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Biomedical subjects

S Gaskins

Publications and source records attributed to S Gaskins.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Student perceptions of changing answers on multiple choice examinations.

The belief that changing answers on examinations is detrimental persists in spite of empirical research which does not support that belief. While the research in education has consistently shown that changing answers is beneficial, few studies have been done on the behavior and psychological process of changing answers. This qualitative study found that students prefer not to change answers and do not believe it is advantageous to do so. Most students took tests in such a manner that at least a portion of the questions were re-read. Reasons given for changing answers included reconsidering the answers after re-reading the question, mismarking the answer sheet, re-guessing, and receiving a clue later in the test. The students who changed answers often found they had misread the questions initially when they re-read it. Re-reading the question was most likely to result in a change from wrong to right. Re-guessing was not found to be as beneficial to the student scores.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1995

The meaning of hope. Implications for nursing practice and research.

1. Sources of hope in older adults include religious symbols, relationships with others, and activities. 2. In older adults, hope gives their lives purpose and meaning. 3. Hope transcends time; it is a present positive emotion related to the future that may be influenced by the past.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Psychosocial responses among individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The purpose of this research was to identify and describe psychosocial responses to being infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Ten adults infected with HIV were interviewed and audiotaped as they described their feelings and experiences as HIV-infected people. The interviews were analyzed using a grounded theory methodology. The core category that emerged from the data was Fighting to Survive with HIV Infection. Supporting concepts were Taking Care and Restructuring One's Life. The concept of Taking Care included processes of everyday work and illness work. The processes involved in Restructuring One's Life were living with uncertainty, accepting homosexuality, experiencing changing feelings, protecting confidentiality, dealing with the medical profession, handling multiple losses, and living with a terminal illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

Overcoming methodological barriers to HIV/AIDS nursing research.

While more than 1,600 articles have been published in the nursing literature about HIV infection, only 54 (3%) have been research articles. The sparsity of nursing research related to HIV has partially resulted from methodological problems inherent in the implementation of research protocols with persons infected with HIV. The authors' focus is on methodological and ethical problems related to sampling patterns, informed consent, and protection of human subjects that have hindered the study of HIV infection. The underlying reasons for these problems as well as solutions and approaches to minimize or prevent the problems are presented.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helping others: a response to HIV disease.

Previous research supports that helping behaviors can be as beneficial to the person providing the help as to the recipient. Ten individuals infected with HIV describe how helping others became an important strategy in helping them live with their diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. A grounded theory study was done to identify and describe psychosocial responses to being infected with HIV. Audiotaped interviews were analyzed using grounded theory methodologies. The core category that emerged from the data was fighting to survive. Taking care and restructuring one's life were the supporting concepts. Processes involved in taking care were everyday work and illness work. Helping others was one strategy of everyday work the participants found to be helpful in the fight to survive. The benefits of helping are described and the various ways of helping are presented in this article.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patient presentation, interview content, and the detection of depression by primary care physicians.

This study was undertaken in order to better understand the detection of depression by primary care physicians. Specifically, we investigated the relationship between information gathered during the course of the medical interview and the subsequent diagnosis of depression. Forty-seven community-based primary care physicians, unaware of the mental health focus of this research, were videotaped in the office setting, as they interviewed two "typical" standardized patients who met DSM-III-R criteria for major depression. One patient presented with headaches and the other presented with palpitations and chest pain. After each interview, physicians were provided with physical findings and results of any diagnostic procedures they ordered, then asked to construct and explicate their differential diagnoses. The two patients were correctly diagnosed as depressed by 53 and 45% of the physicians. Although detection was related to greater amounts of information gathered, inquiry about the DSM-III-R criteria symptoms was generally low, and in no case was sufficient information acquired to make a formal DSM-III-R diagnosis of depression. However, a subset of the DSM-III-R symptoms (those related to disturbances of appetite, sleep, and other neurovegetative functions) were among the reasons cited for inclusion of depression in the differential, as were psychosocial stressors and the patient's appearance. These findings suggest that detection of depression is low by primary care physicians.

Adult↗