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Biomedical subjects

S Goto

Publications and source records attributed to S Goto.

At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effects of the new antiallergic drug 11-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b] quinazoline-2-carboxylic acid on immediate allergic reactions.

The effects of 11-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazoline-2-carboxylic acid (Sm 857) on immediate type, particularly type I allergic reactions were investigated and the following results were obtained. 48-h homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats was inhibited by oral administration of Sm 857 from the 4th h to the 30th min before antigen challenge and by intravenous administration from the 2nd h to just before antigen challenge. 48-h homologous PCA in rats was inhibited dose-dependently by oral administration of Sm 857 at 1-50 mg/kg 30 min before antigen challenge. On the other hand, the intravenous administration 10 min before antigen challenge showed similar dose-dependent effects on PCA and the effects were significant at doses of 0.5-2 mg/kg. The oral administration of Sm 857 for 1-4 weeks reduced the PCA inhibitory effect in comparison with single administration. Sm 857 injected intravenously twice at intervals of 15-120 min showed no change in inhibitory effect. The PCA inhibitory effect of Sm 857 in adrenalectomized rats was reduced markedly when compared with that in sham-operated rats. On the other hand, adrenalectomy had no influence on the inhibitory effect of tranilast. Sm 857, tranilast and ketotifen inhibited histamin-induced capillary permeability in rats and, in particular, the effect of ketotifen was conspicuous. Sm 857, tranilast and ketotifen significantly inhibited antigen-induced histamine release from the peritoneal cavity of passively sensitized rats. Release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), on the other hand, was inhibited significantly by Sm 857 and ketotifen. Sm 857 showed a tendency to inhibit antigen-induced histamine release from the lung tissue of passively sensitized guinea pigs and significantly inhibited SRS-A release. Sm 857 inhibited histamine- and leukotriene D4 (LTD4)-induced contraction in the lung parenchyma and the tracheal muscle. However, the drug had no effect on contraction of the ileum. Sm 857 showed a tendency to inhibit the Schultz-Dale reaction in the lung parenchyma ana the ileum. Both oral and intravenous administration of Sm 857 showed an inhibitory effect on experimental asthma in guinea pigs, which was similar to that of tranilast.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Radioimmunoassay of placental alkaline phosphatase in ovarian cancer sera and tissues.

A specific radioimmunoassay for human placental alkaline phosphatase has been developed using the 125I-labeled enzyme, highly purified with a fast protein liquid chromatography system and an absorbed rabbit antiserum. The sensitivity of this assay was 0.2 U/L. Serum levels of over 0.2 U/L were found in 27% of ovarian cancer patients, and most of these elevated enzyme levels occurred with more advanced stages of the disease. On the other hand, almost all ovarian cancer tissue contained detectable levels of the enzyme. Serous adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and dysgerminoma had particularly large amounts. Placental alkaline phosphatase was more frequently detected in tissue than in the serum of ovarian cancer, and therefore may be a useful target in immunodetection and immunotherapy and in studying the histopathology of ovarian cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Radioimmunodetection of human choriocarcinoma xenografts by monoclonal antibody to placental alkaline phosphatase.

Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP)-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 11-D-10, which did not react with other isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (AP), was raised by a hybridoma technique. MAb 11-D-10 was radiolabeled and administered to athymic mice bearing human choriocarcinoma containing PLAP. This antibody was found to be more specifically localized in tumor tissue as compared to normal tissues. The tissue-to-blood ratio (T/B ratio) of MAb 11-D-10 in tumor tissue increased from 1.38 at 2 days to 2.51 at 5 days after administration. On the other hand, the T/B ratios of isotype control non-immunized IgM in tumor tissue were 0.72 and 0.87 at 2 days and 5 days after administration, respectively. 131I-labeled MAb 11-D-10 was administered to athymic mice bearing choriocarcinomas of various sizes and various PLAP contents to examine the effect on the radioimage of the differences in tumor size and PLAP content. Tumors less than 0.3 cm in diameter could be imaged clearly by gamma-scintigraphy without blood pool image subtraction. The strength of the radioimage correlated fairly well with PLAP content.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Reverse electrical pacing improves intestinal absorption and transit time.

