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Biomedical subjects

S Goto

Publications and source records attributed to S Goto.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

In vitro and in vivo changes of serotype in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates by anti-pseudomonal drugs.

The present study was designed to clarify whether anti-pseudomonal drugs affected in vitro and in vivo changes in serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Forty-two isolates of P. aeruginosa belonging to different serotype groups were each incubated in Mueller-Hinton broth including piperacillin, cefsulodin, ceftazidime, imipenem, gentamicin or norfloxacin at 1 approximately 4 MICs at 35 degrees C for 20 hours. The bacterial cells in the media were serotyped after the incubation. In each experiment with these six drugs, serotypes of 4 (9.5%) to 8 (19.0%) of the 42 isolates changed to other different groups. There was no relationship between the serotypes of the variants formed with the anti-pseudomonal drugs and kinds of the drugs. In the case of P. aeruginosa TA-2 isolate, the different concentrations (1/2 MIC and 2 x MIC) of cefsulodin induced the distinct changes in serotypes such as the poly-agglutinable (M, G) and non-typable groups, respectively. The time course for the formation of the variant cells was investigated during the incubation of P. aeruginosa TA-2 isolate in the presence of cefsulodin, respectively. In this case, the variant cells appeared 6 hours after incubation and continued to grow together with the intact cells. On the other hand, the variant cells with anti-pseudomonal drugs (cefsulodin, imipenem and gentamicin) were also formed in the model infections in mice. The present results indicated that the co-existence of colonies with different serotypes in some isolates of P. aeruginosa was partially due to the alternation of serotypes with anti-pseudomonal drugs given to patients with infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Regional changes in muscle mass and strength following 20 days of bed rest, and the effects on orthostatic tolerance capacity in young subjects.

To this day, many studies have suggested that prolonged bed rest (BR) affects on muscle mass and strength not only in gravity muscles but also in ungravity muscles. However, it is still unclear whether the decrease in regional muscle strength after BR is due to the alterations in the corresponding muscle mass, or not. On the other hand, if BR decreases the mass of antigravity muscles (UGM) as well as muscle strength and then increases tissue compliance of the antigravity muscles, orthostatic tolerance capacity will be decreased by the reduction in cardiac output (CO) in spite of the increase in myocardial contractility because the more decrease in venous return due to the more increase in blood pooling within the compliant tissues of the lower body. However, this is also unclear. To make these questions clear, the present study investigated the regional muscle mass and strength and orthostatic tolerance capacity before and after 20 days of bed rest in young subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Efficacy of the "Gen-Probe Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD)" for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens--comparison between the MTD and the test by culture on Ogawa's egg medium or in the MB Check System].

Three or more weeks are usually required for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the known culture methods, and therefore, the development of a rapid bacteriological diagnostic method for M. tuberculosis has been urgently awaited. Recently, Gen-Probe Inc. has developed the "Gen-Probe Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD)", which is based on amplification of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens and hybridization of the amplified rRNA with a M. tuberculosis-specific DNA probe, as a rapid direct diagnostic method for tuberculosis. We therefore compared the sensitivity and specificity of the MTD in detecting M. tuberculosis with the culture methods on Ogawa's egg medium and in the MB Check System, using 107 clinical specimens as test material. The results obtained are as follows: 1. Of the 61 clinical specimens which were negative when cultured on Ogawa's egg medium, 13 (21.3%) were positive for M. tuberculosis using the MTD, and of the 48 clinical specimens which were negative when cultured in the MB Check System, 8 specimens (16.7%) were positive for M. tuberculosis using the MTD. 2. All of the specimens which yielded growth of M. tuberculosis (identified by the DNA probe) either on Ogawa's egg medium or in the MB Check System, except one, were positive for M. tuberculosis in the MTD. The only one exception was a specimen which was positive for M. tuberculosis in both Ogawa's medium and the MB Check System.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Bactericidal activities of isepamicin and ofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa evaluated using an in vitro pharmacokinetic simulation system].

