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Biomedical subjects

S Ghosh

Publications and source records attributed to S Ghosh.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Semen characteristics of tobacco users in India.

Qualitative analysis of semen samples have been compared between 79 different types of tobacco addicts (smokers, chewers, and multiple addicts) with 21 nonaddicts (never consumed any form of tobacco). The percentage of motile sperm and total sperm count of the tobacco chewers are significantly low (p < .05). The frequency of abnormal sperm is also significantly high (p < .001) for smoking and multiple addict groups. Differential effects of smoking and chewing tobacco on sperm characteristics are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of thyroid hormone in de novo synthesis of cholinephosphotransferase in guinea pig lung mitochondria and microsomes.

It is known that thyroid hormone enhances the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in the lung. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of thyroid hormone on the activity of cholinephosphotransferase, the terminal enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway, in guinea pig lung mitochondria and microsomes. Intramuscular injection of triiodothyronine (T3, 0.25-4 mg/kg body wt) stimulated the activities of both mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. However, the stimulation was much more pronounced in the microsomes than in the mitochondria. The stimulatory effect of T3 was blocked by the intraperitoneal injection of both actinomycin D and cycloheximide in the microsomes, whereas in the mitochondria, the hormonal effect was blocked only by cycloheximide. Thus, it is suggested that T3 stimulates not only the nucleocytoplasmic system for the de novo synthesis of the enzyme, but possibly also the regulation of the transport of the synthesized protein into the mitochondria. Furthermore, administration of T3 produced an increase in the uptake and incorporation of [14C]choline into phospholipids of lung slices in vitro. However, this effect was blocked by intraperitoneal injection of both actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Thus, the change in CPT activity by T3 in mitochondria is not reflected by enhanced incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Making business sense of the Internet.

For managers in large, well-established businesses, the Internet is a tough nut to crack. It is very simple to set up a Web presence and very difficult to create a Web-based business model. Established businesses that over decades have carefully built brands and physical distribution relationships risk damaging all they have created when they pursue commerce through the Net. Still, managers can't avoid the impact of electronic commerce on their businesses. They need to understand the opportunities available to them and recognize how their companies may be vulnerable if rivals seize those opportunities first. Broadly speaking, the Internet presents four distinct types of opportunities. First, it links companies directly to customers, suppliers, and other interested parties. Second, it lets companies bypass other players in an industry's value chain. Third, it is a tool for developing and delivering new products and services to new customers. Fourth, it will enable certain companies to dominate the electronic channel of an entire industry or segment, control access to customers, and set business rules. As he elaborates on these four points, the author gives established companies a systematic way to sort through the risks and rewards of doing business in cyberspace.

Commerce↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of low birth weight infants in an urban community.

The study concerns the problem of low birth weight as seen in a prospectively studied cohort from a South Delhi urban community covering 23,700 families and 1,19,799 population over a four year period from 1969-73. The incidence of low birth weight was 22.9 per cent of which 2.7 per cent had a birth weight of 2000 gms. or less and 20.2 per cent had a birth weight 2001-2500 gms. Maternal height of 140 cms or less and pregravid weight of 35 kg or less were associated with the occurrence of low birth weight infant. The mortality was related inversely to birth weight and the gestation affected the outcome directly. The mortality rates declined sharply in infants of birth weight 2001-2500 gms but was still high as compared to infants of birth weight more than 2.5 kg. The later physical growth was affected by the initial birth weight. The study was conducted under the research project 01-658-2 funded by the National Centre for Health Statistics, 3700 East West Highway, Hyattsville, Maryland-20782, U.S.A.

Health Surveys↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dilated cardiomyopathy in non-specific aortoarteritis.

Out of 195 cases of Takayasu's arteritis who presented in our institute between January 1988 and December 1997, 12 (5.58%) had dilated cardiomyopathy. Age of these patients ranged from 10 to 30 years (17.25 +/- 5.30 years) and male-female ratio was 1:11. All the cases had cardiovascular system features (dyspnoea, oedema, palpitation, angina, etc. but without hypertension), three had central nervous system features (headache, vomiting, convulsion etc.) and all had general systemic features like weight loss, malaise, fever, arthralgia etc. Electrocardiography, chest X-ray and echocardiographic findings were consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy. Haemodynamic findings showed raised left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in all; raised pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular pressure and right atrial pressure in 6, 6, 4 and 2 cases, respectively; reduced left ventricular peak systolic pressure in 10 cases but central aortic pressure and systemic vascular resistance in all the cases were within normal limits. Angiography showed type I, II and III involvement in 7 (majority), 3 and 2 cases, respectively. Coronary and pulmonary angiography were normal and left ventricular angiography showed poor left ventricular systolic function in all the cases. Histopathological study (on 3 autopsy cases) showed non-specific inflammation of myocardium with lymphocyte/mononuclear cell infiltration and normal coronary vessels. So, dilated cardiomyopathy in Takayasu's arteritis is not rare, though not much reported, and can influence the prognosis of aortoarteritis cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Venous obstruction after permanent pacing.

