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Biomedical subjects

S Goto

Publications and source records attributed to S Goto.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Radioimmunoassay of the serum free beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in trophoblastic disease.

We developed a RIA specific for the free beta hCG employing anti-beta hCG monoclonal antibody 1D12. This RIA was highly sensitive to free beta hCG; the minimum detectable concentration was 0.4 ng/ml. alpha hCG, LH, beta LH, and FSH had little effect in the assay; the cross-reactivity of hCG was about 4%. Using this RIA, we measured serum free beta hCG concentrations in 38 normal pregnant women and 72 untreated patients with 3 types of trophoblastic disease: hydatidiform mole (n = 15), invasive mole (n = 29), and choriocarcinoma (n = 28). All of these samples were simultaneously assayed for hCG by RIA. In normal pregnant women, serum hCG changed as pregnancy progressed, but serum free beta hCG was not detected at any time. In contrast, serum free beta hCG was measurable in the majority of patients with trophoblastic disease. Strong correlations were found between the concentration of free beta hCG and that of hCG in each type of trophoblastic diseases. The mean free beta hCG to hCG ratio was lowest for hydatidiform mole and highest for choriocarcinoma, and the difference between the ratios in these 2 groups was statistically significant. Serial measurements in 7 patients with trophoblastic disease failed to reveal remarkable changes in the free beta hCG to hCG ratio throughout their clinical course. We conclude that the production of free beta hCG increases with the immaturity of the trophoblastic cell, and the degree of differentiation of trophoblastic cells may be reflected by the free beta hCG to hCG ratio.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Mutagenicity of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds. Industrial materials and related compounds].

Mutagenicity of 102 aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds, industrial materials and related chemicals were tested by pre-incubation method using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 strains with and without S9 mix. Escherichia coli WP2uvrA/pKM101 was also used in the mutagenicity assay of aliphatic nitro compounds. Four chemicals out of 8 aliphatic nitro compounds tested were mutagenic to TA100, TA98 and/or WP2 strains. Sixty-one out of 94 nitrobenzene derivatives were mutagenic to TA100 and/or TA98 strains. Thirty-seven chemicals among the 65 mutagens showed higher mutagenic activity than 1,000 rev./mg. The following 15 chemicals showed higher activity than 10,000 rev./mg: tetranitromethane, chloropicrin, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, 2,3-dinitrophenol, 2,6-dinitroaniline, 3,5-dinitroaniline, 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, p-nitrobenzylchloride, 3,5-dinitrobenzylchloride, p-nitrophenylhydrazine, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, 2,4-dinitrophenylthiocyanate and nitramine. Nitrobenzene was not mutagenic, but mono-substituted nitrobenzenes having-CH2Cl, -COCl, -NO2, -NH-NH2, -COOH, -OCH3, -NH2, -Br, -OH, -NH-NH2HCl, -OP(OC2H5)2S or -CHO group showed mutagenic. Introduction of-Cl, -CH3, -C2H5 or -SO3H group to nitrobenzene did not contribute to mutagenicity. Mutagenicity of dinitrobenzene was enhanced by the introduction of -F, -SCN, -NH2, -Cl, -CH2Cl, -NO2, -NH-NH2 or -COCl group, and suppressed by the introduction of -COOH or -CH3 group. Twenty-three out of 45 chemicals for which "exposure limits" are established from the stand point of industrial hygiene in many countries in the world, were mutagenic to TA100, TA98 and/or WP2 strains. Furthermore, 42 out of 57 chemicals for which "exposure limits" are not established were also mutagenic. The following three carcinogens, that is, 2-nitropropane, 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene, were all mutagenic, but their mutagenic activity was weak. Many chemicals were found to have a stronger mutagenic activity and a chemical structure similar to carcinogenic dinitrotoluenes. This fact suggests the necessity of conducting carcinogenic assay of these chemicals.

Industry↗
PubMed1987

[Morphological changes in the contralateral testis in patients with testicular tumor].

Biopsy of contralateral testis of 20 patients with an unilateral testicular tumor was carried out to evaluate the morphological changes of the contralateral testis caused by the tumor. Serum beta-chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels before orchiectomy were examined as a function influencing morphological changes of the contralateral testis. Typical carcinoma in situ was found in a case of ipsilateral testis. The presence of a few atypical germ cells, however, was the only finding of the contralateral testis of three patients. Five of 20 patients revealed hypospermatogenesis in the contralateral intact testis. Most of the other patients also showed sloughing of germinal epithelium suggesting disorder of spermatogenesis. Johnsen's mean score count and tubular wall thickening were related to neither clinical stages, ESR, serum beta-hCG, AFP, LH nor FSH levels. Tubular wall thickening was observed in 8 of 10 patients with a tumor weighting over 150 g, but was found in only 1 of 10 patients with a lighter tumor (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Cytology of percutaneous aspiration biopsy of renal angiomyolipoma: a study of 4 cases].

