[Idiopathic constipation].
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Chronic Disease↗
Biomedical subjects
S Fukui
Publications and source records attributed to S Fukui.
[Idiopathic constipation].
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Constipation↗
[Three phase bone scintigraphy of reflex sympathetic dystrophy and its change with sympathetic blockade].
We examined three phase bone scintigraphy performed at various stages, covering 13 patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) of limbs. In three patients, changes following sympathetic nerve block were examined. In stage-1, radiation count in the affected limbs increased markedly in phases 1 to 3 as compared with the values in healthy limbs. In stage-2, radiation count decreased in phase-1, showed about the same level in phase-2, and maintained an increased level in phase-3. In stage-3, count decreased in phase-1 and 2, and showed about the same level in phase-3. In patients who received a chemical sympathectomy in its early stage, the count was found to have returned to normal level over a short period of time from phase 1 to 3. Three phase bone scintigraphy was considered useful in understanding the pathologic condition of RSD and follow-up evaluation of treatment mainly consisting of sympathetic nerve block.
Adult↗
Relationship between anti-aversive effects of salmon calcitonin and plasma levels of ACTH, beta-endorphin and prostaglandin E2 in mice.
We investigated whether the anti-aversive effects of salmon calcitonin (SCT) was induced by increasing ACTH and beta-endorphin and/or by decreasing of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in plasma of mice to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the analgesic effects of SCT. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of SCT inhibited acetic acid-induced aversive behavior (writhing) in a U-shaped dose response curve, the most effective dose being 0.1 IU/mouse. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of acetic acid increased, but not significantly, the levels of plasma ACTH and PGE2, but not beta-endorphin, which are considered to be psychoneuroendocrines correlated with pain. SCT (0.1 IU/mouse, i.c.v.) significantly increased plasma ACTH levels (p < 0.05) and tended to increase beta-endorphin levels (p = 0.052) in acetic acid-treated mice, whereas no change in PGE2 level was observed (p > 0.1). These results suggest that the anti-aversive effects of SCT may be mediated, at least in part, by the activation of ACTH.
Acetates↗
Novel gangliosides containing the sialyl-Le(a) structure from a human rectal adenocarcinoma.
Oligosaccharides were released from the gangliosides of a human rectal adenocarcinoma with endoglycoceramidase (Rhodococcus sp. G-74-2) and then purified by affinity chromatography on a column of an immobilized monoclonal antibody, MSW 113. Structural studies, involving 600-MHz 1H NMR spectrometry, indicated the structures of these compounds to be as follows. [formula: see text] Three of these oligosaccharides, 2, 3, and 4, are novel as to ganglioside sugar chains and contain both lacto series types 1 and 2 chains. Oligosaccharides 3 and 4 are unique in that they contain the sialyl-Le(a)-X structure in linear and branched structures. Gangliosides with the oligosaccharide structures presented above might be new potential tumor markers.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Epitopic structure of Tn glycophorin A for an anti-Tn antibody (MLS 128).
Glycophorin A was digested with glycoprotease (Pasteurella haemolytica) and the digest was fractionated by a combination of high-pressure column chromatographies to produce the glycopeptides GPA-1 to GPA-6. Sequence analysis of the glycopeptides revealed that two serine residues (Ser-14 and Ser-15) are not glycosylated, Thr-17 and Ser-19 being glycosylated instead, in disagreement with the accepted structure. The glycopeptides thus obtained were treated with sialidase and beta-galactosidase. The Tn antigenicity, as assayed by the binding to a monoclonal anti-Tn antibody (MLS 128), was found exclusively in the glycopeptides including three (cluster I) or four (cluster II) consecutive residues of GalNAc-Ser/Thr, whereas the glycopeptide (GPA-2) containing two nonconsecutive GalNAc-Ser/Thr residues had practically no Tn antigenicity. The immunoreactivities of GPA-1 and GPA-3, containing both clusters I and II, and GPA-4, containing cluster II, were 63% (calcd. 67%), 81% (calcd. 86%), and 50% (calcd. 50%), respectively, of the immunoreactivity of GPA-5 or GPA-6, containing cluster I (the average being taken as the basis), based on the reactivity per GalNAc residue. These results indicate that clusters I and II react with the antibody to the same extent. The structure consisting of three consecutive glycosylated Ser/Thr residues may be essential for Tn antigenicity in the light of previous results for ovine submaxillary mucin.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of methanesulphinic acid as a method for the determination of hydroxyl radicals.
For the determination of hydroxyl radicals, dimethyl sulphoxide was used as a molecular probe and the methanesulphinic acid produced was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography of its Fast Yellow GC salt derivative. The results for hydroxyl radicals formed using the Fenton and hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase systems agreed well with the theoretical values. Interferences from phenols, aromatic amines and amino acids, which give coloured substances by reaction with the diazonium salt, could be avoided. The recovery of methanesulphinic acid added to liver homogenates and incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C was 70.2 +/- 2.1%. The detection limit for methanesulphinic acid in a sample solution was ca. 8 ng/ml.
