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Biomedical subjects

S Grant

Publications and source records attributed to S Grant.

322 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Differentiation therapy of human cancer: basic science and clinical applications.

Current cancer therapies are highly toxic and often nonspecific. A potentially less toxic approach to treating this prevalent disease employs agents that modify cancer cell differentiation, termed 'differentiation therapy.' This approach is based on the tacit assumption that many neoplastic cell types exhibit reversible defects in differentiation, which upon appropriate treatment, results in tumor reprogramming and a concomitant loss in proliferative capacity and induction of terminal differentiation or apoptosis (programmed cell death). Laboratory studies that focus on elucidating mechanisms of action are demonstrating the effectiveness of 'differentiation therapy,' which is now beginning to show translational promise in the clinical setting.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rod photopigment deficits in albinos are specific to mammals and arise during retinal development.

Adult albino mammals have specific retinal defects, including reduced numbers of rod photoreceptors. To examine when this rod deficit arises and whether it exists in nonmammalian albinos, we have used absorbance spectrophotometry to measure photopigment levels in dark-adapted eyes taken from three groups of pigmented and albino animals: adult rodents (rats and mice), developing rats, and mature Xenopus frogs. Rhodopsin concentrations were consistently and significantly reduced in mammalian albinos compared to their wild-type counterparts from before the time of eye opening, but photopigment levels were similar in frogs of both pigmentation phenotypes. The results strongly suggest that deficits in the rod cell population arise early in development of the mammalian albino retina, but do not generalize to nonmammalian mutants lacking retinal melanin.

Albinism, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventing zoonotic diseases in immunocompromised persons: the role of physicians and veterinarians.

We surveyed physicians and veterinarians in Wisconsin about the risk for and prevention of zoonotic diseases in immunocompromised persons. We found that physicians and veterinarians hold significantly different views about the risks posed by certain infectious agents and species of animals and communicate very little about zoonotic issues; moreover, physicians believe that veterinarians should be involved in many aspects of zoonotic disease prevention, including patient education.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using magnostrictive metal as a pump for biomedical application.

A new theory of pumping fluids, including blood, has been developed using magnetostrictive technology. This new pump uses the magnetostrictive material known as Terfenol-DTM. A magnetic field is imposed on the Terfenol in periodic pulses causing it to expand and then relax to its original state. The expansion and relaxation of the terfenol cause a smooth, continuous flow of fluid. This pump is currently being built and will be tested as a left ventricular assist device, totally implantable artificial heart, or both.

Electric Power Supplies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The triplane Austin bunionectomy: a review and retrospective analysis.

The purpose of this manuscript is to introduce an alternative method of performing triplane Austin bunionectomies using a 0.062-inch Kirschner wire for fixation. This procedure was employed in clinical situations where there was an elevated first ray and/or a submetatarsal two lesion intractable plantar keratoma. X-ray criteria include a mild to moderate increase in the intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and a proximal articular set angle (PASA) deformity. Elevatus of the first ray is evident. Thirty-six cases were reviewed over a 5-year period. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3 years. Statistical results support the use of this capital osteotomy for the reduction of intermetatarsal angle and proximal articular set angle, and to plantarflex the first ray. Early mobilization with return of function of first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) range of motion makes this an ideal procedure for the podiatric surgical patient who needs to return to activity as soon as possible.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease on the Navajo reservation, 1962-77.

The occurrence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) among Navajos was ascertained for the period from 1962 through 1977 by means of hospital discharge diagnoses and patients' charts. The annualized attack rate for ARF was 12.4 per 100,000 population, with no clear evidence of an overall secular trend. The proportion of recurrences (19.6 percent) and clinical features were similar to those reported elsewhere, but no seasonal variation in attack rates was noted. Between 1962-71 and 1972-77, the age of RHD patients increased, suggesting few newly diagnosed cases and the aging of known patients. A streptococcal disease control program was instituted in many Navajo elementary schools before 1975. In the program, throat cultures were performed routinely for some asymptomatic children and for all symptomatic children. During the subsequent 3 years, ARF rates declined from 13.5 to 8.2 per 100,000 in areas covered by the program, while in the noncovered areas the rates showed little change-9.5 to 10.1 per 100,000.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast cancer risk among women using silicone gel breast implants.

Since their introduction in 1962, silicone gel-filled breast implants have been used by an estimated one to two million women. Questions concerning an increased cancer risk to these women have been raised. A review of the medical literature, including case reports, case series, physician surveys, case-control studies, and cohort studies, failed to turn up any evidence which associated the use of silicone breast implants with either an increased risk of breast cancer or an increased risk of a more advanced stage of cancer at the time of cancer diagnosis. The available data do not indicate any significant difference between the characteristics of the breast cancers of women with breast implants and those of women in control populations.

Adult↗