In a 10-year prospective study of 6,256 patients (5,812 males, 444 females) with permanent pacemaker, 25 had presented with features of venous obstruction such as pain, swelling or dilated superficial veins of face, upper limb(s) or upper chest wall without congestive heart failure. When subjected to contrast venography, 22 (0.35%) of the cases demonstrated subclavian and/or superior vena cava thrombotic/fibrotic obstruction. Each patient had non-progressive dilated veins over upper chest wall which developed after an average period of six months of implantation and none had embolic events or cephalad propagation of thrombus. Nine patients had subclavian, eight superior vena cava and five had both the vein obstructions. Seven patients of venous obstruction were treated with heparin followed by oral anticoagulants and three patients with oral anticoagulants alone. Three of seven patients got relief of obstruction with combined therapy group (heparin followed by oral anticoagulants) only. Two patients with superior vena cava obstruction needed epicardial pacing during subsequent lead revision. Therefore, before revision of permanent pacemaker leads in patients with signs of venous obstruction, venography can be useful to assess the obstruction and to determine the route of new lead insertion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a computer system in search of antifertility drug from indigenous plants.

Recent advancement in computer technology has increased the application of database in identification and verification systems used in research of indigenous drugs. To overcome some of the drawbacks of existing knowledge (systems) we have developed a computer version of a key for interfacing with pre-existing knowledgebase. Appearance of different types of biological databases on the World Wide Web (WWW) and hypertext links between them has made a large amount of information easily accessible to biologists. Storage of explicitly specified biological relationship between different entities as discrete entries can allow additional identification capabilities. These systems are designed to detect the identity of a natural product when it is unknown or to verify the product identity when an antifertility products is provided. We have built a database about the cytoskeleton that explores the natural product approach as antifertility drug and the gap in existing knowledge. The stored information is displayed along with other retrieved information. The system is capable to search for entities with specified properties. It is extensible so that new types of relationships may be incorporated.

Contraceptive Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacotherapy in congestive heart failure: Effect of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene on response to ACE inhibitors in patients with heart failure.

The renin angiotensin aldosterone (RAA) axis is a common target for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of hypertension, renal disease, and/or congestive heart failure (CHF). ACE inhibitors have increasingly been used in an effort to disable this neurohumoral system. Despite the almost elegant logic of this therapeutic approach it has not always proven uniformly successful. The fairly diverse response to ACE inhibitor therapy in CHF has been ascribed to a number of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations and most recently to a genetic polymorphism for ACE. The presence of a DD insertion/deletion pattern for ACE seems to predict an increased level of ACE, possibly increased angiotensin II concentrations, and a relative resistance to the hemodynamic effects of ACE inhibitors. The frequency of the particular insertion/deletion pattern in CHF is not known. Whether the particular insertion/deletion pattern of a patient will determine whether a patient receives angiotensin receptor antagonist therapy rather than ACE inhibitor treatment remains to be determined. (c)1999 by CHF, Inc.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases amongst tribals of Car Nicobar Island, India.

In a cross sectional study of total 14514 tribal Nicobarese people of Car Nicobar Island, an union territory of India, situated in Bay of Bengal, morbidity, mortality and treatment practices of diarrhoeal diseases of under-five children were surveyed. The incidence of diarrhoea (0.2 episode/ch.year), Crude death rate (3.6/1000) and IMR (31/1000 live births) were exceedingly low as compared to SouthEast Asian Countries including mainland of India. ORS utilisation rate was high (41%) as compared to the National figure (12.0%). This is the first study of it's kind carried out in this island and amongst the Nicobarese tribe in India. A preliminary study carried out among the mothers of the hospitalised children indicated that protective behaviours like breast feeding, hand washing, use of chlorinated water and proper disposal of stool were regularly being practiced by the community traditionally. An in-depth study on risk factors of diarrhoea in this island can yield useful clue for describing the same.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Haematologic and immunophenotypic profile of acute myeloid leukemia: an experience of Tata Memorial Hospital.

