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Biomedical subjects

S Glickman

Publications and source records attributed to S Glickman.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Bowel dysfunction in spinal-cord-injury patients.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, nature, and effects--both physical and psychological--of spinal-cord-injury (SCI) on bowel function. METHODS: 115 consecutive hospital outpatients (89 male, median age 38 years) with chronic SCI (median duration 62 months, range 9-491 months, 48% cervical, 47% thoracic, 5% lumbar) completed a questionnaire about pre and post injury bowel function, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and self assessment of the impact of their disabilities and symptoms. FINDINGS: Nausea, diarrhoea, constipation, and fecal incontinence were all much more common (p<0.0001) after SCI. 95% of patients required at least one therapeutic method to initiate defaecation. Half the patients became dependent on others for toileting. 49% took more than 30 min to complete their toilet procedure. Bowel function was a source of distress in 54% of patients and this was significantly (p=0.005) associated with the time required for bowel management and frequency of incontinence (p=0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the HADS scores and the time taken for bowel management. On a scale of 0 (for no perceived problem) to 10 (maximum perceived problem), patients rated their loss of mobility as a mean of 6.8 (SD 3.3) and their bowel management as 5.1 (SD 3.6). INTERPRETATION: Bowel function is a major physical and psychological problem in SCI patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Mapping striate and extrastriate visual areas in human cerebral cortex.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to identify and map the representation of the visual field in seven areas of human cerebral cortex and to identify at least two additional visually responsive regions. The cortical locations of neurons responding to stimulation along the vertical or horizontal visual field meridia were charted on three-dimensional models of the cortex and on unfolded maps of the cortical surface. These maps were used to identify the borders among areas that would be topographically homologous to areas V1, V2, V3, VP, and parts of V3A and V4 of the macaque monkey. Visually responsive areas homologous to the middle temporal/medial superior temporal area complex and unidentified parietal visual areas were also observed. The topography of the visual areas identified thus far is consistent with the organization in macaque monkeys. However, these and other findings suggest that human and simian cortical organization may begin to differ in extrastriate cortex at, or beyond, V3A and V4.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Investing: reducing risks to enhance returns.

The financial assets of a healthcare organization can present many opportunities for investment. In order to develop a profitable investment program that avoids risky speculation, however, healthcare financial managers must fully understand the nature and risks of their organizations' investments. They must define and monitor their investment objectives, limitations, levels of acceptable risk and policies and conditions through a statement of investment policy and comprehensive investment guidelines.

Financial Audit↗
PubMed1995

Intravesical atropine and suppression of detrusor hypercontractility in the neuropathic bladder. A preliminary study.

Twelve patients with detrusor hypercontractility secondary to spinal cord lesions were treated with intravesical atropine sulphate. Five patients expelled the solution almost immediately. In the seven patients who retained the solution the cystometric capacity increased by a mean of 301 ml (P < 0.01). The volume at which an unstable contraction occurred increased by a mean of 190 ml (P < 0.05) and the volume at which a urinary leak occurred increased by a mean of 297 ml (P < 0.05). The maximum hyperreflexic detrusor contraction pressure was reduced by a mean of 24 cm water (P < 0.05). No significant reduction in end fill pressure or compliance was observed though the increase in compliance approached significance. No side effects were observed and no differences were observed in pupillary reactions, blood pressure or pulse after the instillation of atropine.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1988

Radionuclide evaluation of liver transplants.

Orthotopic liver transplantation is now an established technique for treating patients with various forms of end stage liver disease. The number of centers performing the procedure is increasing and, as the number of transplant recipients in the population increases, many institutions performing nuclear medicine studies will be confronted with requests to evaluate these patients. While a variety of radionuclides are proving useful in this evaluation, the 99mTc iminodiacetic acid (IDA) compounds, particularly 99mTc diisopropyl IDA (DISIDA), will probably account for the majority of radionuclide evaluations of these patients because they are well suited to monitor both structural and functional changes of the graft. The primary application of radionuclide studies is focused in the postoperative period, when problems with the vascular and biliary anastomoses, rejection, infections, and bile leaks all produce alterations in radionuclide hepatobiliary studies. Abnormalities such as rejection and infection produce primarily functional, rather than structural changes and are not easily differentiated based upon the kinetics of 99mTc-DISIDA extraction and excretion by the liver, serial imaging and correlation with clinical data is necessary in such situations. Quantitative analyses of kinetic 99mTc IDA (DISIDA) studies and quantitative approaches with other compounds such as 99mTc galactosyl-neoglycoalbumin (NGA) may permit better assessments of relatively subtle changes in liver function in the posttransplant period.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Optimum processing protocols for volume determination of the liver and spleen from SPECT imaging with technetium-99m sulfur colloid.

A study of the effects of processing parameters on the determination of liver and spleen volume from SPECT data was performed. A method for volume determination using a threshold algorithm was calibrated against phantoms and applied to 60 patient studies. Good reproducibility was found using different projections and computing the volume on separate days. Variations of the measured volumes with the threshold value, reconstruction filter cutoff frequency and attenuation correction were investigated. Reconstruction parameters producing best image quality were also determined. A threshold of 25% of the maximum value in the organ was determined from phantom studies. Changes of 1% around this value yielded changes of 2-3% in the computed volume. No significant change was noted as cutoff frequencies varied between 0.4 and 0.85 of Nyquist (0.031 to 0.066 cycles/cm) for a third order Butterworth filter. Attenuation correction produced a decrease of 9% and 6% in liver and spleen measured volume respectively. Best image quality was obtained with 0.4 Nyquist (0.031 cycles/cm) cutoff frequency for third order Butterworth filter and attenuation correction. It is concluded that optimal parameters must be determined for any processing protocol, and must then be adhered to in future applications to insure clinical accuracy, especially those parameters demonstrating the most quantitative and qualitative sensitivity.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Short "Z" bunionectomy.

The short "Z" bunionectomy is a through-and-through head osteotomy that offers the surgeon good stability and can correct not only the intermetatarsal angle but also the proximal articular set angle with minimal shortening.

Adolescent↗