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Biomedical subjects

S Godfrey

Publications and source records attributed to S Godfrey.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Comparison of the single breath and volume recruitment techniques in the measurement of total respiratory compliance in anesthetized infants and children.

Total respiratory compliance (Crs) has not previously been measured from the static pressure-volume (P-V) curve during spontaneous breathing in anesthesized infants and children. A single breath test and a volume recruitment maneuver for measuring Crs were applied to 18 infants and children breathing spontaneously during halothane anesthesia in order to determine the usefulness and reliability of these noninvasive tests for measuring static compliance during anesthesia. Crs from the single breath test (Crssb) was determined from the mask pressure plateau (P) during a brief end-inspiratory airway occlusion and the lung volume (V) from the passive expiration following release of the occlusion. Crs from the volume recruitment maneuver (Crsvr) was determined from P and V during a series of expiratory occlusions at progressively higher lung volumes. The P-V curves fit a polynomial curve with the convexity toward the pressure axis in most patients, and Crsvr was the tangent to the curve in the mid-tidal range. The tallest four patients did not show respiratory muscle relaxation during the occlusions with either test, and the single breath test could not be completed in an additional two patients. In the 12 patients (59-89 cm in height) in whom both tests were successful, Crssb correlated with, and was similar to, Crsvr. The intrasubject coefficient of variation was less with the single breath test (9.4 +/- 6.7%) than with the volume recruitment maneuver (15.0 +/- 7.1%). The authors conclude that both tests are simple, reliable, and rapid and give similar results for Crs in spontaneously breathing children (59-89 cm in height) anesthetized with halothane.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

Differential lung function in an infant with the Swyer-James syndrome.

A previously healthy two year old boy had an adenoviral infection at the age of 13 months and developed hyperlucency of the left lung, chronic respiratory distress, and failure to thrive. Bronchodilators and steroid treatment had no effect. Radionuclide lung scans using an intravenous bolus of xenon-133 both before and after treatment showed substantially reduced function on the hyperlucent side and modestly reduced function on the other side. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy showed no structural abnormalities. Partial forced expiratory flow volume (PEFV) curves, generated from end inspiration by rapid compression of the chest wall with an inflatable jacket, were obtained from the total respiratory system and from each lung separately by inflating a Fogarty catheter in the contralateral mainstem bronchus. Expiratory flow rates and volumes during both tidal breathing and PEFV manoeuvres were considerably decreased in the hyperlucent lung. PEFV curves from the "healthy" right lung and from the total respiratory system were similar in shape and showed a moderately obstructive pattern. The right lung ventilated about four times as much as the left when measured by bronchospirometry and about three times as much when measured by the radionuclide technique. The lung scans appeared to reflect adequately the functional abnormality in this infant with the Swyer-James syndrome.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Immediate effect of various treatments on lung function in infants with cystic fibrosis.

The immediate effect of four different modes of treatment was assessed by lung function tests on 19 infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) during the first year of life. The regimens were applied in a randomized fashion and consisted of aerosol inhalation of salbutamol (n = 8; SAL), aerosol inhalation of N-acetyl cysteine (n = 5; AC), chest physiotherapy (n = 6; CPT), and combined treatment with aerosol inhalation of SAL and AC followed by CPT (n = 6; COMB). Pulmonary function was measured before and shortly after therapy with each mode of treatment. Thoracic gas volume (Vtg) and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were measured by an infant whole body plethysmograph, and forced expiratory flow at resting lung volume (VmaxFRC) was determined with a thoraco-abdominal squeeze jacket. There was no correlation between baseline lung function and changes in any parameter due to treatment. Overall group comparison showed that the combined therapy resulted in a significant improvement in lung function when compared to any of the three treatments applied separately. There was no significant change in lung volumes in any individual group, but SGaw and VmaxFRC showed a small but significant improvement following the COMB treatment when compared with AC or CPT.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1989

Isodisomy of chromosome 7 in a patient with cystic fibrosis: could uniparental disomy be common in humans?

