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Biomedical subjects

S Gelbier

Publications and source records attributed to S Gelbier.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Ethics--the early division of oral health care responsibilities by Act of Parliament.

The question of how the profession of dentistry became what it is today, an independent and vigorous one, is an absorbing study. In this analysis of the legislation of the mid-sixteenth century and its effect on modern oral health care delivery, two Acts in particular are notable for their importance in the development of the self-determining practise of dentistry as we now enjoy it in the United Kingdom. The first of these is the 1540 Act uniting the Barbers' and Surgeons' Companies, and the second is one dating from two years later; 'A Bill that Persons, being no common Surgeons, may minister Medicines, notwithstanding the Statute.' Apart from a brief period of 35 years extending from the Dentists Act of 1921 to the Dentists Act of 1956, when the Dental Board of the United Kingdom (which after 1956 became the General Dental Council), was subject to the over-riding control of the General Medical Council, the delivery of oral health care in England has enjoyed an independence which is here identified as having its origin in these Acts 450 years ago in the reign of Henry VIII.

Dental Care↗
PubMed2002

The British Society of Paediatric Dentistry: 50 years of achievement.

This paper describes the origins of organizations for children's dentists in the UK, starting 50 years ago and culminating in the foundation of the British Society of Paediatric Dentistry. It focuses on some of the people who were instrumental in these developments and their relations with children's dentists worldwide.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Testing a model of the relationship between gender, ethnicity, clinical status and impact in older adults from minority ethnic groups.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between indicators of self-assessed symptom status, the reported impact of oral conditions and clinical indices, and the extent to which this relationship was moderated by gender and ethnicity. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data from an oral health survey of minority ethnic groups. PARTICIPANTS: Purposive sample of 376 individuals from minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom recruited through community groups. MEASURES: Numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth. Measures of self assessed symptoms, and impact upon quality of life. RESULTS: Impact of oral conditions upon lifestyle was predicted by the number of missing teeth, the presence of pain on eating certain foods and the presence of toothache in the previous four weeks. Social variables (gender and ethnicity) did not predict impact either singly or through interaction with symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support a linear model of the relationship between the experience of oro-facial symptoms and impact on everyday life amongst older adults.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2001

Ethics--dentistry and tooth-drawing in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in England. Evidence of provision at all levels of society.

The popularity of caricature at the end of the eighteenth century allows a researcher to observe the social as well as the technical side of dentistry as it was then available throughout the kingdom. The value of these caricatures is further enhanced by the unconscious inclusion of everyday objects which a narrative account would not think it worthwhile including, even if such narrative account had existed.

England↗
PubMed2001

Ethics--dental registration in the seventeenth and early eighteenth century.

In the histories of dentistry, some mention is made of the licensing of tooth-drawers, and those who provided dental healthcare before the term Dentist started to become general in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. One of the most striking references to licensing appears in a little piece of doggerel printed under a 1768 print by Dixon after Harris.

Archives↗
PubMed2001

Betel quid chewing among Bangladeshi adolescents living in east London.

OBJECTIVES: Ascertain level and predictors of betel quid (pan) chewing in Bangladeshi adolescents. DESIGN: Cross sectional questionnaire study. SETTING: Bangladeshi cultural centres in East London. SAMPLE: Consecutive adolescents attending 4 randomly selected centres. METHOD: Self-completed questionnaire. RESULTS: 204 (70%) of 290 teenagers invited to participate did so. Fifty-eight (28%) chewed pan; 30 (51%) of whom chewed on most days. The median age of first chewing was 9 years. Only 7 (2%) added tobacco to their quids. Pan chewers tended to come from lower socio-economic status families, liked the taste of pan and were less inclined to think that it adversely affected their appearance or that it could cause cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of pan chewing was lower than that found among adults reported in earlier studies in the UK. This reduction in the level of pan chewing could be attributed to acculturation. Few teenagers knew about the association between pan chewing and cancer but the widespread concern about the effect of pan chewing on the appearance of their mouth suggests this is a useful health promotion message within common risk/health factor approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Ethics and dentistry: 2. Ethics and risk management.

The previous paper explored the meaning of ethics, especially its relationship to dentistry. Here, we examine a practical application for solving ethical problems. Together, the two articles should provide dentists with a core of relevant knowledge about ethics and a ready guide to the daily relevance of ethics.