This study evaluates the effect of reverse electrical pacing on intestinal absorption and transit time in an enterostomy model. Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats (148 to 208 gm) underwent division and anastomosis of the proximal jejunum to eliminate the proximal gastroduodenal pacemaker. A 30.0 cm loop ileostomy was formed, and leads were placed at 1.0 and 3.0 cm proximal to the stoma. Reverse pacing was done with a 0.25 Hz, 50 msec pulse at 0.1 mA. Transit time was evaluated with 1.0 ml barium gavage and was 12 +/- 4 minutes in group I controls (n = 13) versus 27 +/- 21 minutes in group II (n = 12) reverse-paced rats (p less than 0.025). D-Xylose absorption was determined in 18 rats. Levels were 14.0 +/- 3.6 mg/dl in control rats (n = 6) and 15.5 +/- 3.4 mg/dl in reverse-paced rats (n = 6). Increasing the pulse milliamperage to 2.0 mA (n = 6) increased D-xylose serum levels to 38.8 +/- 27.7 mg/dl (p less than 0.05). Transit rate and net water flux were determined in eight additional rats with 15 cm Theiry-Vella loops. Transit rate was measured with 0.2 ml of methylene blue and was 3.00 +/- 2.32 ml/min in unpaced rats compared with 9.95 +/- 0.71 ml/min with reverse pacing (p less than 0.025). Water flux studies showed that control rats had a net secretory loss of 0.20 +/- 0.48 ml/cm while paced rats absorbed 0.08 +/- 0.12 ml/cm. These data indicate that reverse electrical pacing increases transit time and nutrient and fluid absorption. These observations suggest that reverse electrical pacing may be a useful adjunct in instances of short gut associated with an enterostomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Purification of placental alkaline phosphatase and its monoclonal antibody.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to placental alkaline phosphatase (PAlP) were raised by using the hybridoma technique. Spleen cells from immunized mice were fused with the mouse myeloma line NS-1 using 50% polyethylene glycol and cultured in a selection medium. Antibodies were screened by the enzyme immunoassay using immobilized solid-phase antigen and anti-mouse immunogloblin Fab' (rabbit)-beta-D-galactosidase complex. Four double-cloned hybridomas were obtained. The cross-reactivity with different kinds of alkaline phosphatases of the raised MAbs was examined. At first, MAb 11-D-10, with which placenta was stained but liver and small intestine were not stained in indirect immunofluorescence, was selected. Then, the cross-reactivity of MAb 11-D-10 was further investigated by immunoblotting (Western blotting). MAb 11-D-10 reacted with PAlP but did not react with hepatic and intestinal alkaline phosphatase at all. The binding activity of 125I-labeled MAb 11-D-10 with different choriocarcinoma cell lines (SCH, BeWo, NaUCC-1, NaUCC-2, and NaUCC-3) was highest in SCH, then in the order of BeWo, NaUCC-3, NaUCC-1 and NaUCC-2, and correlated to the PAlP content of the cells (SCH greater than BeWo greater than NaUCC-3 greater than NaUCC-1 greater than NaUCC-2). Also the intensity of indirect immunofluorescence of the above cell lines with MAb 11-D-10 correlated with the PAlP content of each cell.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical effectiveness of short-term administration of norfloxacin in acute urethritis].

Thirty patients with acute urethritis were treated with short-term administration of norfloxacin. The drug was administered randomly in two regimens: Two 400 mg oral doses for a single day or three 200 mg oral doses for three days. For gonorrheal urethritis, the efficacy rates of one and three-day administrations were 75 and 90%, respectively. For non-gonorrheal urethritis, they were 75% each. No adverse effects were observed. The results indicate that short-term administration of norfloxacin is useful in the treatment of acute urethritis, especially for gonorrheal urethritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Effects of oral contraceptive steroids (norethisterone/mestranol) on the activities of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in iron-deficient anemic rats.

