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Biomedical subjects

S Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to S Fukuda.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The effect of intrathymic injection of donor blood on the graft versus host reaction and cardiac allograft survival in the rat.

Our previous paper reported that it was difficult to induce tolerance using donor specific transfusion (DST) in Lewis rats, while in DA and PVG rats it was possible to induce tolerance using DST. In this paper we investigated the effects of DST in a local graft versus host reaction (GVHR) model using these rat strains. The following results were obtained: (i) DST suppressed the GVHR in the DA rat but not in the Lewis rat; (ii) DST did not suppress GVHR in PVG rat strain, but lymphocytes, prepared from the PVG rats that were tolerant of Lewis heart grafts induced by DST, could suppress the the GVHR; and (iii) in Lewis rats, intrathymic injection of whole blood suppressed the GVHR, suggesting this route of antigen delivery might be effective in prolonging allograft survival. Cardiac allograft survival in this strain was prolonged in some cases after pretreatment with intrathymic donor whole blood. These results suggest the value of the GVHR in the assessment of new protocols to induce allograft tolerance in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Enhanced isolation of influenza virus in conventional plate cell cultures by using low-speed centrifugation from clinical specimens.

To determine whether low-speed centrifugation as a means of amplifying viral adsorption to target cells can enhance the sensitivity of conventional techniques for the isolation of influenza virus from clinical specimens, the authors conducted a simultaneous comparison between two conventional plate cell cultures--one with and one without centrifugation (700 X g, 60 minutes). Of 26 influenza virus isolates obtained from 528 clinical specimens, 17 were more efficiently isolated by the centrifugation assay compared with conventional culture methods. Centrifugation-assisted methods were found to be efficient in the recovery of 17 of 20 isolates (85%) not identified on first passage by conventional techniques. The number of isolates obtained with centrifugation was 1.5 times as high as that obtained with no centrifugation after three passages. The two assays were significantly different in the isolation of influenza virus (P less than 0.01). Since low-speed centrifugation may increase the infectivity of influenza virus in cell culture, this technique may prove useful in the efficient and rapid isolation of this virus from clinical specimens.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Purification and partial characterization of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase from human liver.

A deficiency in alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase is known as mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB or Sanfilippo B syndrome. We purified this enzyme almost 39,000-fold from liver to homogeneity with 3% recovery. Use of concanavalin A (Con A)-Sepharose and heparin-Sepharose resulted in 13.4-fold and 11.6-fold purifications of the enzymatic activity, respectively. The molecular mass was estimated to be 300 kDa by gel filtration and 80 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The isoelectric point was 5.1, optimal pH was 4.5, and the Km for p-nitrophenyl alpha-N-acetylglucosamine was 0.13-0.20 mM. The purified enzyme was stable at 50 degrees C for 1 h and within the pH range of 6.5-8.5. Anti-serum against the purified enzyme raised in BALB/c mice inhibited the activities of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

Observation of spinal canal and cisternae with the newly developed small-diameter, flexible fiberscopes.

Small-diameter (0.5-, 0.9-, and 1.4-mm) flexible fiberscopes were developed for visual diagnosis of spinal canal diseases. The fiberscopes were introduced via a Tuohy needle into the subarachnoid and epidural spaces of ten patients with various pain syndromes. Clear visualization of the subarachnoid space was achieved using the fiberscopes. The epidural space could be visualized only during withdrawal of the fiberscope. In five cases, the fiberscope could be advanced up to the level of the cisternae without causing the patient any discomfort. A slight headache and transient fever were noted after the examination in five and two cases, respectively, but no other complications occurred. Interestingly, preexisting pain diminished (two cases) or disappeared (one case) after the myeloscopy in three of five cases in which the myeloscopy revealed aseptic adhesive arachnoiditis. Further studies should be carried out to evaluate the usefulness of this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) as a model for osteoporosis.

Since previous studies on SHRSP showed various abnormalities in Ca metabolism, aged SHRSP together with age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) were examined for bone mineral density and contents as well as bone histomorphometry and mechanical properties. SHRSP and WKY, 10 rats of each group at the age of 7 to 8 months were sacrificed with or without tetracycline and calcein labellings for the estimation of mineral appositional rate. Both femurs, tibia and the 1st lumbar vertebra were extirpated from each rat; one femur was used for mineral density and content analyses and the other was used for analyzing mechanical properties by three point-bending and torque methods (Maruto, MZ500D). Mineral density and cortical thickness index were decreased significantly in SHRSP compared with WKY, and Ca contents were decreased as well. Correspondingly femurs from SHRSP were proven to be fragile in the maximum bending stress. Undecalcified histological sections of tibial proximal epiphysis histomorphometrically indicated bone volume and trabecular thickness were significantly decreased in SHRSP. These findings together with others indicate SHRSP can be a good model for spontaneous osteoporosis in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII: characterization of mutations and molecular heterogeneity.