Bioethical Issues↗
PubMed2001

Ethics and dentistry: I. The meaning of ethics.

This short series of two papers will examine the relationship between ethics and dentistry. The first paper explores the meaning of ethics; the second will provide a catalogue of primary sources for dental practitioners who wish to read further in order to gain a core of knowledge about dental ethics.

Beneficence↗
PubMed2001

Barriers to the use of dental services by individuals from minority ethnic communities living in the United Kingdom: findings from focus groups.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the barriers identified by individuals from minority ethnic communities resident in the United Kingdom to their use of dental services. METHOD: Focus group discussions were held with individuals from minority ethnic groups. Data were analysed using the technique of content analysis on the basis of categories defined by the researchers. FINDINGS: Barriers to regular attendance identified by participants included: language, a mistrust of dentists, cost, anxiety, cultural misunderstandings, concern about standards of hygiene. The type of barrier identified differed between ethnic groups, though mistrust of dentists was common to all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirm previous research identifying barriers to the use of dental services. However, for the first time in the United Kingdom, it has been suggested that the nature of the perceived barriers varies across ethnic groups. These findings have implications for attempts to increase use of dental services among individuals from minority ethnic communities.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2000

Self-assessed oral health status of ethnic minority residents of South London.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the self-assessed oral health status of individuals from minority ethnic communities living in South London. METHOD: A sample of 1,057 individuals from minority ethnic communities (as defined by Office of Censuses and Surveys categories) resident in South London were asked to complete measures of their oral and facial symptoms, the impact of their oral health on their daily functioning and of their satisfaction with the appearance of their teeth and gums. MEASURES: Self-assessed oral health status was determined by means of two short scales addressing oral symptoms and the impact of oral health on activities of daily living. Satisfaction with the appearance of the teeth and gums was also assessed. FINDINGS: No significant differences were found between minority ethnic communities in the number of symptoms reported, in the level of impact which such symptoms cause, or in their dissatisfaction with the appearance of their teeth and gums. Reporting of symptoms and impact were mildly though significantly correlated with dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be little difference between ethnic communities in their reporting of oral and facial symptoms, though these groups report higher levels of dissatisfaction with the appearance of their teeth and gums. Social and demographic factors play an important role in determining perceptions of oral health. The findings should be interpreted with caution given the difficulty of sampling minority ethnic communities and the subsequent limited representativeness of the sample.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Predictors of tobacco and alcohol consumption and their relevance to oral cancer control amongst people from minority ethnic communities in the South Thames health region, England.

The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of the health behaviour of ethnic groups in relation to alcohol and tobacco use. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out using network sampling amongst community groups in the South Thames region of the United Kingdom. Self-classified ethnic groups were identified: Black-African; Black-Caribbean; Indian; Pakistani; Bangladeshi and Chinese/Vietnamese. A total of 1113 people were recruited in the study. In all of the ethnic groups, men were more likely than women to smoke tobacco. Chewing of pan and tobacco was common in the South Asian communities and alcohol consumption was high among the Black-Caribbean group. Those factors were predicted by education, employment, gender and being born in the UK. It is important to examine the determinants of such risk behaviours in order to aid appropriate targeting of health promotion interventions, particularly those related to cancer control.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Dental caries and treatment experience of adults from minority ethnic communities living in the South Thames Region, UK.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the dental caries and treatment experience of groups of adults from minority ethnic communities living in the South Thames Region of England. DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study. SETTINGS: Community, religious and educational centres for adults from minority ethnic communities. PARTICIPANTS: Snowball sample of 928 adults from 44 ethnic groups including: Black Caribbean (141), Black African (134); Pakistani (123); Indian (190); Bangladeshi (78); Chinese/Vietnamese (143) and 119 from other groups. RESULTS: More participants were dentate or had 18 or more sound and untreated teeth than adults living in the same area (Todd and Lader, 1991). Duration of residence in the United Kingdom predicted caries or treatment experience in the sample as a whole and in Chinese/Vietnamese people. Increased DMFT was predicted by age and by history of visiting a UK dentist in the sample as a whole and in the Black African group. CONCLUSIONS: Effect of duration of UK residence on presence and extent of caries suggests that oral health may be better among adults from these ethnic minority groups than among the general population. However, the differences can also be attributed to sampling bias and old comparison data. Better sampling strategies are required for research of this type.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

