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Biomedical subjects

S Green

Publications and source records attributed to S Green.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Splenic influences on the blood in chronic liver disease.

The influence of the spleen on the blood has been assessed in a series of 187 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease. Patients were described as having 'hypersplenism' if the white blood count and/or platelet count were below 4.0 X 10(9)/1 and 100 X 10(9)/1 respectively at the time of biopsy diagnosis and on at least one subsequent occasion. Using this definition 17 per cent of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis had hypersplenism, compared with 38 per cent with cryptogenic cirrhosis and 26 per cent with active chronic hepatitis. Studies with 51Cr labelled autogenous erythrocytes in 36 of the patients with different types of chronic liver disease showed that the spleen rarely caused anaemia either by excessive splenic pooling or splenic haemolysis. Further studies with 51Cr labelled platelets in 20 other patients showed that the splenic platelet pool was usually considerably increased and the platelet life span reduced. Some patients showed excessive destruction of platelets in the spleen but none of these features consistently related to thrombocytopenia. Splenic enlargement per se did not cause expansion of the plasma volume in chronic liver disease. Of a total of 17 patients who underwent surgical operations for reduction of portal pressure five had hypersplenism but in these the haematological state was not significantly improved at one month. However, none of the survivors of these operations subsequently developed hypersplenism. One patient with severe hypersplenism who underwent simple splenectomy was cured of leucopenia but not of thrombocytopenia.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1978

Heritable translocation test on random-bred mice after prolonged triethylenemelamine treatment.

Heritable translocation and dominant lethal tests were conducted with random-bred Swiss albino male mice. The animals were provided drinking water containing triethylenemelamine (TEM) for 4 weeks, and were then mated for 3 successive weeks for analysis of dominant lethality and production of F1 progeny. Potential translocation carriers among F1 males were selected after two breedings and confirmed by cytogenetic analysis. Translocation heterozygotes were obtained in offspring of the TEM-treated groups, but not in the control groups. In F1 males produced from the first week of mating, the frequencies of translocations were 0, 1.78 6.2 and 10.0% for the control group and groups receiving TEM at 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.050 mg/kg/day, respectively, and in those produced from the third week of mating, the values were 0 and 2.1%, respectively, for the control group and the group receiving TEM at 0.050 mg/kg/day. F1 males from the second week of mating were not studied for the induction of heritable translocations. TEM-induced dominant lethality and heritable translocations were most prominent in the first week of mating after 4 weeks of treatment. In addition, heritable translocations appeared to be a more sensitive endpoint than dominant lethal mutations for the measurement of mutagenic effects of TEM.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

An analysis of meiotic chromosomes of inbred male mice and their F1 sons after long-term treatment of sires with triethylenemelamine.

The dose-dependent effects of triethylenemelamine (TEM) on fertility and the induction of chromosomal translocation in treated mice and their F1 sons were examined C3H mice were treated with TEM for 8 successive weeks at doses of 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg of body weight. All males treated with TEM were fertile,and cytological analysis of meiotic cells showed no chromosomal rearrangements. Semi-sterility and sterility were noted in F1 sons of TEM-treated animals. This semi-sterility and sterility were associated with reciprocal translocations. The percentage of animals heterozygous for translocations was higher for F1 males originating from sires treated with TEM at 0.04 mg/kg than from sires treated with 0.02 mg/kg.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

Acromioclavicular dislocations: treatment by transfer of the conjoined tendon and distal end of the coracoid process to the clavicle.

A retrospective study of 23 acute and 6 chronic acromioclavicular dislocations treated by surgical transfer of the distal 1/2 inch of the coracoid process with the attached conjoined tendon of the coracobrachialis and short head of the biceps to the clavicle revealed 14 excellent, 14 good and one fair result. Results were determined according to symptoms, range of motion at the shoulder and elbow, strength, anatomic reduction, and return to previous activities. Although most patients with this injury are treated conservatively, this procedure is reserved for the athlete or manual laborer below age 45 years, especially with involvement of the dominant-extremity. The 29 cases were evaluated 20--108 months following surgery. Thirteen additional cases with less than 18 month follow-up have also been good or excellent. Weakness and pain have not been as pronounced following this procedure in vigorous individuals as have been noted after conservative treatment. Few postoperative complications developed, and early return to competitive athletics was possible.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗
PubMed1977

Differential responsiveness of central noradrenergic and dopaminergic neuron tyrosine hydroxylase to hypophysectomy, ACTH and glucocorticoid administration.

