Alterations of surface properties by macrophage activation: expression of receptors for Fc and mannose-terminal glycoproteins and differentiation antigens.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
S Gordon
Publications and source records attributed to S Gordon.
Changes in circulating thyroid hormones during short-term hepatic enzyme induction with carbamazepine.
The effect of short-term hepatic enzyme induction with carbamazepine (CBZ) on circulating thyroid hormone concentrations was studied in 10 healthy male subjects. CBZ 400 mg per day was given for 21 days in 6 subjects and for 14 days in a further 4. In the former group the effect of therapy on the pituitary/thyroid axis was also assessed by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. CBZ therapy resulted in induction of hepatic monooxygenase activity, evidenced by a fall in antipyrine half-life (11.1 +/- 0.7 to 7.6 +/- 0.7 h; p less than 0.001), and a rise in antipyrine clearance (0.72 +/- 0.06 to 0.98 +/- 0.1 ml min-1 kg-1; p less than 0.001). A significant fall in total serum thyroxine (T4) (81.9 +/- 2.9 to 75.1 +/- 2.9 nmol l-1), and triiodothyronine (T3); (1.59 +/- 0.07 to 1.37 +/- 0.05 nmol l-1) and free T4 (16.03 +/- 0.82 to 14.2 +/- 0.8 pmol l-1) was seen after CBZ therapy. (all p less than 0.05). No significant change in reverse T3 or thyroid binding globulin occurred. In the 6 subjects studied for 21 days, maximal changes were found following 14 days' treatment. Basal and stimulated TSH remained unaltered. These effects on circulating thyroid hormone concentrations are likely to be secondary to hepatic enzyme induction leading to accelerated nondeiodinative hepatic hormone disposal. The reason for the failure of pituitary TSH secretion to rise in response to the fall in circulating T4 and T3 is unclear but may have implications for chronic treatment with CBZ in epileptic patients.
Adult↗
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and preexcitation.
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Adult↗
The effect of electrode position on atrial sensing for physiologically responsive cardiac pacemakers.
Fully automatic pacing systems rely on accurate identification of spontaneous atrial signals for physiologically responsive pacing. These signals must be discriminated from far-field ventricular activity, which might otherwise be sensed in the atrium. To amplify on the previously reported superiority of bipolar signals and high-impedance circuitry for atrial sensing, we studied the effects of various intraatrial electrode positions on the atrial and ventricular contribution to electrograms recorded in this chamber. Compared with other intraatrial endocardial sites, right atrial signals were greatest in amplitude and slew rate in the appendage (RAA), averaging 3.3 +/- 0.41 mV and 1.15 +/- 0.16 V/sec (mean +/- SEM), respectively. These values were substantially higher than in the low atrium (p less than 0.001 and 0.0005 for amplitude and slew rate, respectively) and the high lateral atrium (p less than 0.05 for slew rate). Appendage atrial electrograms also had significantly higher amplitude and slew rate than far-field R waves recorded here (p less than 0.0001 for both). Additionally, the greatest difference in spectral content between atrial and far-field ventricular signals was also observed in the RAA. Thus, parameters in the domain of both time and frequency identified the RAA as the superior location for atrial sensing. Except for phrenic nerve problems with pacing, the HRA also appears to be a suitable electrode location for sensing. These considerations are germane in light of a growing number of atrial active and passive fixation leads now being employed for physiologic pacing.
Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
The correlation between plasminogen activator activity and thymidine incorporation in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Opposing actions of colony-stimulating factor, phorbol myristate acetate, dexamethasone and prostaglandin E.
Plasminogen activator activity and [3H]thymidine incorporation were studied in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. The two activities correlated closely in the presence of stimulatory (colony-stimulating factor, phorbol myristate acetate, PMA) and inhibitory (dexamethasone, prostaglandin E1) signals. The actions of dexamethasone and prostaglandin E1 could be overcome by either stimulatory agent, so that the net effect was an alteration in sensitivity of the macrophages to colony-stimulating factor, or PMA. The sensitivity of bone marrow-derived macrophages to CSF-1 was also reduced by the addition of small numbers of CSF-1 unresponsive peritoneal macrophages. Plasminogen activator induction was not a sufficient signal for [3H]thymidine incorporation which requires an additional macromolecular serum component. The serum component was found not to be plasminogen.
Alprostadil↗
The influence of in vitro caffeine treatment on human sperm morphology and fertilizing capacity.