An alarming lack of public awareness towards oral cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine public awareness and knowledge of oral cancer in Great Britain. DESIGN: The respondents were selected according to a systematic probability sample designed to be representative of all adults in Great Britain (GB). The overall design was similar to previous omnibus surveys carried out by National Opinion Poll (NOP). The survey was carried out in ten regions of GB in September 1995 and was commissioned by the Health Education Authority (HEA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A random sample of 1,894 members of the public over the age of 16 years were asked in face-to-face interviews their knowledge relating to cancer, with particular reference to oral cancer, its causes and those at high risk and general attitudes to cancer. RESULTS: Oral cancer was one of the least heard of cancers by the public with only 56% of the participants being aware, whereas 96% had heard of skin cancer, 97% lung cancer and 86% cervical cancer. There was a 76% awareness of the link between smoking and oral cancer but only 19% were aware of its association with alcohol misuse. Whereas 94% agreed that early detection can improve the treatment outcome, a disheartening 43% believed that whether a person developed a cancer or not was a matter of chance and therefore was unavoidable. CONCLUSIONS: This survey highlights a general lack of awareness among the public about mouth cancer and a lack of knowledge about its causation especially the excess risk associated with alcohol. RECOMMENDATIONS: There is a clear need to inform and educate the public in matters relating to the known risk factors associated with oral cancer. A media campaign informing the public about oral cancer is clearly required. The need for the reduction in the incidence of oral cancer should be included in 'Our healthier nation' targets. An overall health promotion strategy to reduce cancers should include oral cancer as a priority. In addition the European Code against Cancer which aims to improve prevention, the early detection of oral cancer and the necessity for fast track referral should be made more widely known. Recognition of oral cancer in local strategies for oral health should be encouraged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

The oral health of older people from minority ethnic communities in south east England.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical health status and subjective oral health status of older adults from minority ethnic communities resident in South East England. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey incorporating a clinical examination and a questionnaire assessment of subjective oral health status. SETTING: Community groups working with individuals from minority ethnic communities. SUBJECTS: A total of 540 individuals from 7 minority ethnic communities. MEASURES: Clinical assessment of oral health status using BASCD criteria. Assessment of oral symptoms and impact experienced together with satisfaction with oral status, by structured questionnaire. RESULTS: On all measures of clinical health status the participants were healthier than a comparison group based on data from the Adult Dental Health Survey. The participants expressed high levels of subjective oral symptoms. Levels of satisfaction were lower than those found in the Adult Dental Health Survey. There was evidence of some variation across minority ethnic communities in clinical and subjective oral health status. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 20% of the 540 adults from minority ethnic communities resident in the South East of England surveyed were relatively fit orally. They experienced a great many oral symptoms, and in approximately 30% of individuals these were sufficient to interfere with their quality of life. ETHICAL APPROVAL: The research described in this paper was approved by the Ethics committee of King's College London.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1999

The dental health of pre-school children in a deprived urban community in Glasgow.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the dental health status of pre-school children in a deprived urban community in Greater Glasgow. The aim was to gather baseline data to support the need for a multi-agency dental health programme for this age group and against which trends in dental health could be measured over time. METHOD: A defined deprived community was identified and an area profile compiled. Children attending the five nursery schools in and around the area were examined using the standardised criteria adopted by BASCD/SHBDEP. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-eight children were examined representing 75.8% of those on the nursery rolls. Caries prevalence and mean dmft rose from 64% and 3.14 for three to three and a half-year-old children to 86% and 6.14 for four and a half- to five-year-old children. This latter figure was higher than the Scottish and Health Board averages for five-year-old children (2.93 and 3.5 respectively). Those from the most deprived postcode sector had significantly worse dental health than those resident in other areas (mean dmft = 6.50 compared with 3.77). They also had significantly more unrestorable lesions. Overall, the Care Index (ft/dmft x 100) was 3.03 which is less than the Scottish average of 7.8. CONCLUSION: The dental health of nursery school children in and around the Possilpark area of Glasgow is worse than both the Scottish and health board averages for five-year-old children. Those resident in the most deprived sector of the community have significantly worse dental health. The main components of dmft were untreated decay and missing teeth. The Care Index was low.

Child, Preschool↗