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Biomedical subjects

S Goldman

Publications and source records attributed to S Goldman.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sucrose polyester in hypercholesterolemic outpatients.

Sucrose polyester (SPE) was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 91 outpatients with primary hypercholesterolemia. All patients maintained an isocaloric diet with cholesterol intake of 400 mg/day and a polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio of 0.8 to 1.2 for the duration of the study. The study sequence consisted of a diet lead-in period, a first 8-wk treatment period, a 4-wk washout period, and a second 8-wk treatment period. Subjects were randomly assigned to six groups that differed by SPE dose (8, 16, and 32 g/day) and by the treatment period in which either SPE or an olive oil placebo was given in a bread spread formulation. Compared to placebo, the 8, 16, and 32 g/day doses of SPE decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 2%, 4% (p less than 0.05), and 5% (p less than 0.05) respectively, without changing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. On SPE, 14/91 (15%) of the subjects experienced a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol greater than or equal to 10%, while only 2/91 (2%) showed this decrease with placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunochemical identification of the major cell surface agglutinogen of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-92.

The immunochemical and immunocytochemical characteristics of three Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG strains were compared in order to clarify the relationship between antibody-induced agglutination and the production of polyanionic extracellular emulsifier (termed emulsan). In addition to the parent, RAG-92, two mutant strains were examined: (1) a non-agglutinating emulsan-producer (AB15), and (2) an agglutinating mutant (16TLU) defective in the production of emulsan. A combined genetic-immunochemical approach was employed. This included the comparison of crossed immunoelectrophoresis patterns of parent and mutant supernates and the effect of absorption of anti-whole cell antiserum with mutant cells. In addition, agglutinability and competition studies were performed as well as electron microscopic cytochemistry. The results demonstrated that three major antigenic components were associated with the cell surface and the supernate. Mutant cells were altered both in their cell surface properties and in their extracellular products. One antigenic component, termed component C3, was the major cell surface agglutinogen; this component was absent in non-agglutinating mutants. Component C3 may be identical with or attached to the 300 nm projections on the parent cell surface, but it is not directly related to the presence of emulsan. It appears that emulsan plays little or no role in the phenomenon of antibody-induced agglutination of this organism.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1983

Effect of the ouabain-quinidine interaction on left ventricular and left atrial function in conscious dogs.

The effect of the ouabain-quinidine interaction was examined in 10 conscious dogs. Left ventricular (LV) pressure, LV dP/dt, LV diameter and left atrial (LA) diameter were measured with high-fidelity micromanometers and sonomicrometer crystals. Ouabain, 0.025 mg/kg, significantly (p less than 0.05) increased LV dP/dt, LV and LA fractional shortening and LV and LA velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf). In a separate experiment, quinidine was administered as a bolus dose, 3.85 mg/kg, followed by an infusion, 0.28 mg/kg/min. This resulted in steady-state quinidine concentrations that produced no change in wall motion or hemodynamics. When ouabain was given 1 hour into the quinidine infusion, only LV dP/dt increased significantly (p less than 0.05). Ouabain alone increased LV dP/dt 26.4 +/- 3.5%, whereas ouabain during the quinidine infusion increased it by 9.5 +/- 2.3%. Similar differences were seen in the responses to ouabain in the absence and presence of quinidine: LV Vcf, 22.4 +/- 4.9% vs 6.0 +/- 2.1%, LV fractional shortening, 23.1 +/- 4.6% vs 5.8 +/- 2.1%, LA Vcf, 22.7 +/- 5.9 vs 4.6 +/- 2.0% and LA fractional shortening, 21.8 +/- 7% vs 7.8 +/- 3.3%. Thus, in the presence of quinidine the increase in intropy usually seen with ouabain was markedly attenuated. These data suggest that the quinidine-induced increase in digoxin serum concentrations is accompanied by a decrease in the contractile response of the heart to digoxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The effect of pulmonary hypertension on systolic function of the right ventricle.

This study sought to determine if the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) could be used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension noninvasively. The right ventricular ejection fraction was measured with gated blood pool radionuclide ventriculography and compared to hemodynamic measurements made within 48 hours in 57 subjects. There was a significant inverse relationship between the RVEF and pulmonary artery pressure (r = .57, p less than .001) and the sensitivity of RVEF greater than .45 in diagnosing pulmonary hypertension was .76. Other significant determinants of right ventricular function, including right coronary disease, left ventricular function and tricuspid regurgitation, were also considered.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1983

[Histiocytosis X--a comparative 2-country study of East Germany and Yugoslavia].