Either oral contraceptive steroid (norethisterone/mestranol; N/M) treatment or iron-deficiency (Fe(-] anemia alone caused an increase in NADPH cytochrome c reductase and in three hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities in female rats. When N/M treatment and the Fe(-) diet are combined, no further change in hepatic enzyme activity is seen compared with that with either treatment alone.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of translational fidelity of ribosomes with protamine messenger RNA as a template.

A novel method was developed to estimate the translational fidelity of mammalian ribosomes in vitro with protamine mRNA of rainbow trout as template. Protamines are mixtures of basic proteins consisting of only seven types of amino acids (Arg, Ile, Val, Ser, Pro, Ala, and Gly), arginine (codon, AGR and CGN) being abundant. Taking advantage of the absence of lysine (codon, AAG) in the proteins, we determined the misincorporation of this amino acid into protamines in a cell-free translation system consisting of mouse liver ribosomes, protamine mRNA, [3H]lysine, [14C]arginine, and seven unlabeled amino acids: Ile, Val, Ser, Pro, Ala, Gly, and Met. After the reaction, translation products were analyzed by either sucrose gradient centrifugation or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the former method, radioactive protamines are mostly found on monosomes, but not on polysomes, probably because of the basic nature of the proteins. The error frequency was calculated from the molar ratio of [3H]lysine to [14C]arginine incorporated into protamines with an appropriate correction. The frequency was found to be 0.0006-0.002. This method enabled us to determine the frequency of misrecognition of purine bases at the second position of arginine codons in mRNA.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Biological monitoring of cobalt exposure, based on cobalt concentrations in blood and urine.

Cobalt exposure level and its concentrations in blood and urine were determined for 175 hard metal workers. For control data, the cobalt concentrations in blood and urine were measured for 20 office workers. The exposed workers had significantly higher cobalt concentrations in both blood and urine. The relationships between exposure level and cobalt concentrations in blood and urine were linear and positive. The results clearly showed that the cobalt concentration in the blood or urine can be used as an exposure indicator. With cobalt exposure of 100 micrograms/m3, the cobalt concentration was 0.57 to 0.79 micrograms/dl in blood and 59 to 78 micrograms/l in urine with 95% confidence limits. In workers using respirators, the cobalt concentrations in the blood and urine decreased to 2/5 and 1/8, respectively, of those not using respirators.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

An immunohistochemical study of serotoninergic nerves in the colon and rectum of children with Hirschsprung's disease.

Serotonin (5-HT)-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were investigated in gut tissue obtained from seven Japanese children with Hirschsprung's disease. In the control untreated tissues, 5-HT-like immunoreactive fibers were observed neither in the normoganglionic nor in the aganglionic regions. After pargyline treatment, 5-HT-positive neuropils were consistently detected in association with the myenteric plexus in the normoganglionic segment, while in the aganglionic segment immunoreactive fibers could not be demonstrated through the entire layer of the bowel tissue. The occurrence of 5-HT-like immunoreactive neuropils by pargyline treatment strongly suggests that the infant bowel is innervated with serotoninergic elements. After treatment with 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP), the immunoreactive neuropils were localized in the myenteric and submucous plexuses of the normoganglionic segment. On the other hand, another type of 5-HT-positive fibers was characteristically demonstrated in aganglionic segments following the drug treatment; moderate numbers of 5-HT-like immunoreactive fibers appeared in the intermuscular zone and within the circular and longitudinal muscle layers. Several 5-HT-positive fibers were present in the hypertrophic nerve bundles seen in a diseased bowel. A possible origin of this type of 5-HT-positive nerve fibers was discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Alteration of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases with age: accumulation of heat-labile enzyme molecules in rat liver, kidney and brain.

Age-related changes of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases were investigated in tissues from 3- to 24-month-old rats. The proportions of heat-labile enzymes in the liver, kidney and brain were 0-20% in young animals, but 15-40% in old animals. The proportions of heat-labile enzymes increase from about 15 months of age when the probability of death also increases greatly. These findings suggest that decrease in functional activities of various tissues in old animals is in some way related to the accumulation of these altered proteins.

Aging↗