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Biomedical subjects

S Gandhi

Publications and source records attributed to S Gandhi.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Oxygen transfer from mother to fetus during cesarean section under epidural anesthesia.

The correlation between maternal PaO2 levels and umbilical vein (UV) and umbilical artery (UA)PO2 levels was studied in 40 healthy patients undergoing elective cesarean sections under lumbar epidural anesthesia. Patients were divided into four equal groups. Each group inhaled oxygen at a FIO2 of 0.21, 0.47, 0.74 (in nitrogen), or 1.0. Maternal arterial samples and fetal UV and UA samples were collected at the time of delivery. Maternal PaO2 levels increased from 96 +/- 4 (1 SE) torr during exposure to to a FIO2 of 0.21 to 232 +/- 6, 312 +/- 16, and 423 +/- 6 torr while breathing FIO2 of 0.47, 0.74 and 1.0, respectively. UV PO2 levels increased from 28 +/- 1 to 36 +/- 1.5, 41 +/- 1.3 and 47 +/- 1.2 torr in the hyperoxic groups. UA PO2 levels increased from 15 +/- 0.7 to 19 +/- 0.8, 21 +/- 0.3, and 25 +/- 1.8 torr, respectively. Oxygen saturation and blood O2 contents increased in maternal and fetal blood. Maternal arterial, UV, and UA base excess values in the hyperoxic groups were significantly higher than in the normoxic groups. There was no difference in 1- or 5-minute Apgar scores between the normoxic and hyperoxic groups. It is concluded that maternal hyperoxia improves fetal oxygen stores and acid-base status during cesarean section under epidural anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Coaxial catheter for humidification during jet ventilation.

A coaxial jet ventilation catheter capable of entraining liquid water by Venturi effect was assembled by inserting an epidural catheter (water injector tube) into a 69-cm-long, 3-mm-i.d., outer jet delivery tube. Gas jet flow in the outer tube produced a negative pressure in the inner injector tube. The entrainment pressure could be varied by increasing or decreasing the distance between the injector and jet portals. The quantity of entrained water could thus be regulated between 8 +/- 1 to 44 +/- 2 mg/L of gas by decreasing this distance from 3.5 to 0.5 cm. The catheter was used to deliver low- or high-frequency jet ventilation for 4 hours in dogs (five dogs per mode of ventilation) and for 2 hours in patients (12 patients per mode). Patients receiving either mode of ventilation were divided into two equal groups. One group was ventilated with dry gases and the other with humidified gases containing 44 mg H2O/L. Ciliated epithelial cells were obtained by bronchial lavage at the onset and termination of each study. Damage to ciliated cells was assessed numerically by a point scoring system. The coaxial catheter produced adequate pulmonary ventilation both in dogs and humans during both modes of ventilation. The human tracheobronchial cellular score decreased approximately 21% after unhumidified low- and high-frequency ventilation. However, the score did not change significantly in patients who received humidified gases, indicating efficient humidification by the coaxial catheter.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A simple method for maintaining large, aging populations of Caenorhabditis elegans.

This paper describes a technique capable of establishing and maintaining large, age-synchronous populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The technique has three essential components: a rich chemical medium; a method for producing and harvesting mass quantities of eggs; and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. A culture of worms is filtered through glass wool or a wire screen to isolate young larvae. Eggs laid by these worms after they mature are collected over a period of 4-6 hours and allowed to hatch. A low level of FUdR (25 microM) is added just before the larvae reach maturity. This timing is important to avoid developmental abnormalities. The adults lay eggs in the presence of FUdR but the eggs do not hatch, which maintains the synchrony of the culture. Many aging characteristics appear to be similar in treated and untreated worms, such as the time of cessation of egg production, the appearance of visible and behavioral age-related changes, and the mean lifespan. This system thus seems suitable for large-scale biochemical analysis of certain aspects of aging in C. elegans.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

Five year study of postpartum hemorrhage: Queens of Angels Hospital, 1973--1977.

Postpartum hemorrhage accounts for about one quarter of the deaths in the obstetric hemorrhage group. Blood loss is the most important underlying cause of morbidity. To save blood, the obstetrician must partice "preventive medicine" by being cognizant of any situation during pregnancy, labor and delivery which may result in increased blood loss.The methods and principles by which these situations can be prevented or treated are discussed.

Adult↗