In a retrospective study 25 patients with histologically confirmed histiocytosis X were investigated in the GDR and in Yugoslavia. No differences between the clinical course was observed in the two countries. The disease was found somewhat more frequent in men, and relative to age groups the age group 18-39 prevailed. Only one fourth of the patients were detected by radiophotography. Lung function was impaired in 2/3 of the patients. In the lung radiogramm reticular and micronodular changes predominated at the beginning of the disease while cystic lesions appeared in late stages of the disease. The diagnosis was established on the basis of biopsy (most often transthoracic lung biopsy) and pathohistologic examination. The course of the disease was unfavourable because of the 18 observed patients 3 died and in 6 progression of the disease was noted on average within several years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cholinergic-sympathetic interactions in the left atrium and left ventricle of conscious dogs.

The extent of cholinergic-sympathetic interaction in the heart was examined in the resting control state and after isoproterenol stimulation in eight conscious dogs. Sonomicrometer crystals and solid-state pressure transducers were implanted in the left atrium and the left ventricle to evaluate mechanical function while heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing. Edrophonium (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) was given as a single dose at rest and during increased sympathetic tone produced by continuous infusion of isoproterenol (0.08 micrograms/kg/min). In the control state, edrophonium administration caused no change in left ventricular dP/dt, fractional shortening or velocity of contraction, but produced significant (P less than .001) decreases in left atrial fractional shortening and contraction velocity. During isoproterenol infusion there were significant increases in dP/dt, the velocity of contraction and fractional shortening in both left atrium and ventricle (P less than .001). Administration of edrophonium during this increase in inotropic state produced significant (P less than .01) decreases in left ventricular dP/dt, fractional shortening and contraction velocity. Moreover, after edrophonium, left atrial fractional shortening and velocity of contraction were decreased to values that were significantly (P less than .001) less than control. Thus, cholinergic stimulation caused selective depression of left atrial systolic function at rest and depression of both left atrial and ventricular function during sympathetic stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

High predictive accuracy for detection of left main coronary artery disease by antilog signal processing of two-dimensional echocardiographic images.

Two-dimensional echocardiography has been used to image the left main coronary artery. We have successfully imaged the left main coronary artery in 16 of 19 patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) and in 14 of 18 control patients using a dynamically focused 3-1/2 MHz experimental phased array sector scanner. Images were displayed with standard logarithmic compression grey scale allocation and with a modified antilog curve which enhances high intensity echoes. All of the 16 patients with LMCAD were identified from the antilog processed image. Only 1 of the 18 control patients had a false positive study. Modified antilog processed images provide high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (93%) for detecting LMCAD. This noninvasive technique could be used to screen patients for the presence or absence of LMCAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Emulsan in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1: Distribution of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated Cross-Reacting Material.

Emulsan is an extracellular polymeric bioemulsifier produced by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1. Antibodies prepared against purified emulsan inhibited the activity of the polymer in a standard emulsification test. These antibodies were used to develop a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to monitor changes in cell-free emulsan throughout the growth cycle. This assay was also used to detect emulsan associated with the cell surface and to monitor changes in the distribution of cell-free and cell-associated emulsan throughout the growth cycle. Cells in the early exponential phase exhibited relatively large amounts of cell-associated emulsan which decreased rapidly between the midexponential and early stationary phases. This drop in cell-associated material was accompanied by a rise in the concentration of extracellular polymer. Moreover, in agreement with previous results (C. Rubinovitz, D. L. Gutnick, and E. Rosenberg, manuscript in press), production of cell-free emulsan was enhanced in the presence of chloramphenicol. The release of this material from the cell surface in the presence of chloramphenicol apparently involved the synthesis of cell-associated cross-reacting material since the relative amount of such cell-bound polymer remained constant during the treatment with the drug.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Increased regional myocardial perfusion after intracoronary papaverine in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting.