Bactericidal activities of isepamicin and ofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa E7 were examined using an in vitro computer programmed pharmacokinetic simulation system. Concentration of the drugs simulated the pharmacokinetic data obtained in healthy human adult subjects after 200 mg or 400 mg I.M. administration of isepamicin (ISP), and 300 mg P.O. administration of ofloxacin (OFLX). P. aeruginosa cell counts were depressed by ISP or OFLX to -4 log -(-)5 log levels of magnitude below the initial cell counts. The time required in recovery of cell counts to the initial level after treatment with ISP (200 mg) was longer than that after OFLX (300 mg) treatment. An excellent synergistic effect was observed between ISP and OFLX.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A case report of recurrent cervical cancer which responded to a combination of biological therapies.

Adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has been challenged to human cancer patients during these years. However, as the efficacy of the therapy alone is still limited, another approach, a combination with other therapies may be required to obtain more favorable antitumor effects. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) is worth considering for combination, because at least its various potential roles in immune response suggest that it might increase the killing activity of T cells against autologous tumor cells. We attempted to treat the cancer patients with TIL combined with TNF therapy. A patient with recurrent cervical cancer was treated with multiple biological therapies including TIL and TNF therapy, and irradiation. Biological therapies consisted of endogenous and exogenous TNF (EET) therapy, TIL, administration of rTNF-SAM2 combined with hyperthermia and several biological response modifiers such as schizophyllan and lentinan. After 50 days of therapy, the recurrent tumor had remarkably decreased in size, and cystic change of the tumor was observed by CT scanning. By further continuation of these therapies, the disease condition was much improved. As these antitumor effects cannot well be explained by irradiation therapy alone, multiple biological therapies are considered to be potentially effective against the highly malignant advanced tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Post-pregnancy osteoporosis].

The onset of idiopathic osteoporosis after delivery is called "Post-Pregnancy Osteoporosis", which was suggested for the syndrome by Nordin in 1955. Back pain and vertebral collapse are the most frequent feature. This disease usually occurs in the first pregnancy and dose not recur, but the mechanisms remains to be elucidated. It is suggested that in patients with post-pregnancy osteoporosis there may have been a transient failure of the usual changes in calciotropic hormones such as 1,25-(OH)2D, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) to prepare the maternal skeleton due to the stress of childbirth. The clinical course of these patients accords well with previous reports.

25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2↗
PubMed1994

Stereoselective renal tubular secretion of an organic anion in the isolated perfused rat kidney.

To clarify the stereoselective renal tubular secretion of an organic anion, renal excretion of 5-dimethylsulfamoyl-6,7-dichloro-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-2-carbox yli c acid (DBCA), a racemic compound, was studied with a single-pass perfused rat kidney preparation under constant perfusion pressure (ca. 120 mm Hg). The steady-state renal extraction ratio of (R)-(+)-DBCA (0.134) was 10 times higher than that of (S)-(-)-DBCA (0.015), indicating high selectivity for (R)-(+)-DBCA. The urinary excretion rate and renal excretory clearance (CLrex) were 4 times larger for (R)-(+)-DBCA, and the unbound fraction in the perfusate also was higher for (R)-(+)-DBCA (R/S = 1.58). Fractional excretion (FE) and intrinsic clearance for tubular secretion (CLrsec,int) were about 3 times larger for (R)-(+)-DBCA than the antipode, showing the stereoselectively predominant secretion of (R)-(+)-DBCA. The N-monodemethylated metabolite, M-1, was found only for the R-(+)-enantiomer in the perfusate and urine, revealing highly stereoselective N-monodemethylation in the kidney. The CLrsec,int value for (R)-(+)-M-1 was 2.5 times larger than that for (R)-(+)-DBCA. The perfusion study using each enantiomer decreased R/S ratios of the extraction ratio (9.9), urinary excretion rate (3.9) and excretory clearance (3.9) in the perfusion of the racemate to 3.9, 2.1 and 2.1, respectively. No significant difference was found between (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-DBCA in FE and Clrsec,int. The declined stereoselectivity in renal excretion parameters may be due to competitive inhibition of the tubular secretion of (R)-(+)-DBCA by the (R)-(+)-M-1 formed which possessed greater secretion ability in the (R)-(+)-DBCA perfusion study, whereas (S)-(-)-DBCA was secreted without great inhibition by (S)-(-)-M-1 in the (S)-(-)-DBCA perfusion because of a small amount of generated metabolite. Plotting of FE ratios of DBCA enantiomers to (R)-(+)-M-1 against FE of (R)-(+)-M-1 suggests that the actual FE for (R)-(+)-DBCA was 2 times larger than that for (S)-(-)-DBCA, and that (S)-(-)-DBCA secretion was inhibited more easily by (R)-(+)-M-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of 10 and 20 days bed rest on leg muscle mass and strength in young subjects.