Hypophysectomy leads to a small increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity of all brain areas containing noradrenergic neurons or tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons, but nigroneostriatal dopamine neurons are not so affected. ACTH or corticosterone treatment inhibited this effect of hypophysectomy in some noradrenergic neurons and in tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons. These data showing differential responsiveness of tyrosine hydroxylase in different brain areas are compatible with differences in regulation or molecular form of tyrosine hydroxylase in central noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons. The disparity between increased hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase activity and decreased norepinephrine turnover following hypophysectomy may result from a change in the rate-limiting step to the hydroxylation of dopamine.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1977

Intermediate-duration toxicity study of patulin in rats.

The toxicity of patulin was studied in two generations of Sprague-Dawley rats over a period of approximately 10 months. Patulin in 1 mM citrate buffer was administered by gavage to FO generation rats at a dose level of 0, 1.5, 7.5, or 15.0 mg/kg a body weight five times a week for 10-14 wk; females were treated seven times a week during pregnancy. High mortality and insufficient progeny in the groups given 7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg made it impossible to continue those two regimens into the second generation. The study was continued for 20-23 wk with F1A generation animals given 1.5 mg/kg and controls. The only lesion found at necropsy that could be attributed to patulin administration was gaseous distention of the gastrointestinal tract, which was probably the result of the antibiotic effect of this mycotoxin on the normal intestinal flora. A decreased weight gain in male rats of the FO generation was dose-related. An impairment in growth rates of F1A and F2A progeny of both sexes was statistically significant at the 1.5 mg/kg dose level. Fetuses taken from patulin-treated females on day 20 of pregnancy were noticeably smaller than controls fetuses and the difference was significant for F2A males. No other teratological abnormalities related to patulin dosing at the 1.5 mg/kg level were observed consistently in either F1A or F2A fetuses. Patulin did not appear to produce dominant lethal effects at dose levels up to 15.0 mg/kg when given by gavage to the males five times a week for 10 or 11 wk.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Platelet dynamics in chronic liver disease with special reference to the role of the spleen.

In all of 12 patients with chronic liver disease, whose platelet dynamics were investigated by the 51Cr-labelling technique in association with surface counting, platelet survival was reduced and in 11 the splenic platelet pool was increased. Surface counting showed high initial spleen liver ratios in eight patients, and in four there was evidence of progressive destruction of platelets in the spleen. In one patient, subsequently shown to have a hepatoma, progressive accumulation of platelets was noted at the tumour site.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The effect of mitomycin on the fertility and the induction of meiotic chromosome rearrangements in mice and their first generation progeny.

The dose dependent effects of chronic application of Mitomycin C(MC) on the induction of chromosomal translocations in treated animals and F1 males and on their fertility have been examined. The C3H strain mice used in the present experiments were treated with MC during eight successive weeks in doses of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg of body weight. 75 males were treated (25 males per dose and 25 males as controls). Immediately after the chronic treatment they were mated with normal females and were tested for their reproductive performance. The fertility of males was estimated from the number of pregnant females after one week of being together. After that all males were sacrificed and prepared for cytological analysis. No chromosomal translocations were found in diakinesis-metaphase I of meiosis. Data from the study of fertility showed that all treated males were fertile, but all females were not pregnant. The tests of all sterile, semisterile and fertile F1 males showed that F1 males could not be identified as heterozygous translocation carriers.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Carcinoembryonic antigen in colonic lavage.

Colonoscopic lavage was performed for assay of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration in patients with small and large colonic adenomas, in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon, and in normal controls. CEA concentration was considerably higher in colonoscopic lavage as compared to plasma. CEA concentration in normal controls and in patients with colonic adenomas less than 1 cm in size were not significantly different. CEA concentrations in patients with colonic adenomas greater than 1 cm in size and in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon were significantly higher than those observed in patients with small adenomas and in the normal controls. In all except 2 patients, plasma CEA concentrations were normal. Assay of CEA concentrations in colonic lavage may have potential application in the further assessment of the mucosa at risk for colon adenomas and for colon cancer. It does not appear to be accurate enough for diagnosis of colon cancer in individual patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