After publication in the literature that in vitro caffeine treatment causes damage of the normal shape of the sperm head and thereby decreases fertilizing capacity, we carried out a clinical and electron microscopic study to determine the influence of caffeine on the fertilizing capacity and sperm cell morphology. Sixty women (with infertile husbands) underwent artificial insemination by donor with frozen/thawed semen over a period of 12 months, using randomized addition of caffeine in alternate months. Fourteen women became pregnant during the 6 months they received caffeine-treated semen, whereas only 7 pregnancies occurred during the 6 months the women received semen without caffeine. Scanning electron microscopic examinations of fresh proven donor semen showed no morphologic changes caused by the in vitro caffeine treatment. However, quantitative morphologic analysis of the frozen/thawed semen was unsatisfactory because of the freezing technique and the masking effect of the protective medium. It is concluded that in vitro caffeine treatment of fertile donor semen does not damage the spermatozoa; furthermore, it seems to improve the fertilizing capacity.
Adult↗
The prostaglandin inhibitor effect of antiinflammatory drugs in the therapy of male infertility.
The effects of various doses of indomethacin and ketoprofen as compared with placebo were examined in 100 oligospermic patients who participated in this study. It was found that the treatment increased sperm count, sperm motility, and fertilizing capacity. The radioimmunoassay examination showed an increase in plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone but a decrease in testosterone. The results show that the influence of indomethacin was better in the dose of 75 mg daily. The mechanism of those changes is not clear. Treatment should be at least 60 days.
Adult↗
Endocrine pathology in spinal cord injured patients on maintenance dialysis.
We studied the histopathological changes of the thyroid, adrenal and parathyroid glands, testes and pancreata in 15 patients with end-stage renal disease associated with long-standing spinal cord injury. All patients were males aged 42.7 +/- 9.4 years and were treated with maintenance haemodialysis for 20.4 +/- 17.7 months. Thyroid amyloidosis was present in eight of 12 glands and was extensive in four and moderate in four. Thyromegaly was noted in five of the glands with amyloid involvement. Of the 30 available adrenal glands, 26 showed amyloid involvement which was extensive in ten and moderate in 16. Of 18 testes examined all exhibited marked atrophy, decreased or absent spermatogenesis and marked peritubular and interstitial fibrosis. Amyloid involvement was also noted in two subjects. Pancreata were examined in 15 subjects with amyloidosis and pancreatitis noted in eight and four glands, respectively. Of the 22 parathyroid glands examined in nine subjects, hyperplasia was noted in 13 glands (four patients) and moderate amyloidosis was noted in six glands (two patients). Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of endocrine organ pathology in dialysis patients with longstanding spinal cord injury. Functional significance of these pathological findings is unclear and requires further investigation.
Adrenal Glands↗
Renal pathology in end-stage renal disease associated with paraplegia.
In the present study we report the renal pathological findings from autopsy material along with relevant clinical data on 21 spinal cord injury patients with end-stage renal disease (SCI-ESRD) treated with maintenance haemodialysis. These data are compared with the relevant clinical and post-mortem findings on 43 ambulatory dialysis patients who expired during the same time period. The SCI-ESRD patients exhibited markedly different clinical and renal histopathological data when compared to the ambulatory--ESRD group. Chronic pyelonephritis and amyloidosis dominated the findings and were the major causes of renal insufficiency. Acute pyelonephritis, papillary necrosis, calculous disease, pyonephrosis and perinephric abscess formation were also more frequently present in the SCI-ESRD patients. Hypertension and nephrosclerosis, which were common findings in the ambulatory--ESRD patients were comparatively rare in the SCI-ESRD patients. In addition, the incidence of acquired cystic disease (ACD) was considerably less in the SCI-ESRD group. Although the reasons for these findings are not entirely clear several possible explanations are given. Infection with gram negative sepsis was the predominant cause of death in the SCI-ESRD patients, while death secondary to cardiovascular disease predominated in the ambulatory-ESRD group. Furthermore, the urinary tract and infected decubitus ulcers were determined to be the major source for sepsis in the SCI patients. From these findings it would follow that more effective prevention and control of these infections would result in not only a lower incidence of renal failure but also a substantially reduced morbidity and mortality in chronic SCI.
Adult↗
The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical localization of antigen F4/80: macrophages of endocrine organs.
Macrophages of endocrine organs have been identified by immunohistochemical localization of the macrophage-specific antigen F4/80. F4/80+ cells line vascular sinuses and capillaries in anterior and posterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, corpus luteum, parathyroid, pineal gland, and islets of Langerhans. In testis approximately 20% of interstitial cells are F4/80+. F4/80+ cells infiltrate corpus luteum in increased numbers during luteolysis.
Adrenal Cortex↗
Prevalence and significance of ventriculoatrial conduction.
Because retrograde atrioventricular conduction may predispose to pacemaker-induced tachycardia when DDD pacing is employed, we assessed ventriculo-atrial conduction in 117 patients undergoing electrophysiologic studies. Ventriculo-atrial conduction was present in 40% with a mean (+/- sem) conduction time of 205 +/- 12 ms. The maximum VA conduction time following minimum extrastimulus intervals averaged 258 +/- 14 ms. Antegrade AV nodal properties predicted VA conduction in only 67% by using stepwise discriminant analysis. Only the PR interval, AH interval, and AV nodal effective refractory periods were helpful in predicting ventriculo-atrial conduction. Although ventriculo-atrial conduction time increased on most antiarrhythmic drugs, it was infrequently eliminated.
