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Biomedical subjects

S Fukuda

Publications and source records attributed to S Fukuda.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap combined with vascularized costal cartilages in reconstructive craniofacial surgery.

The efficacy of osteocutaneous or vascularized bone flaps for reconstruction of massive skeletal and soft-tissue defects has been supported by recent descriptions in the literature. In this article we presented an alternative technique, which is the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap combined with vascularized eighth and ninth costal cartilages, for reconstruction of midfacial composite defects. The vascular pedicle of the composite flap is the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein. The costal cartilages are supplied by the perichondrial vascular network through the anterior intercostal vessels connecting with the deep epigastric vascular system. Vascularized costal cartilages are considered to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and resorption of this material. This technique is a useful tool for restoration of craniofacial contour in reconstructive head and neck surgery.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1997

Distribution of a synthetic protease inhibitor in rat pancreatic acini after supramaximal secretagogue stimulation.

Protease inhibitors may have a beneficial effect in acute pancreatitis. The effects of E3123, a new low molecular weight protease inhibitor, on the ultrastructure of isolated pancreatic acini were examined using transmission electron microscopy. Acini supramaximally stimulated with cerulein (10(-8) M) formed large cytoplasmic vacuoles similar to those generated in the cerulein-induced in vivo model of pancreatitis. Pretreatment of isolated acini with E3123 significantly reduced the size and number of vacuoles associated with cerulein treatment. The distribution of 3H-E3123 in acinar cells was examined using a pulse-chase protocol and electron microscopic autoradiography. Cellular levels of 3H-E3123 increased about 30-fold in acinar cells treated with cerulein (10(-8) M) compared to unstimulated controls. In cerulein-treated acini examined after a 5-min chase, 47.4% of the autoradiographic grains were associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and 13.2% were associated with zymogen granules. After 30 min of incubation, the grains associated with the endoplasmic reticulum decreased to 18.5% but increased to 26.3% over zymogen granules. Thus, E3123 is taken up by the acinar cell and follows a cellular itinerary similar to that of newly synthesized secretory proteins. One potential conclusion from these studies is that the ability of E3123 to reduce the formation of vacuoles in supra-maximally stimulated acini may be due to its inhibition of proteases within the secretory pathway.

Amylases↗
PubMed1997

No evidence of mutation in the human PTC gene, responsible for nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, in human primary squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus and lung.

The high frequency of loss of heterozygosity that has been observed on the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 9 in squamous cell carcinomas of esophagus, lung, uterus, and head and neck indicates the presence of a tumor suppressor gene(s) in this region. To investigate the possible role of the PTC gene on chromosome 9q22.3, that was identified as the cause of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, during carcinogenesis in esophagus and lung, we examined 20 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and 10 squamous cell carcinomas of the lung for mutations in any coding exon of PTC. Using single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct sequencing, we detected no mutations other than two non-deleterious polymorphisms. Our results suggest that inactivation of some tumor suppressor gene(s) on 9q other than PTC contributes to the development of squamous cell carcinomas in these tissues.

Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Isolation of a novel gene showing reduced expression in metastatic colorectal carcinoma cell lines and carcinomas.

To investigate genes involved in metastatic stages of cancer, we analyzed expression of mRNAs in three cell lines derived from murine colon adenocarcinoma 26 by means of a differential display method. Each of these lines exhibits distinct metastatic characteristics. Among many bands representing different expression patterns in the display, we confirmed by northern analysis that a gene corresponding to one amplified fragment, termed grm2 (gene related to metastasis 2), was expressed more abundantly in NL4, the derivative with the lowest metastatic potential, than in cell lines NL17, an experimentally metastatic derivative, and in NL22, a spontaneously metastatic derivative. Using the grm2 fragment as a probe, we isolated murine cDNA clones and subsequently human cDNA clones corresponding to the GRM2 gene. The human and mouse homologues both encode proteins of 600 amino-acid residues, which show weak homologies to proteins belonging to the myosin family. When we examined the expression levels of this novel gene in human colon cancers and in corresponding metastatic foci, we found that in more than half of these tissues, expression was significantly reduced in association with malignant potential. Our results imply that in humans the GRM2 gene product may regulate the metastatic phenotype of some colorectal cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar atrophy, ataxia, cataracts, short stature and varying degrees of mental retardation. A high incidence of malignant disease associated with this syndrome has not so far been reported. We report the case of a 6-year-old girl affected with Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome, who developed acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML, M2), and whose karyotype was 46,XX,t(8;21),(q22;q22) in bone marrow blasts. This is the first report of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome associated with malignant disorders.

