Biomedical subjects

S Fukuma

Publications and source records attributed to S Fukuma.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Risk modification in lung cancer by a dietary intake of preserved foods and soyfoods: findings from a case-control study in Okinawa, Japan.

To disclose the association of dietary intake of preserved foods and soyfoods with lung cancer risk, we analyzed the data from a case-control study conducted in Okinawa, Japan, from 1988 to 1991. The analysis, based on 333 cases and 666 age-, sex- and residence-matched population controls, provided the following major findings. (1) The more the miso soup intake, the higher the risk (test for trend: P = 0.001 for males; P = 0.043 for females). (2) Frequent intake of pickles (excluding salted fish) tended to be linked with an elevated risk in males. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for once or twice per week or more, relative to less than once a month was 1.88 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26-2.81). (3) Frequent intake of soybeans was associated with a decreased risk in men (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.98 for once or twice per week or more, relative to less than once a month). (4) Daily consumers of tofu were at a decreased risk, particularly for squamous cell carcinoma; the OR (95% CI) being 0.55 (0.34-0.89) in males and 0.14 (0.02-0.89) in females. These findings suggested deleterious effects of preserved foods and protective ones of soyfoods rich in isoflavones.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Smoking habits, local brand cigarettes and lung cancer risk in Okinawa, Japan.

To disclose the association between smoking habits and lung cancer in Okinawa, Japan, we analyzed the data from a case-control study conducted from 1988 to 1991. The analysis, based on 333 cases and 666 age-, sex- and residence-matched population controls, provided the following major findings. (a) The odds ratios (ORs) for current smokers relative to nonsmokers were much greater for squamous cell carcinoma than for adenocarcinoma. The OR was 9.82 for squamous cell carcinoma and 2.18 for adenocarcinoma in males, 28.2 and 1.14, correspondingly, in females. (b) Males who quit smoking for 20 years or more demonstrated no elevated lung cancer risk. (c) Among male current smokers, the more the number of cigarettes smoked per day, the higher the lung cancer risk for both cell types, but particularly for squamous cell carcinoma. In contrast, deep smoke inhalation significantly increased the risk for adenocarcinoma in particular. (d) Okinawan brand cigarettes were more strongly associated with the risk, compared with other brand ones. This finding might partly explain the higher frequency of lung cancer in males with the relatively lower smoking rate in Okinawa.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Experimental study of the therapeutic effects of folate, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 on squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin deficiency may be related to carcinogenesis. Cytologic examinations of sputum have already found that the administration of folate and vitamin B12 suppressed the development of squamous metaplasia and atypia in smokers' airways. The authors investigated the effect of folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin A on the formation of metaplasia and hyperplasia in methylcholanthrene (MCA)-treated rats. METHODS: The SD strain of rats received 10 mg of MCA intratracheally and was divided into six groups as follows: (1) vitamin A; (2) folic acid; (3) vitamin B12; (4) vitamin B12 with folic acid; (5) a combination of vitamin A, folic acid, and vitamin B12; and (6) no vitamins. The Lower respiratory tract epithelia of the rats were examined histologically 20, 32, and 36 weeks after MCA administration and at the end of the experiment. RESULTS: A clear difference was detected between the group receiving folic acid and that receiving vitamin A. In the former group, metaplasia was found in only one rat, atypia was not found, and hyperplasia with marked changes was present in less than 50% of other groups. In the latter group, atypia was found in all of the metaplastic foci. CONCLUSIONS: It was suggested that the epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia of respiratory tract induced by MCA can be suppressed by the administration of folic acid.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Large, benign osteoblastoma of the temporal bone--case report.

Benign osteoblastoma is a rare tumor of bone, usually confined to the long bones and vertebrae. Its occurrence in the calvaria is extremely rare. The authors report a case of a temporoparietal lesion in a 29-year-old male. Computed tomography revealed a low-density mass, which was irregularly enhanced by contrast medium. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass of low intensity on T1- and high intensity on T2-weighted images. Angiography confirmed the presence of a large epidural mass in the left temporal region. The tumor was excised and the pathological diagnosis was benign osteoblastoma.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Hypernatremia due to hypothalamic tumor: ADH response to changes in plasma osmolality].