Aged↗
Hemorrhage and the products of fibrinogen digestion after intracoronary administration of streptokinase.
Hemorrhage was prospectively identified in 26 of 116 consecutive patients (23%) who were receiving intracoronary streptokinase for occlusive coronary thrombi producing infarction. Bleeding was not influenced by the dose of streptokinase or the method of cardiac catheterization. Before treatment, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were normal in both bleeders and nonbleeders. Fibrinogen levels measured by bioassay after streptokinase (mean +/- SEM) were 62 +/- 29 mg/dl in patients with major bleeding, 111 +/- 26 mg/dl in patients with minor bleeding, and 109 +/- 13 mg/dl in nonbleeders (p = NS). The regression slope b calculated from poststreptokinase fibrinogen time-concentration data in 71 patients was 4.7 mg/dl/hr. However, mean fibrinogen concentrations calculated at sequential 5 hr intervals revealed no net regeneration for the first 20 hr after thrombolysis. The apparent fibrinogen regeneration rate was less than normal (31 mg/kg/day) for more than 10 hr but subsequently increased to 94 +/- 10 mg/kg/day by the second day. The initial apparent latency of fibrinogen regeneration paralleled the sharp rise in fibrinogen degradation products, which began to decline after 20 hr of treatment but remained elevated well into the second day. Because of their anticoagulant effects, these products may interfere with the fibrinogen assay, causing spuriously low results. Thus, whether the early delay in fibrinogen regeneration is real or simply a reflection of the effects of fibrinogen degradation products on the bioassay, it signals the time for caution in initiating systemic heparin therapy.
Blood Coagulation Factors↗
The mononuclear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical localization of antigen F4/80: macrophages of bone and associated connective tissue.
The macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 has been localized in adult mouse bone and connective tissue. F4/80 positive cells form the centre of haemopoietic islands, line the periosteal and subendosteal bone surfaces and are a major component of connective tissue and the synovial membrane (presumptive type A cells). F4/80 is absent from fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts and a subpopulation of synovial lining cells (presumptive type B cells).
Animals↗
Adult respiratory distress syndrome in babesiosis.
A patient is described who contracted transfusion-induced babesiosis, and later developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a fatal complication. ARDS has been reported in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but to our knowledge has not been observed as a complication of babesiosis.
Aged↗
Anomalous results on using an inhibitor method for the determination of pancreatic isoenzymes.
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Amylases↗
Peritoneal dialysis in renal failure associated with spinal cord injury.
Nine patients with chronic renal failure associated with long-standing spinal cord injury were treated with peritoneal dialysis for periods ranging from 3 days to 12 months. Indwelling peritoneal catheters and automated peritoneal dialysis machines were used in the majority of cases. The procedure was generally used as an interim measure while awaiting placement or maturation of the blood access for hemodialysis. Several patients, however, underwent peritoneal dialysis for prolonged periods, including a patient who was on home-peritoneal dialysis for 12 months. The main complications resulting from 653 patient-day treatments consisted of six bouts of peritonitis and a single case of bowel perforation. Azotemia, fluid electrolytes and acid-base status were satisfactorily controlled with peritoneal dialysis. The results were comparable with those obtained during hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis, therefore, appears to be a reasonable alternative to hemodialysis in the management of chronic renal failure in spinal cord injured patients.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Features of residual renal function in end-stage renal failure associated with spinal cord injury.
The characteristics of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) complicating spinal cord injury (SCI) were studied retrospectively in 43 male hemodialysis patients. A control group of male patients dialyzed in the same institution were studied for comparison. The SCI patients had significantly lower serum creatinine concentrations and daily urinary creatinine excretion than the control group, despite comparable creatinine clearances. Therefore, serum creatinine, when compared with the familiar values in non-SCI patients, may greatly underestimate the severity of the renal impairment. Urine output was higher, urine specific gravity lower, and renal glucosuria more common in the SCI patients. 24-hour urinary protein excretion was higher and serum albumin was lower in the SCI patients, with 48% of the patients exhibiting nephrotic range proteinuria. Urine pH was markedly elevated, and pyuria and bacteriuria were present in all SCI patients. Fractional excretion of potassium (159 +/- 16%) exceeded its filtered load in most SCI patients.
Adult↗
Atrial infarction complicating an acute inferior myocardial infarction.
Atrial fibrillation, coronary sinus rhythm, and slow atrial flutter developed in a patient with ECG findings of an acute inferior myocardial infarction. Hemodynamic measurements were suggestive of predominantly right ventricular involvement. A gated cardiac blood pool study demonstrated normal right and left ventricular wall motion with an enlarged, non-contracting right atrium. This led to the antemortem diagnosis of atrial fibrillation.
Aged↗