Percutaneous aspiration biopsy of renal angiomyolipoma (AML) was carried out on four patients to investigate the cytological features of AML. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically after the removal of the tumor. The specimen was fixed in 95% alcohol and stained by the Papanicolaou's method. Cells obtained formed clusters in three of four cases. Cells originating from leiomyomatous element of AML varied in their size, but are usually small with small oval nuclei and rich cytoplasm of lacy appearance. The cytoplasm was fragile and the cell border was not clear. Nuclear chromatin was not increased and was distributed diffusely. Fat cells originating from fatty element of the tumor were mature type and obtained from all of three patients who had much typical lipomatous element in the tumor. In conclusion, cytology of aspiration biopsy is useful to establish preoperative diagnosis of AML in such occasions when there are difficulties in differential diagnoses between AML and renal cell carcinoma even by either computed tomography, angiography or ultrasonography.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The study of drug sensitivity on newly established three choriocarcinoma cell lines].

After serial transplantation in nude mice, we had established three new human choriocarcinoma cell lines (NaUCC-1,2 and 3). These three cell lines and BeWo were examined for sensitivity to Act-D, MTX and the combined agents (Act-D + MTX) 3H-Act-D uptake and 3H-MTX uptake, and were compared for each treatment. NaUCC-1 showed low sensitivity to MTX (p less than 0.05), but showed high sensitivity to Act-D (p less than 0.05). BeWo showed low sensitivity to Act-D (p less than 0.05). In examining sensitivity to the combined agents (Act-D+ MTX), the sensitivity of NaUCC-2 to Act-D was decreased (p less than 0.05) by MTX added at the same time. In the 3H-Act-D uptake experiment, NaUCC-1 did uptake a relatively larger amount of 3H-Act-D (p less than 0.01) and BeWo a smaller amount of it (p less than 0.05). In the 3H-MTX uptake experiment, NaUCC-1 did uptake a relatively smaller amount of 3H-MTX (p less than 0.05), but NaUCC-2 uptook a larger amount of it (p less than 0.005). NaUCC-1 established from the patient in whom tumor cells were resistant to treatment, had a low response to MTX. NaUCC-2 was established from the patient in whom it was found that MTX inhibits the Act-D effect on tumor cells. In the study of combined agents in NaUCC-2, the growth inhibition effect of Act-D was suppressed by the MTX added.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Activation of latent RNAase by antibodies against rat liver RNAase inhibitor.

RNAase inhibitor was purified to homogeneity from rat liver. The purified inhibitor was identified by measuring the activity in gel slices after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. Antibodies were prepared by immunization of guinea pigs with the inhibitor. The antibodies formed single precipitin lines with free RNAase inhibitor and RNAase A-inhibitor complex that fused in a micro-Ouchterlony test. Partially purified IgG from immunized animals, but not control animals, inhibited the activities of the free inhibitor and the inhibitor in the complex. In the latter case, the RNAase-inhibitor complex was dissociated and active RNAase was liberated.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The distribution of calcineurin in rat brain by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry and enzyme-immunoassay.

Calcineurin is the calcium (divalent cations)-dependent calmodulin-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphatase which is capable of dephosphorylating various substrate proteins. The subcellular and regional distribution of calcineurin in the rat brain has been studied by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry using antiserum against calcineurin. Immunoreactivity was observed in many neurons but was not detected in glial cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells by the PAP method. Light microscopy demonstrates strong immunoreactivity in neuronal somata and neurites. By electron microscopy, calcineurin immunoreactivity was found to be present in dendrites including postsynaptic densities, somata, spines, axons and terminals. Calcineurin immunoreactivity was present in neurons throughout the brain, but a marked regional variation in strength of the immunoreactivity was observed. The caudatoputamen, hippocampal formation, and substantia nigra were strongly stained. Cerebral and cerebellar neocortex showed moderate immunoreactivity. In substantia nigra and globus pallidus, only neurites were stained, but neuronal somata not. The staining of the substantia nigra was thought to be due to that of the nerve terminals originating from the caudatoputamen, in view of the findings by cerebral hemitransection and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry. We developed an enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for calcineurin. The sensitivity of the EIA was 1 ng (13 fmol) of calcineurin. We determined the level of calcineurin in various regions of the rat brain. The caudate nucleus, putamen and hippocampal formation showed a high concentration of calcineurin. The results are consistent with those obtained by immunohistochemistry.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Substrate size dependence of lysozyme-catalyzed reaction.

In the study of the mechanism of lysozyme-catalyzed reactions, it has been assumed that the rate constants in the catalytic process, the catalytic activity of catalytic group Glu 35, are independent of the degree of polymerization (size) of the substrate. The characteristics of substrate binding subsite F have recently been reexamined and the substrate binding mode at this subsite has been demonstrated to be more complex than expected from a model based on an X-ray analysis of the lysozyme-substrate complex. In the present study, the time courses of the lysozyme-catalyzed reactions with the substrates chitotetraose [(GlcNAc)4], chitopentaose [(GlcNAc)5], and chitohexaose [(GlcNAc)6], of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (GlcNAc), were obtained experimentally with high-performance liquid chromatography. From the experimental time courses, the values of the rate constants, k+1 (the cleavage of glycosidic linkage) and k-1/k+2 (relative efficiency of transglycosylation), were obtained by a data-fitting method with computer simulation of the lysozyme-catalyzed reaction (A. Masaki et al. (1981) J. Biochem. 90, 1167-1175). As a result, it was found that the k+1 value is dependent on the substrate size and the value of the binding free energy of subsite F is considerably smaller than previously estimated. The substrate size dependence of the k+1 value is considered to relate closely to the fine structure of the binding and catalytic sites.

Animals↗