We identified two different exonic point mutations causing beta-glucuronidase (beta G1) deficiency in two Japanese patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPSVII). Enzyme assay of lysates of the lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts showed little residual activity. The beta G1-specific mRNA levels were normal, as determined by northern blot analysis. Mutated cDNA clones, including the entire coding sequence, were isolated using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products derived from beta G1-deficient fibroblasts. Sequence analysis of the full-length mutated cDNAs showed C----T transitions, which resulted in a single Ala619----Val change (case 1, a 24-year-old male) and a Arg382----Cys change (case 2, a 7-year-old female). The former change was revealed by a loss of the cleavage site for the Fnu4HI in the mutated cDNA. On the basis of the loss of Fnu4HI restriction site, the patient (case 1) was a homozygote with this mutation. The mutational change in patient 2 was confirmed by direct sequencing and by demonstrating heterozygosity for the mutation in her parents. The Ala619----Val and Arg382----Cys mutations each disrupt a different domain which is highly conserved among human, rat, and Escherichia coli beta G1s. Each of these two amino acid changes reduced the beta G1 activity of the corresponding mutant beta G1 expressed following transfection of COS cells with expression vectors harboring the mutated cDNAs.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Acute pulmonary thromboembolism after coronary artery bypass grafting].

The cases of acute pulmonary thromboembolism after coronary artery bypass surgery have been rarely reported in Japan. We, however, experienced 2 cases of them and lost them against intensive therapy. In Mitsui Memorial Hospital, 6 cases of pulmonary thromboembolism had been diagnosed in 1990 (0.074% in admission patients), four of the cases had occurred following surgical procedures. Its manifestations are deceivingly nonspecific and are difficult to distinguish perioperative myocardial infarction, pericardial tamponade, and pneumothorax, especially in postoperative states. We would like to emphasize that acute pulmonary thromboembolism is getting important problems also in Japan.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Microstructures of the bony modiolus in the human cochlea: a scanning electron microscopic study.

The structures of the bony modiolus of the human cochlea are studied by scanning electron microscopy after macerating the organic material with a NaOCl solution. The modiolus on the scala vestibuli side had a canal for the spiral modiolar artery. Ducts for the radiating arterioles spread radially from the canal, and opened to furrows in the roof of the scala vestibuli. The surface of the modiolus facing the scala tympani was lace-like with numerous pores. Just beneath the bone surface were a modiolar canal for the spiral ganglion and spirally-arranged spaces for the anterior and posterior spiral veins. The spiral spaces for the veins had windows (fenestrations) leading to the scala tympani. The openings in the bone on the scala vestibuli and tympani sides of the modiolus are considered to be communication routes for the transport of fluids from the perineural and perivascular spaces in the modiolus to the perilymph in the scalae.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1991

[5-fluorouracil concentration in gastroenterological tumor tissues, in adjacent normal tissues, and in serum after preoperative oral administration of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR)].

The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-concentration in resected tumor tissues was compared with that in the adjacent normal tissues or that in serum. Twenty-three patients with cancer of the digestive organs [(carcinoma of the stomach (12), colon (6), gallbladder (1), liver (1), ampulla of Vater (1), bile duct (1) and pancreas (1)] were administered orally 600-1, 200 mg/day of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) for 3 to 5 consecutive preoperative days. The average 5-FU-concentration in tumor tissues of 14 patients with 16 specimens measured 5 hours after final administration of 5'-DFUR was 62 ng/g. This level was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (21 ng/g, p less than 0.01). With 10 out of these 14 patients, the 5-FU-concentration in the serum was also measured. Among these 10 patients, the concentration of 5-FU in tumors (54 ng/g) was significantly higher than in adjacent normal tissues (19 ng/g) and in serum (12 ng/ml). At 6 to 9 hours after final administration, the mean concentration of 5-FU was 33 ng/g (n = 4) in tumor tissues, 30 ng/g (n = 5) in adjacent normal tissues and 24 ng/ml in serum. There was no significant difference among these mean values. For 4 patients whose specimens were taken at 17 to 18 hours after the last 5-FU administration, the mean concentration of 5-FU was 29 ng/g (n = 4) in tumor tissues, 14 ng/g (n = 3) in adjacent normal tissues and 4 ng/ml (n = 2) in serum.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma by continuous intravenous injection of prostaglandin E1].

We had five cases of surgical removal of pheochromocytoma by continuous intravenous injection of prostaglandin E1. During anesthesia, we used Swan-Ganz catheter for circulatory monitoring and measured plasma catecholamines. When PGE1 dose was increased from 0.05 to 0.1 and 0.15 microgram.kg-1.min-1, total systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure were decreased but heart rate and cardiac output were not significantly altered from the preanesthetic values. Plasma catecholamines were also similar to the preanesthetic values. Therefore, the results suggest that the mechanism of suppression of hypertension by PGE1 is by affecting vascular beds directly rather than by diminishing catecholamine excretion from sympathetic nerve and adrenal medulla. During manipulation of pheochromocytoma, mean arterial blood pressure increased extremely. Although PGE1 was injected at a rate of 0.3 to 0.5 microgram.kg-1.min-1 in some cases, we could not suppress the elevation of blood pressure. PGE1 alone could not normalize blood pressure and heart rate, and other cardiovascular agents were necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Surgical treatment of PDA in the elderly patient accompanied with aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery].