Animals↗
Dopamine D2 and serotonin S2 receptors in susceptibility to methamphetamine psychosis detected by positron emission tomography.
Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to assess the role of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum and serotonin S2 receptors in the frontal cortex in the susceptibility to methamphetamine-induced psychosis. Subjects were six men who had previously experienced methamphetamine psychosis (methamphetamine subjects) and 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The radiotracer used was 11C-N-methylspiperone. Although binding availability, assessed by dynamic analysis, in the two regions did not differ between the two groups, the ratio of binding availability in the striatum to that in the frontal cortex significantly decreased in the methamphetamine subjects as compared with the control subjects. These findings suggest that an imbalance in the activity of these two receptors may be related to the susceptibility to methamphetamine psychosis.
Adult↗
Novel oligosaccharides with the sialyl-Le(a) structure in human milk.
Two novel oligosaccharides with the sialyl-Le(a) structure were isolated from human milk using a monoclonal antibody, MSW 113. These oligosaccharides were purified by affinity chromatography on a column of the immobilized monoclonal antibody and by high-performance liquid chromatography, and structurally characterized by a combination of 600-MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The structural studies indicated the structures of these oligosaccharides to be: [formula: see text]
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Prevalence of volatile solvent inhalation among junior high school students in Japan and background life style of users.
In order to estimate the prevalence of volatile solvent inhalation among junior high school students in Japan and to assess certain characteristics of the lifestyle of these users, the authors surveyed 5240 students 12-15 years of age. This was the first major survey of the prevalence of volatile solvent inhalation among junior high school students in Japan, from the point of view of the number of subjects and schools. 1.5% of subjects were students who had inhaled solvents. The regularity of life style rhythm was more significantly disturbed in Lifetime Users than in Non-Users. School life and family life were significantly less relaxed for Lifetime Users than for Non-Users. Drinking alcohol and smoking had a strong relationship with inhaling volatile solvents. The authors suggest that greatly increasing education on the harmful effects of volatile solvents inhalation and increasing the frequency with which the entire family eats dinner together will be an effective prevention strategy in Japan.
Adolescent↗
[Evaluation of surgical treatment for chronic subdural hematoma in extremely aged (over 80 years old) patients].
A consecutive series of 76 aged (over 80 years old; 50 male, 26 female) patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) was studied. They were analyzed about interval form trauma, preoperative grade according to Bender scale, coexisting disease, volume and location of hematoma, surgical procedures, postoperative outcome and complications. Sixty-six% of patients had a history of trauma. Clinical findings at the time of admission were graded according to Bender scale. The majority of patients belonged to grade 2 (41 cases) and grade 3 (23 cases) followed by grade 1 (8 cases) and grade 4 (4 cases). The volume of CSDH was classified into three group; under 79 ml (21 cases), between 80 and 119 ml (28 cases), over 120 ml (27 cases). Almost all of patients were operated by burr hole, irrigation with drainage or Ommaya's reservoir. Six cases needed reoperation. Six cases suffered from infections. Sixty-eight (89%) patients improved at the time of discharge. Surgical procedure is the best choice for CSDH even in extremely aged patients.
Aged↗
A mutant alpha-amylase with enhanced activity specific for short substrates.
The 210th lysine (K210) at the active site in Saccharomycopsis fibuligera alpha-amylase was altered to arginine (R) or asparagine (N) by site-directed mutagenesis. Replacement of K210 by R strengthened the 7th and weakened the 8th subsite affinities. K210 was found to contribute to both the 8th and the 7th subsites. The catalytic activity of the K210R enzyme for the hydrolysis of maltose (G2) was three-times higher than that of the native enzyme due to an increase in the affinity of the 7th subsite adjacent to the catalytic site, whereas the activity of the K210N enzyme for G2 was decreased to 1% of that of the native enzyme by a reduction in the 7th subsite affinity.
Amylose↗
Cancer-associated glycoproteins defined by a monoclonal antibody, MLS 128, recognizing the Tn antigen.
A murine monoclonal antibody, MLS 128, recognizing the Tn antigen, was established and used for characterization of glycoproteins expressing the Tn antigen. The Tn antigen was expressed on three polypeptide chains with molecular weights of 250k, 210k and 150k daltons. LS 180 cells were labeled with 3H-glucosamine or 35S-sulfate metabolically, and then the immunoprecipitate derived from the cell lysate was subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by fluorography. It was revealed that these Tn antigen glycoproteins were produced through the processing of a high molecular weight precursor. The carbohydrate moieties of the Tn antigen glycoproteins labeled with 3H-glucosamine were released with alkaline-borohydride, and the released sugars were examined by gel filtration and paper chromatography. The carbohydrates predominantly consisted of GalNAc and sialyl GalNAc (greater than 90%), with a nearly equal distribution.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Alteration of bond-cleavage pattern in the hydrolysis catalyzed by Saccharomycopsis alpha-amylase altered by site-directed mutagenesis.
