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Biomedical subjects

S Gilman

Publications and source records attributed to S Gilman.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Optical method for measurement of ear canal length.

A noninvasive optical method using an operating microscope was developed to measure the length of an ear canal under both open and occluded conditions. The method is based on the optical measurement of the distance between a reference point at the eardrum and a second point on the lateral aspect of an earmold-occluded ear canal. To estimate the occluded canal length, the length of the earmold is then subtracted from results of the previous measurement. The method was also used to determine the open ear canal length (the lateral reference point was the ear canal entrance), and averaged results agreed closely with previously reported data.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Not Available].

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History, Ancient↗
PubMed1984

A probe earmold system for measuring eardrum SPL under hearing-aid conditions.

A miniature probe-microphone assembly for use with earmolds was developed to measure the sound pressure level (SPL) of a signal at the eardrum under hearing-aid conditions. The probe-earmold (PE) system was designed with the earmold as an integral part of the acoustic measurement system so that no part of the probe itself projects into the ear canal. Data obtained during a previous investigation with an ear simulator indicated that the PE system could be used to measure eardrum SPL accurately (+/- 3 dB) up to 6.0 kHz. In the current investigation, a behavioral experiment was conducted to validate the accuracy of the PE system on human ears. Comparisons were made between pure-tone thresholds obtained with a conventional earphone and those measured by the PE system using a hearing-aid receiver into an earmold-occluded ear. The basis for the study was the premise that the estimates of the eardrum SPL obtained from pure-tone thresholds are equivalent when the thresholds are determined by sound generated by an earphone into an unobstructed ear or by a hearing aid receiver into an earmold-occluded ear. Results of the study showed no statistically significant differences between the thresholds as determined by the two procedures confirming the simulator data. These results on human ears, together with the physical measurements in a simulator, suggest that the PE system can be used to measure eardrum SPL up to 6.0 kHz in an occluded ear.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1983

A densitometer for quantitative autoradiography.

A low cost spot densitometer system is described. This system is useful for quantitative autoradiography of local cerebral glucose utilization, blood flow, receptor binding and other applications requiring densitometry on films. The densitometer can be used alone or interfaced to a microcomputer. The densitometer consists of a photographic enlarger, a digital multimeter, and the densitometer electronics. We have described how to construct, test and use the densitometer and how to interface the densitometer to a microcomputer. The advantages of this system are: (1) the ability to enlarge the image for accurate measurements from 'small' areas; (2) a completely unobscured image during measurement; (3) low cost and (4) ease of use.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Glutamate or aspartate as a possible neurotransmitter of cerebral corticofugal fibers in the monkey.

We measured high affinity glutamate uptake in subcortical projection sites of monkey (Macaca fascicularis) 8 weeks after unilateral ablation of Brodmann's areas 4 and 6. Uptake decreased ipsilateral to the lesion in ventrolateral nucleus of thalamus, caudate nucleus, and pons. Uptake also decreased contralateral to the lesion in cervical and lumbar spinal cord. These results suggest that L-glutamate (or possibly L-aspartate) is a neurotransmitter of corticofugal fibers in primate.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Responses of fastigial single neural units to transfolial electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex in the cat.

In anesthetized cats, we recorded the responses of single neural units in the fastigial nucleus to electrical stimulation of the posterior vermal surface of the cerebellar cortex. Stimulus frequencies of 0.3 Hz, 10 Hz, and 200 Hz were used and the responses were similar at each frequency. Two principal responses were found: suppression-activation sequences and suppression followed by return to baseline. The former were found in the caudal portions of the nucleus and the latter along with the majority of nonresponsive units were found in the rostral portions. An area of overlap was found in the central portion of the nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect of occluded ear impedances on the eardrum SPL produced by hearing aids.

