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Biomedical subjects

S Goldring

Publications and source records attributed to S Goldring.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Comparative study of cerebral cortical potentials associated with voluntary movements in monkey and man.

Eight monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were taught to squeeze and release a handgrip. The movement simulated the brisk squeeze of a hand dynamometer performed by 7 human subjects. Monkey. During the performance of the voluntary movements, slow cortical potentials (motor potentials or MPs) were studied with monopolar, surface bipolar, transcortical and intracortical recordings. A survey of the dorsal expanse of cerebral cortex showed that the contralateral motor hand area, somatosensory hand area and area 6 adjacent to the supplementary motor area became active with movement. MPs also were seen in the motor and somatosensory cortex medial to the hand area, but we concluded that those potentials were probably related to adventitious movements in the arm and leg. That area 6 became active with movement was further verified with extracellular unit recording; the behavior of area 6 units was compared with that recorded from units in the motor hand area. Using simultaneous transcortical recordings a sequence of cortical activation was observed in those areas generating an MP. The motor hand area became active first, followed in turn by area 6 and the somatosensory hand area. The monosynaptic cortico-cortical connections of the motor hand area were studied with autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase techniques and compared to the distribution of the MP. The hand area demonstrated reciprocal connectivity with portions of the somatosensory hand area, the supplementary motor area in area 6 and the cortex adjacent to the intraparietal sulcus. The distribution of the MPs correlated with the connectivity to the supplementary motor and somatosensory areas. Our physiologic studies did not adequately investigate the area adjacent to the intraparietal sulcus. Man. Motor potentials were studied using surface bipolar recordings with closely spaced electrodes (inter-electrode distances 1 cm or 2 cm). Recordings were made directly from the cortex in one subject studied under local anesthesia during an operation for epilepsy, and epidurally in 6 subjects in whom epidural electrode arrays had been inserted for the purpose of localizing an epileptogenic focus. Similar to the findings in the animals, MPs were recorded from the contralateral motor and somatosensory hand area with activity in motor cortex appearing first; area 6 just anterior to the motor hand area probably also generated a response. In addition, a locally generated potential not seen in monkey was recorded anterior to area 6. This difference in response distribution is viewed as possibly relating to the different significance which the seemingly comparable hand movements have for the animal and human subjects. No response was seen in motor and somatosensory hand area with ipsilateral movements. We have no information for the anteriorly recorded response with ipsilateral movement.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Intracellular marking with lucifer yellow CH and horseradish peroxidase of cells electrophysiologically characterized as glia in the cerebral cortex of the cat.

Intracellular microelectrodes filled with either Lucifer Yellow CH, a highly florescent dye, or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were used to electrophysiologically characterize and mark cells in the cerebral cortex of cat. Fifty-eight cells, characterized electrophysiologically as glia, were marked with Lucifer Yellow CH. All were identified as protoplasmic astrocytes, and included cells in the glia limitans of the molecular layer. An additional 54 cells, similarly characterized as glia, were labeled with HRP. The results were the same; only protoplasmic astrocytes were labeled. The "staining quality" of the glia labeled with HRP was superior to that of cells injected with Lucifer Yellow; greater lengths of individual processes were revealed, and they could often be followed to blood vessels where they ended on the walls of vessels with expanded perivascular end-feet. The observations indicate that the many previously reported studies on presumed glial cells in the cat cerebral cortex have characterized the behavior of protoplasmic astrocytes. Neurons were also marked during these experiments. The "staining" quality of the Lucifer Yellow filled neurons was excellent; dendritic spines, axons, and axon collaterals were clearly visible. These fine neuronal details were not as well revealed after HRP labeling. High resting membrane potentials (RMP's) were not a prerequisite for obtaining well-marked neurons (mean RMP of Lucifer Yellow filled neurons was -33.6 mV; mean RMP of HRP filled neurons was 42.3 mV). In contrast, the mean RMPs of Lucifer Yellow and HRP marked glia was -68 Mv and -75 mV respectively, and the quality of "staining" appeared to be more closely related to the RMP.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A method for surgical management of focal epilepsy, especially as it relates to children.

A method of surgical management for intractable epilepsy is described. The essential features are: 1) all surgical manipulation is carried out under general, rather than local, anesthesia; 2) the sensorimotor region is readily identified in the anesthetized patient by recording cortical sensory evoked responses; and 3) the epileptogenic focus is localized by extraoperative electrocorticography via indwelling epidural electrode arrays, localization deriving from recordings made during spontaneously occuring clinical seizures. Cases are presented to demonstrate that: 1) in some instances, recording of sensory evoked responses is the only means of sensorimotor localization in both the awake and anesthetized patient, and 2) spontaneous and electrically induced electroencephalographic seizure activity may provide false localization of the focus, the correct localization requiring recordings made during spontaneous clinical seizures. The outcome of surgery and the various epileptogenic lesions encountered are described. A good result has been achieved in 61% of patients followed 1 to 10 years. When the results obtained in children are analyzed alone, 70% have benefited from surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Human motor cortex: sensory input data from single neuron recordings.

Recordings were made from single neurons in the hand area of the human motor cortex while peripheral physiologic stimuli were applied. Such cells responded only to active and passive hand movements. Tactile and autditory (click) stimuli were itneffective. The majority of cells were activated only by movements of the contralateral hand, but a significant number (4 of 16) could be excited if a given movement was made by either hand. Of the cells responding to active movement, some showed an increased discharge before onset of the voluntary action. Such cells were excited by the same movement executed passively, a result that indicates sensory feedback from receptors activated by that movement.

Action Potentials↗