The objective of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is to increase blood flow to ischemic areas of the myocardium. To determine if this was achieved, anterior wall myocardial perfusion was measured at rest and during intracoronary papaverine (5 mg), with the use of xenon-133 washout in 35 patients. Twelve control patients had no significant diameter narrowing (0% to 25%) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), 13 patients had greater than 50% narrowing of the LAD, and 10 patients had greater than 50% narrowing of the LAD with patent saphenous vein bypass grafts to the LAD. There was no significant difference in age. LVEDP, and global ejection fraction among the patients. There was no significant difference in anterior wall myocardial perfusion at rest between control subjects (61.0 +/- 3.7 ml/min/100 gm) and non-CABG LAD patients (60.2 +/- 5.4 ml/min/100 gm), or CABG LAD patients (63.4 +/- 4.8 ml/min/100 gm). After coronary arteriolar vasodilatation with papaverine, anterior wall perfusion increased in the CABG patients to 140.6 +/- 6.8 ml/min/100 gm. This was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than the increase in the non-CABG LAD patients (72.8 +/- 8.1 ml/min/100 gm) but not different from the increase in the control subjects (145.3 +/- 8.4 ml/min/100 gm). In three cases, the same patients were studied before and after CABG with identical results. These data indicate that in patients with coronary disease, increases in myocardial perfusion are limited by the resistance of the proximal stenosis independent of vasodilatation distal to the stenosis. After successful CABG, the patent vein graft restores control of myocardial perfusion to the arteriolar bed.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1982

Effects of verapamil on positive inotropic stimulation in the left atrium and ventricle of conscious dogs.

The interaction of verapamil with three known positive inotropic stimuli, ouabain, dopamine and postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP), was studied in 10 conscious dogs. Implanted sonomicrometer crystals and solid state pressure transducers were used to evaluate left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) function while heart rate was held constant by atrial pacing. Ouabain (0.025 mg/kg) and dopamine (3-5 micrograms/kg/min) were administered in amounts sufficient to increase LV dP/dt by about 20%. PESP was achieved by using a programmed stimulator to introduce atrial premature beats. Each of these inotropic interventions caused significant (P less than .05) increases in LV dp/dt, LV fractional shortening, LA fractional shortening LV-velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf) and LA-Vcf. Administration of a single i.v. dose of verapamil (0.03 mg/kg) caused no change in base-line mechanical and hemodynamic parameters. However, when verapamil was given during the increased inotropic state resulting from ouabain or dopamine administration, significant (P less than .05) decreases occurred in LV dP/dt, LV fractional shortening, LA fractional shortening, LV-Vcf and LA-VCf. Verapamil did not alter the positive inotropic response to PESP in the LV or LA. Thus, a dose of verapamil that did not change resting indices of myocardial contractility depressed function significantly during positive inotropic responses to ouabain and dopamine. This negative inotropic effect seemed to be selective because verapamil did not alter the response to PESP.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Sarcoidosis in children in East Germany compared to its frequency in the Yugoslavian Socialist Republic].

Sarcoidosis in children is very rare. Especially asymptomatic cases are scarcely known. Sometimes extrapulmonary cases are found. These need a therapy with cortisone derivates. The danger of a false diagnosis is very high if it is based only on a X-ray film. A histological examination seems important. The cooperation between pediatrician and pneumologist is considered as important especially when the grown up patients pass on from pediatric care to the supervision of the pneumologist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol in conscious euthyroid and thyrotoxic calves: dosage requirements and effects on heart rate and left ventricular performance.

The effects of acute beta adrenergic blockade were studied in nine calves which had been instrumented with sonomicrometer crystals and pressure transducers before and after treatment with thyroxine (200 micrograms/kg) for 14 days. The adequacy of beta adrenergic blockade was determined using graded doses of isoproterenol. The results indicated that beta adrenergic blockade had no significant effect on heart rate, left ventricular dimensions or contractile performance in either thyroid state. However, the average dose of propranolol required to achieve beta adrenergic blockade was increased two to three times by thyroxine treatment. Consequently, the kinetics of propranolol disposition were determined in nine animals after a single i.v. dose of the drug. Also, propranolol was administered to four animals by continuous i.v. infusions at graded dosages to produce a range of serum concentrations in each animal. The amount of isoproterenol required to increase the heart rate by 25 beats/min was determined at each dosage level. It was found that in thyrotoxic animals two to three times higher serum propranolol concentrations were required to block challenge doses of isoproterenol. This could not be explained by changes in the disposition of propranolol. The possibility that there are larger numbers of functionally inactive (uncoupled) beta adrenergic receptors in thyrotoxic myocardium is discussed.

Animals↗