The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effect of eardrum and earmold impedance on eardrum sound pressure level (SPL) produced by a hearing aid receiver. Acoustic interactions between receivers and ears occurring at receiver resonances were explored and analyzed. Results with ear simulators showed that the effect of simulator eardrum impedance was increased in regions where ear and receiver impedance approached each other during resonances. Earmold acoustics were also significant factors at frequencies where their impedance were comparable to ear impedances. Resonant frequency shifts of 540 Hz in the region between 800 and 1500 Hz were observed for the range of simulator eardrum and earmold impedances employed, with SPL changes of 10 dB occurring at some frequencies. Results were different for each of the five receivers tested confirming the effect of the receiver characteristics on the eardrum SPL. A subsequent test was performed using real ears with results that agreed substantially with those obtained with the simulators.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1980

Factors influencing access to primary health care via school health services.

The school health and community primary health care contacts were studied for a group of elementary school children who have sociodemographic characteristics often associated with poor access to primary health services. The school system is engaged in a demonstration project that attempts to link the home with community and school services. Visits to the school health room accounted for 85% of all contacts. A visit rate of 1.13 visits/child/year occurred at primary care sites. Ethnicity is the single most important predictor of use of school health services, followed by family status and number of visits for primary health care in the community. In contrast, use of community primary care facilities is best predicted by socioeconomic status (SES), family status, and sex. The patterns of care received by the population were characterized. Children whose care was initiated, referred, or facilitated by the school were designated as receiving "interactive" care, which occurred mostly among minority and lower SES children. The data suggest that the school provides access to preventive health care for all children and facilitates care for segments of the population that usually have difficulty achieving access to the health care system.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Vestibular, auditory, and somatic input to the posterior thalamus of the cat.

The responses of 157 neural units in the magnocellular (mc) and parvocellular (pc) components of the medial geniculate nucleus (MG) and other nuclei of the posterior (PO) thalamic group were recorded and analyzed. Units were tested for a response to electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve, natural auditory and electrical cochlear nerve stimulation, and natural stimulation of joint, muscle, and cutaneous receptors of the limbs, trunk, and neck (somatic stimulation). Only 45% of the units responded to these stimuli. Twenty-four percent of the responsive units were multimodal, responding to more than one stimulus. All multimodal units were activated by auditory stimuli. More units responding to vestibular stimulation were found in mcMG than in pcMG or other components of the PO group. Potentials evoked by vestibular nerve stimulation were recorded in all 3 regions with latencies of 5--25 msec. No evidence was found for a thalamic relay from vestibular nerve to cortex in the area investigated, since the recorded latency for activity from vestibular nerve stimulation was longer than the latency of responses recorded in the cortex. This region of the thalamus appears to be important for reception of auditory information and integration with vestibular and somatic modalities.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

Generalizability and durability of treatment effects in an intervention program for coronary-prone (Type A) managers.

To test the reliability and durability of positive treatment effects obtained in a type A intervention project for healthy managers, the analysis was extended to data available from a third treatment group (a special behavior therapy group for participants eliminated from the main sample because of manifestations of clinical CHD) and to measures obtained 6 months following the end of treatment. Immediately after treatment all three groups showed a similar pattern of improvement, although the two behavior therapy groups did show a greater decrease in serum cholesterol levels. Six months after treatment the sample as a whole showed good maintenance of treatment effects, but the differences between groups had become somewhat sharper, with the special behavior therapy group faring best, the regular behavior therapy group intermediate, and the psychotherapy group worst. The logical consistency of these findings increases our confidence in the initial treatment results, as well as permitting cautious optimism concerning the possibility of developing effective intervention programs for coronary-type (type A) behavior.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1979

Effects of exercise stress on parotid gland secretion.

Parotid secretion of alpha-amylase and potassium (K+) was determined in young adults following intense exercise. Exercise stress led to a significant elevation in alpha-amylase and K+ secretion, indicating an activation of adrenergic receptors supplying the parotid gland. Evidence of circadian variation or adaptation over days was not found.

Adult↗