A case of the elder PDA with aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery is reported. The patient was a 59-year-old female who had been suffering from severe heart failure. The PDA was closed directly from inside of the pulmonary artery using balloon catheter under usual cardiopulmonary bypass with limited circulatory arrest, and the aneurysm was repaired by aneurysmorrhaphy. The postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged after 34 postoperative days. The pathological finding of the aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery is a cystic mucoid degeneration like a finding of Marfan syndrome. The etiology of the aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery seems to be extended Ao-PA shunt besides somewhat congenital change of the pulmonary artery.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1991

[The surgical treatment of aortic regurgitation with aneurysm of the ascending aorta].

The surgical treatment of the aortic regurgitation with aneurysm of ascending aorta has been considered by Wheat, Bentall and Cabrol as improved combined techniques. 24 cases of the aortic regurgitation with aneurysm of ascending aorta that had been operated in Mitsui Memorial Hospital from November 1975 to August 1990 were examined their late results with the classification of 3 types of operative techniques (aortic valve replacement alone, Bentall's procedure, and Cabrol's procedure). 5 cases of them with aortic valve replacement alone were elected by their aortic angiographic findings, were not significant differences in their late results in the other cases with Bentall's or Cabrol's procedures. So we considered that treatment of the ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic regurgitation would not be necessary to operate with the combined techniques, but their selection of the indication would be limited in the cases that were not widened in aortic ring diameter in their preoperative angiography, and not complicated the systemic diseases such as Marfan's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The perioperative management of dialysis for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery with chronic renal failure].

Several methods of dialysis have been employed to maintain the perioperative water-electrolyte balance caused by the disorders with chronic renal failure. We have experienced 13 cases of coronary artery bypass surgery with chronic renal failure, and employed hemodialysis (HD) in 5 cases, hemodialysis with extracorporeal ultrafiltration method (HD + ECUM) in 5 cases, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in 3 cases for perioperative management. The perioperative changes of the circulatory blood volume and the fluid-balance, were assumed by positive reaction with varied over 60 mmHg in systolic blood pressure or demanded over double dose of catecholamines in each observed terms until the next day of the patients extubated. The cases with HD or HD + ECUM have changed the blood pressure more frequently (HD cases = 21%, HD + ECUM cases = 19%) than the cases with CAPD (CAPD cases = 3%). We conclude that the each methods are available to manage perioperative dialysis to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting should be employed with some techniques, CAPD will be the most favorable method to maintain the fluid balance stably for patients with severe compromised cardiac function.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A simultaneous operation of CABG and bilateral femoropopliteal bypass: report of a successful case].

A 62-year-old man with both coronary artery disease and leg ischemia was successfully treated with a combined revascularization procedure. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was carried out using in situ left internal thoracic artery and right gastroepiploic artery grafts, and bilateral femoropopliteal bypass grafting were performed reversed saphenous vein grafts simultaneously. The patient recovered well and experienced neither angina nor intermittent claudication.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1991

[Gallbladder function and CCK after gastrectomy].

Postgastrectomy cholelithiasis has become a problem and biliary tract dyskinesia has been cited as an etiologic factor. CCK is the most important gut hormone with respect to biliary tract function, so we conducted an experimental study of postgastrectomy gallbladder function and CCK levels which gave the following results: 1. Although postprandial gallbladder contraction for the most part occurred in response to endogenous CCK, another mechanism (the gastro-cholecystic reflex) seemed to be responsible for some of them. 2. The postgastrectomy decrease in postprandial gallbladder contraction appeared to be due to disappearance of this gastro-cholecystic reflex. 3. Gallbladder contraction occurred in association with postprandial CCK secretion following total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction, but the altered food passage route caused changes in the dynamics of CCK secretion, and this is believed to have had an influence on the gallbladder contractile response.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Pulmonary acinar development in diaphragmatic hernia.

Pulmonary acinar development was assessed in 17 autopsy cases of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with diaphragmatic hernia. Morphologic examination was conducted by light and electron microscopy, and morphometric study was achieved by radial alveolar count and biochemical quantitation of surfactant phospholipid. In most cases of unilateral diaphragmatic hernia, the ipsilateral lung was underdeveloped morphologically and biochemically compared with the contralateral lung. However, both ipsilateral and contralateral lungs were well developed in some cases of unilateral diaphragmatic hernia. Thus, acinar development of hypoplastic lung in diaphragmatic hernia is varied. The influence of other conditions, such as oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, and other anomalies that may influence retention of lung fluid or fetal respiratory movement, should be considered to assess the acinar development of hypoplastic lung in diaphragmatic hernia.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on HLA typing in a family line with spontaneous pneumothorax].

Our patient with spontaneous pneumothorax is the oldest brother of 3 siblings. Pneumothorax had occurred in his younger sister and in 3 of his mother's 4 siblings also. Namely, pneumothorax had occurred in 5 (including our patient) of 7 persons, family line on mother's side, and thoracotomy had been performed in 3 of them. Two cases in which operative findings were obtained were introduced. Next, HLA and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) were determined in this family line. As the result, the alpha 1-AT all remained in the normal range and HLA typing was not in a special relation to the occurrence of pneumothorax in this family line.

Female↗