Sedentary voluntary students were exposed to 10 (n = 8) and 20 (n = 14) days bed rest to study effects of prolonged bed rest on isometric strength of knee extension and flexion, total leg strength, right hand grip and elbow flexion using different dynamometers. Further, muscle mass of right leg and arm was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and cross sectional area of right thigh by X-ray computed tomography before and after bed rest and after 4 or 8 weeks of recovery. After 10 days bed rest, these variables tended to decrease except for the muscle mass of right arm which increased. After 20 days of bed rest, a similar trend was observed, but at a statistically significant level of p < 0.05. However, no correlation was observed between the decrease in knee extensor strength and cross sectional area of the thigh. Nor was a correlation observed between the sum total of isometric strength of the leg and the total muscle mass measured. The 24h urinary excretion of N2 and creatinine was not changed through the experiments. During recovery, the variables measured had reached the initial levels after 4 or 8 weeks. These changes were not affected by mild supine exercise training. The results suggest that isometric muscle strength was decreased in non-antigravity muscles as well as antigravity muscles by prolonged bed rest, but the rate of changes did not correlate to the corresponding changes in muscle mass. The decreases in maximum voluntary strength are probably not only due to the decrease in muscle mass but also due to reductions of neuromuscular function.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1994

[A case of nontraumatic rupture of ascending aorta].

A 34-year-old man became shock caused by nontraumatic ascending aortic rupture. He was urgently operated. The aortic annulus was mildly ectatic and right coronary cusp was aneurysmal but not perforated. There was a small laceration in the anterior aortic wall without dissection. Cabrol operation was performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Successful pregnancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: two case reports].

A case of successful pregnancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in a woman with severe aplastic anemia conditioned with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 4.5 Gy total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) at the age of 15 years is reported. She delivered a normal child 92 months after BMT. A male with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria received allogeneic BMT at the age of 22 years is described as a second case. He was conditioned with 200 mg/kg CY and 7.5 Gy TLI and parented a normal child 32 months after BMT. These observations demonstrate that normal pregnancy can follow high dose chemotherapy and TLI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of bactericidal activity of arbekacin in mixed culture with MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an in vitro pharmacokinetic simulation system].

The bactericidal activities of arbekacin (ABK), vancomycin (VCM), gentamicin (GM) and netilmicin (NTL) in mixed culture with Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined using an in vitro computer programmed pharmacokinetic simulation system and also the protective effect of these agents on systemic infection in neutropenic mice was examined. In a mixed culture of S. aureus No. 235 (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa E7, ABK showed a strong bactericidal activity and an inhibition of regrowth against both bacteria, and GM and NTL showed similar effects. On the other hand, VCM showed a bactericidal activity against S. aureus No. 235, but not against P. aeruginosa. In the protective study, ABK was evidently more effective than GM, NTL or VCM against a systemic mixed infection of mice with S. aureus No. 235 and P. aeruginosa E7. In brief, the ED50 values of ABK, VCM, GM and NTL were 19.5, > 100, 40.5 and 45.2 mg/kg, respectively.

Aminoglycosides↗