OBJECTIVES: To study the hematologic and immunophenotypic profile of 260 cases of acute myeloid leukemia at diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 260 cases of AML diagnosed at our institution between 1998 and 2000. Diagnosis was based on peripheral blood and bone marrow examination for morphology cytochemistry and immunophenotypic studies. SPSS software package, version 10, was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent of our cases were adults. The age of the patients ranged from one year to 78 years with a median age of 27.2 years. There were 187 males and 73 females. The commonest FAB subtype, in both children and adults, was AML-M2. The highest WBC counts were seen in AML-M1 and the lowest in AML-M3 (10-97 x 10(9)/L, mean 53.8 x 10(9)/L). The mean values and range for hemoglobin was 6.8 gm/l (1.8 gm/l to 9.2 gm/l), platelet count 63.3 x 10(9)/L (32-83 x 10(9)/L), peripheral blood blasts 41.4% (5 to 77%) and bone marrow blasts 57.6% (34-96%). Myeloperoxidase positivity was highest in the M1, M2 and M3 subtypes. CD13 and CD33 were the most useful markers in the diagnosis of AML. CD14 and CD36 were most often seen in monocytic (38%) and myelomonocytic (44%) leukemias. Lymphoid antigen expression was seen in 15% of cases. CD7 expression was the commonest (11%). CONCLUSION: AML accounted for 39.8% of all acute leukemias at this institution. The most common subtype was AML-M2. Myeloperoxidase stain was a useful tool in the diagnosis of myeloid leukemias. CD13 and CD33 were the most diagnostic myeloid markers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anatomic characteristics of foramen vesalius.

OBJECTIVES: Foramen Vesalius is an inconstant foramen that gives passage to an emissary vein that connects pterygoid venous plexus with cavernous sinus, the importance of which lies in the fact that an infected thrombus from an extracranial source may reach cavernous sinus. This study presents some data on characteristics of foramen vesalius. METHODS: We studied 70 sides of 35 dried adult human skulls available in the Department of Anatomy, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Variation in number and incidence of foramen Vesalius were noted. Differences between the right and the left side and between the male and the female sex are discussed. MAIN FINDINGS: Foramen Vesalius was present in 23 sides (14 right, 9 left) out of the 70 sides observed, the incidence being 32.85% (20.0% right side, 12.85% left side) of all the sides observed. Incidence of bilateral and unilateral foramen vesalius was 22.85% (8 out of 35 skulls) and 20% (7 out of 35 skulls) respectively. Foramen vesalius was found in 10 sides in males and in 13 sides in females. No remarkable differences were observed in the incidence of foramen vesalius between the sides within same sex but the incidence was more in females compared to male skulls. SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Anatomic variations of the foramen vesalius could be explained by developmental reasons. Knowledge about characteristics of foramen vesalius and its incidence is not only important for anatomists but equally essential for an operating surgeon.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Report of an outbreak of diarrhoeal disease caused by cholera followed by rotavirus in Manipur.

An outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease between August and October 1985 in 3 districts of Manipur state was investigated amongst 9,29,077 population at risk. The overall attack rate and case fatality rate were 0.2% and 0.9% respectively. Hospital records revealed that 58.8% of cases occurred amongst older children above 5 years of age. V.cholera was isolated from 25.3% of cases sampled. Interestingly, increased frequency in weekly admission of cases amongst children during first two years of life increased in the beginning of October when the original peak of diarrhoeal outbreak was about to decline. The October peak was caused by rotavirus which could be detected from 50.0% of diarrhoeal children in this age group. This possibly reflected beginning of the usual rotavirus diarrhoea season in the locality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anticoagulant therapy in acute myocardial infarction.

In 265 patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) heparin followed by warfarin sodium was used routinely whenever there was no contraindication to the drug. Patients were followed up to 2 years with weekly estimation of prothrombin time. Another 265 patients of AMI having identical clinical profiles were taken as control and neither any anticoagulant nor any antiplatelet agent was used in them. Both groups were also treated with identical coronary dilators whenever needed. 2 years cardiac mortality was 11.6% in the control group and 5.9% in the anticoagulant therapy (ACT) recipient group (P less than 0.05). Incidence of reinfarction (RMI) was 14.4% during the period in the control group whereas it was only 6.7% in the ACT group (P less than 0.05). The incidence of intracranial events were also more frequent in control group (8.4%) compared to ACT group (3.1%) (P less than 0.05). However on further analysis of intracranial events, it was found that haemorrhagic intracranial events were slightly more frequent in ACT (2.3%) than in the control group (2%), but this difference was statistically insignificant (P greater than 0.05); non-haemorrhagic intracranial events were however significantly less in ACT group (1.96%) compared to the control group (6%) (P less than 0.05). There was no major or fatal extracranial haemorrhagic complication in either group. Only minor extracranial haemorrhages were more commonly observed in the ACT group (4.3%) compared to the control group (1.2%) (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