A case of a patient with the syndrome of chronic hypernatremia and hypodispia due to hypothalamic tumor was studied to evaluate the change of ADH response to plasma osmolality during the clinical course. A 23-year-old man was admitted for investigation of anorexia, hypodipsia and gait disturbance. Examination showed memory disturbance and generalized muscle weakness. Investigation showed marked hypernatremia (177 mEq/l) and hypopituitarism. Water loading test showed that ADH was not stimulated by hyperosmolality but continued to be secreted at a more or less constant level approximating normal basal state. CT scan revealed hypothalamic tumor. The tumor was suspected to be germinoma due to its radiosensitivity and high serum hCG level. After irradiation, the tumor lesion disappeared. ADH secretion came to be responsive to changes in osmolality but the response of the system was markedly reduced compared with the normal response, and hypodipsia and hypernatremia still remained. We conclude that the adipsia and complete destruction of the osmoreceptor in the patient caused marked hypernatremia and the destruction of ADH osmostat improved partially after irradiation. We believe it very useful for analyzing the disturbance of osmoregulatory system to evaluate the relationship of plasma ADH to plasma osmolality.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

A comparative epidemiologic study on geographic distributions of cancers of the lung and the large intestine in Japan.

To examine what kinds of factors could have caused the geographic variation observed in lung cancer morbidity in Japan, a correlation study was performed comparing various regional traits. The same study was also conducted on large intestinal cancer, aiming to distinguish the possible urban factors associated with both cancers. Lung cancer was highly correlated with industrialization-related factors such as localization of manufacturing industries, automobile traffic and air pollution, whereas colon cancer was correlated with the population density of workers in the tertiary industries such as services, trade and government. A multiple regression analysis could not detect any single factor with an exceptionally strong influence on either cancer. The present findings suggest that the hazardous environmental condition of urban areas has, to some extent, contributed to the recent increase of lung cancer cases in this country.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1987

[A trial of sustained-release anticancer chemotherapy with silicone].

Mitomycin C (MMC) was incorporated into liquid silicone which was then vulcanized into solid form. Pellets of MMC were implanted at 5 different sites within the mediastinum of 9 dogs. Implants were removed at regular intervals after sacrificing the test animals. Though the mean doses of MMC released leveled off during 4 weeks, it began to increased rapidly after the 5 week with the result of, this one month delay compared with in vitro. Necrosis appeared to prevent MMC from liberating itself from the implants. Further, the cumulative doses of MMC released were found to be superior in the subaortic and subcarinal sites than in the other three places. No serious complications were encountered in this study.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Pineal metastasis--a case report and a review of literature].

This is a report of a rare case of pineal metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma. A 75-year-old male with a previous medical history of subtotal gastrectomy for cancer of the cardia was diagnosed as having hydrocephalus 6 months later. After undergoing a V-P shunt operation, he was transferred to Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital. The patient had neurological abnormalities: bilateral paralysis of upward eye movement, and bilateral sluggish reflex to light. Ten days later the patient suddenly fell into a coma due to intratumoral hemorrhage. The patient soon regained consciousness and received Cobalt-therapy. However he died two months later of pulmonary malfunction due to pulmonary metastasis. An autopsy revealed a pineal tumor metastasized from gastric adenocarcinoma. The tumor involved the body of the pineal gland, and was expanded having a sharply defined margin which extended to the posterior portion of the third ventricle and the bilateral basal ganglia.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1987

[Familial predisposition to cancer: a cohort study of participants in a cervical cancer screening program].

A numerous number of case-control studies have already demonstrated a certain extent of familial clustering for most human cancers. This is the first report of follow-up study with respect to familial predisposition to cancer. About 40 thousands women who participated in a cervical cancer screening program in 1977 were followed up until 1985 by using the population-based cancer registry. Cancer patients who were detected in the cohort population and their controls were compared for the family history of cancer and female reproductive history both of which had been recorded in a computer file beforehand. For large bowel cancer and breast cancer, positive effect of familial predisposition was observed, though not statistically significant.

Adult↗

PubMed1986