Maternal isodisomy for chromosome 7 was observed in a 4-year-old cystic fibrosis patient with very short stature. In an examination of 11 DNA polymorphisms spanning the entire length of chromosome 7, no paternal contribution could be shown in seven informative loci. Paternity was examined with probes for five polymorphic loci on the Y chromosome, for the pseudo beta-globin locus on chromosome 11 and by Jeffreys's hypervariable probes. The results with the latter gave a probability of 3.7 x 10(-9) for nonpaternity. Chromosomal examination revealed a centromeric heteromorphism of chromosome 7 in the mother, for which the proband was homozygous. Isodisomy of the patient was thus shown for the entire length of a maternal chromosome 7. The mechanisms leading to this isodisomy involve at least two events of abnormal cell division, events that may be meiotic, postzygotic, or both. This proband is the second reported maternal isodisomy; both were detected through homozygosity for CF. Both patients had short stature, which could have been caused by parental imprinting, since similar results have been observed in isodisomic mice. Homozygosity due to uniparental descent in man should be kept in mind as a mechanism for recessive disorders, especially for chromosome 7.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Necrotizing tracheobronchitis following mechanical ventilation of the newborn.

Mechanical ventilation of newborn infants with respiratory distress is associated with diverse pathology of the lung. Recent reports have focused on a distinct lesion pattern of the tracheobronchial system--necrotizing tracheobronchitis. While many advanced cases of the disease proved fatal secondary to airway obstruction, others were successfully treated by removal of the occlusion. We describe two neonates with necrotizing tracheobronchitis, one of whom had a complete occlusion of the right main stem bronchus that was relieved by curettage during bronchoscopic examination.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1988

Un-health promotion: results of a survey of alcohol promotion on television.

To estimate how widely and to whom alcoholic drinks are promoted 1258 television advertisements were studied over a 10 week period that included the Christmas and New Year holidays in 1986-7. A total of 156 advertisements (12%) promoted alcohol, and this percentage increased significantly over the holiday period to 17%. These advertisements were longer than those advertising other products, and just over half (56%) occupied the first position in commercial breaks. During sports programmes and between the hours of 1800 and 1900 there was an increase in the number of advertisements for alcohol, but there was no difference before and after 2100. It was found that the extent and influence of the promotion of alcohol were great and that such advertising is seen by many children and adolescents.

Advertising↗
PubMed1988

Drive and timing components of respiration in young children following induction of anaesthesia with halothane or ketamine.

Timing and drive components of respiration were studied in 18 young children following induction of anaesthesia with ketamine and were compared with results from ten children following induction of anaesthesia with halothane. During one minute of quiet breathing, signals from a pneumotachograph attached to the anaesthetic mask were analysed for tidal volume (Vt), respiratory frequency (f), minute volume (Ve), inspiratory and expiratory times (Ti, Te) and flow pattern. Following induction of anaesthesia with ketamine, children breathed more slowly and deeply than children receiving halothane, but there was no significant difference in Ve or in Vt/Ti, suggesting that respiratory drive was similar in the two groups of children. In the children receiving ketamine, Ti was more than twice as long, and thus the ratio Ti/Te was significantly increased, in comparison with the group receiving halothane. In addition to the prolonged Ti in the children induced with ketamine, there was a more rapid increase in volume in early inspiration than in late inspiration, which is an apneustic breathing pattern. There was a slower decrease in volume in early expiration, with occasional early expiratory breath holding lasting up to three seconds, in the ketamine-induced children. The unique breathing pattern demonstrated with ketamine, consisting of large Vt, increased Ti/Te ratio, apneustic inspiratory pattern, and expiratory braking, contributed to an increased mean lung volume above functional residual capacity, of 2.40 ml.kg-1 body weight, in comparison to 1.27 ml.kg-1 in the children receiving halothane.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