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Biomedical subjects

S Giannini

Publications and source records attributed to S Giannini.

154 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of clinical and biomechanical factors on the results of valgus high tibial osteotomy.

The results of the surgical treatment of valgus high tibial osteotomy were studied based on clinical and radiographic assessment and gait-analysis in 21 patients affected with arthrotic varus knee. Although tibial osteotomy has been in use for some time now, the reasons for its frequent failure are still not fully understood. A statistical analysis of the clinical and biomechanical parameters taken into account in this study have shown that hypercorrection in valgus is required to unload the medial compartment and to prevent the recurrence of deformity in varus and pain. Walking with the limb extrarotated may also be a compensatory mechanism, in order to reduce the adductor moment in the knee and overloading of the medial compartment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional evaluation in total hip replacement patients.

An evaluation of total hip replacement patients requires objective criteria that allow for the measurement of any changes in the biomechanics of the prosthesis and the effects of these changes on clinical findings. An evaluation of loading and joint movement during walking in these patients has been dealt with by many authors. In this study 15 patients who had undergone total hip replacement for coxarthrosis primary or secondary to congenital dysplasia were examined by kinematic and kinetic gait analysis, clinical evaluation, and radiographic evaluation of the position of the neocenter of prosthetic joint rotation. The patients with prostheses in congenital dysplasia presented with a pattern of walking that was significantly modified. In agreement with what is reported in the literature proximal positioning had less influence on gait parameters as compared to lateral dislocation. Furthermore, changes in positioning observed did not seem to have negative effects on joint loading, measured indirectly by the calculation of joint moments.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of the effective use of magnetic fields in podology.

The use of magnetic fields in medicine has obtained encouraging results and it has stimulated the research conducted so that the use of this method of treatment may be better and more widespread. A double blind study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the generation of magnetic fields on edema and on pain in patients submitted to surgery for bilateral hallux valgus.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rotationplasty in segmental resections of the femur.

The authors report 26 cases of high-grade malignant tumors of the distal femur (23 osteosarcomas, 3 Ewing's tumors) submitted to rotation-plasty. The five-years actuarial survival rate (in the 23 cases of osteosarcoma) was 69% and there was no incidence of local recurrence. The following complications were observed: wound dehiscence (6 cases), arterial thrombosis (in 2 patients submitted to resection and vascular termino-terminal suturing), paralysis of the sciatic nerve (2 cases), delay in consolidation (2 cases), traumatic fracture of the neo-femur (3 cases). All of the complications were resolved favorably, 5 of these requiring surgical treatment (33%). Satisfactory functional results were obtained in all of the cases, except in one patient who had limitation of the ankle joint subsequent to vascular compartmental syndrome. On the basis of the oncological, functional and biomechanical results reported in this study and in the literature, the authors discuss current indications for rotation-plasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Circumscribed myositis ossificans of the iliopsoas muscle. Description of a case followed-up after 1 and 14 years.

The term myositis ossificans (MO) means a pathology characterized by the formation of heterotopic bone tissue within the connective tissue of the muscle. Two clearly differentiated forms of the disease are described: one is generalized and one is localized or circumscribed (CMO). It is the purpose of this study to describe a case of circumscribed myositis ossificans located in the iliopsoas muscle, clinically by CT scan and followed-up after 1 and 14 years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of resurfacing of the patella in posterior-stabilizing total knee replacement.

The authors report their experience in the implantation of 108 posterior-stabilized cemented total knee replacements, where in 43 cases the patella was not resurfaced (group 1) and in 65 in was resurfaced (group 2). The ability to perform daily activities, the subjective function of the patello-femoral joint and the index of patient satisfaction were evaluated by means of a telephone interview; furthermore, a clinical-radiographic evaluation was carried out in 50 cases. The results of the present study indicate the need of resurfacing the patella using a posterior-stabilized prosthetic design, based on the fact that more joint excursion, a low incidence of complications on the patello-femoral joint, and improved ability to perform daily activities were demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fractures in myopathies.

The paper reports the results obtained in a study on the frequency of fractures in patients affected with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy, types II and type III; the patients were observed between 1974 and 1988 at the muscle clinic of the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute. Out of a total of 238 cases, 36 (15.1%) reported one or more fractures during the follow-up period. For each fracture, age, functional capacity, the particular circumstances in which fractures occurred, site and type of fracture, medical treatment and consequences were all considered. A protocol for fracture prevention in neuromuscular patients is proposed, and suitable methods of treatment suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Initial experiences in the study of the pelvis using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging with 6.36 MHz radiofrequency].

Twenty-four patients with pelvic disease were examined using a resistive magnet operating at a field strength of 0.15 T. and a R.F. frequency of 6.36 MHz. Spin-echo, multiecho (TR = 0.5-2 s; TE = 50-100 ms) and Inversion Recovery techniques (TR = 1.4 s; TI = 0.4 s) were employed. The proliferative processes of the pelvic organs were subdivided into: prostate (adenoma 5 cases, carcinoma 5); bladder (carcinoma 3, lymphoma 1); uterus (fibroma 1, cervical carcinoma 6, endometrial carcinoma 3). All patients were evaluated with conventional methods and had histological diagnosis. The little respiratory motion of pelvic organs allowed to obtain good coronal, sagittal and axial images. The main aspects of normal anatomy and pathology are analized and described. The tissue characterization of normal structures provides good anatomic details; multiplanar images depict the extent of the lesions properly. N.M.R. is an interesting method in evaluating the extension of pelvic masses and staging pelvic tumors.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of muscular co-contraction of the hip during movement.

The joint biomechanics of the hip was studied analyzing the kinematic, kinetic, electromyographic and in vivo pressure parameters during walking, going up stairs, and getting up from a chair. The most significant clinical and biomechanical data emerged when the temporal correlation between intra-articular pressure variations and electric activity of the bi-articular muscles was studied. The presence of co-contraction of the bi-articular muscles during the support and oscillation phases was evident. The maximum joint pressure values were measured while getting up from a chair when the hip was flexed more than 100 degrees. The posterior region of the acetabulum was that most submitted to loading. This data is useful in gaining an understanding of joint physiology, in correctly setting up physio-kinesitherapeutic protocols, and in setting up pre-clinical prosthetic mechanical tests.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