The 210th lysine (K) residue in the Saccharomycopsis alpha-amylase (Sfamy) molecule was replaced by arginine (R) and asparagine (N) residues by site-directed mutagenesis. The influences of the replacements on the bond-cleavage pattern for several substrates were analyzed. Both mutant enzymes, K210R and K210N, cleave mainly the first glycosidic bond from the reducing end of maltotetraose (G4), while the native enzyme hydrolyzes mainly the second bond from the reducing end. We changed successfully the major cleavage point in the hydrolysis reaction of G4. The 8th subsite affinities of the K210R and K210N enzymes are calculated to be +2.52 and -0.01 kcal/mol, respectively, whereas that of the native enzyme is +3.32 kcal/mol as reported in the previous paper. These affinity values suggest that the K210 residue composes the 8th subsite, one of major subsites, and that a positively charged amino residue is necessary for the 8th subsite affinity. The K210N enzyme is found to be less active for short substrates like maltotetraose (G4) than for long substrates like amylose A (approximately G18). The reduced catalytic activity specifically for the short substrates is also attributable to the remarkable decrease in the affinity of the 8th subsite.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Molecular cloning of cDNAs for human fibroblast nucleotide pyrophosphatase.
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase (NPPase) activity is markedly elevated in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients of Lowe's syndrome. cDNA clones encoding the NPPase were isolated using synthetic oligonucleotide probes designed on the basis of partial amino acid sequence of the enzyme purified from human placenta. The complete sequences of these clones yielded a merged sequence of 3508 bases. The polypeptide chain of the enzyme was deduced to comprise 873 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 99,703 and had the characteristics of a class II transmembrane protein. Ten potential N-glycosylation sites were detected in the protein. RNA blot analysis showed that human fibroblasts contain two minor mRNAs of 7.0 and 8.2 kb, respectively, in addition to a major 3.6-kb species that coincides with the merged cDNA in size. A computer search of a nucleotide sequence data-base revealed that plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1, whose function was unknown at the time, is identical with the NPPase. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the NPPase with the active site sequence of bovine 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase allowed the assignment of a putative active site domain to the central region of the COOH-terminal extracellular domain of the NPPase. The gene for human NPPase was localized to chromosome 6 at q22-q23 by in situ hybridization with a fragment of the NPPase cDNA.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Assessment of valvular regurgitation using cine magnetic resonance imaging coupled with phase compensation technique: comparison with Doppler color flow mapping.
To elucidate whether or not a newly developed technique in cinematic-displayed (cine) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve the semiquantitative evaluation of valvular regurgitant flow, 20 patients with valvular lesions were studied. Three pulse sequences of cine MRI, ie, standard, short echo time (TE), and rephasing scans, were compared with reference obtained by Doppler color flow mapping. Short TE technique and rephasing scan technique improved image quality remarkably as compared with standard technique. Each of the three cine MRI techniques showed good correlation with the Doppler method (p < 0.001). However, short TE and rephasing scan techniques gave a faithful estimation of the extent as compared with the Doppler method, whereas standard technique overestimated the regurgitation. Thus, cine magnetic resonance imaging with phase compensation technique can be utilized for the semiquantitative assessment of valvular regurgitation in a manner similar to that of Doppler color flow mapping.
Aged↗
Cloning and molecular analysis of cDNA encoding a carboxymethylcellulase of the yeast Cryptococcus flavus.
A cDNA copy for carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase 1) of the yeast Cryptococcus flavus was cloned by screening an expression cDNA library with anti-CMCase 1 antibody. The sequence of the cDNA had an open reading frame of 1023 bp that encoded a preprotein of 341 amino acids with a molecular weight of 35,698. The putative precursor begins with a hydrophobic segment that possibly acts as a signal sequence for secretion, which is followed by a presumed prosequence and a sequence consistent with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of secreted CMCase 1. No potential N-glycosylation site was found in the sequence of putative pro-CMCase 1. Comparison of the deduced protein sequence shows that the C. flavus CMCase 1 is partially homologous to the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase EGIII. Alignment of the cDNA copy and the chromosomal DNA showed seven putative introns of 45 to 134 bp. When introduced into E. coli, the cDNA directed the synthesis of CMCase 1 as seen by CMCase activity and Western blotting using anti-CMCase 1 antibody.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Relationship between O2- generation in situ and histopathological findings in the colon of rats treated with ischemia-reperfusion.
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Animals↗