Brain↗
PubMed1997

Extracellular ATP promotes cellular growth of renal inner medullary collecting duct cells mediated via P2u receptors.

The present study was undertaken to determine whether extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) promotes cellular proliferation of cultured rat renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. Extracellular ATP increased inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) production and cellular free calcium concentration - [Ca2+]i - in a dose-dependent manner. ATP also caused a transient cellular acidification. Extracellular ATP activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and [3H]thymidine incorporation in a dose-dependent manner. However, such effects were not obtained with adenosine 5'-diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and adenosine. In addition, uridine triphosphate, a P(2u) purinergic agonist, increased IP3 production and activated MAP kinase. 2-Methylthio ATP, a P(2y) purinergic agonist, also increased IP3 production, but did not affect the MAP kinase activity. We also examined the effect of arginine vasopressin on cellular growth. Arginine vasopressin did not alter MAP kinase activity and [3H]thymidine incorporation in cultured rat renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. These results indicate that extracellular ATP activates phospholipase C mediated through P(2u) and P(2y) purinergic receptors and promotes cellular proliferation mediated through P(2u) purinergic receptors in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

Synthesis of glycosyl-trehaloses by cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase through the transglycosylation reaction.

Cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus stearothermophilus produced a series of glycosyl-trehaloses through the transglycosylation reaction with cyclomaltohexaose as the glycosyl donor and trehalose as its acceptor. After beta-amylase treatment, five species of glycosyl-trehaloses were isolated by column chromatography. After chemical and enzymatic analyses, it was concluded that these oligosaccharides were alpha-maltosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, alpha-maltotriosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, alpha-maltosyl alpha-maltoside, alpha-maltotriosyl alpha-maltoside, and alpha-maltotriosyl alpha-maltotrioside. These were not hydrolyzed by salivary amylase, artificial gastric juice, or pancreatic amylase, however they were hydrolyzed by enzymes of the small intestine.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Synthesis by an alpha-glucosidase of glycosyl-trehaloses with an isomaltosyl residue.

Glycosyl-trehaloses with an isomaltosyl residue were synthesized by alpha-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger by using maltotetraose as a glucosyl donor and trehalose as the acceptor. The one trisaccharide and two tetrasaccharides formed were isolated by successive column chromatography. The results of an enzymatic digestion, methylation analysis, and 13C-NMR studies indicated that these oligosaccharides were alpha-isomaltosyl alpha-glucoside, alpha-isomaltotriosyl alpha-glucoside and alpha-isomaltoside. These oligosaccharides were not fermented to an acid by Streptococcus mutans, and they effectively inhibited water-insoluble glucan synthesis from sucrose by glucosyltransferase. In an in vitro utilization test with human intestinal bacteria, these oligosaccharides were predominantly utilized by Bifidobacteria.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1997

High prevalence of the CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains in Japanese asymptomatic patients and gastric cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that infection of Helicobacter pylori strains possessing cagA is associated with atrophic gastritis and gastric cancers. METHOD: In 58 pairs of early gastric cancer patients and sex- and age-matched controls, isolated H. pylori strains were tested for possession of cagA. The presence of atrophic gastritis was also examined. RESULTS: Proportions of cagA-positive strains were 100% in cancer patients and 92.3% in controls. Atrophic gastritis was seen in 96.7% and 95.8% of cancer and control patients in whom cagA-positive strains (NS) were detected. However, it was seen in only 20% of H. pylori-negative control patients (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present results do not suggest any specific association between cagA-positive strains and gastric cancer. However, frequent prevalence of cagA-positive strains might be associated with the high incidence of atrophic gastritis in Japanese populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Relationship between distortion product otoacoustic emissions and pure tone thresholds in normal and hearing-impaired ears].

To establish clinical criteria for distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in order to distinguish normal-hearing from hearing-impaired ears, DPOAEs were measured and evaluated in 325 normal and 291 cochlear-impaired human ears using an ILO92 Otoacoustic Emission Analyzer. The background noise level was too variational in each individual ear to ignore in DPOAE measurements. Therefore, the value of the difference between the DPOAE amplitude and the background noise level (DPOAE noise) was calculated and compared with the pure tone threshold at 1 kHz, 2 kHz and 4 kHz. It was difficult, however, to precisely separate normal-hearing and hearing impaired ears with DPOAE noise values because many normal ears presented small amplitudes of DPOAEs and some impaired ears showed high amplitudes. Therefore, cumulative distributions of sensitivity (normal hearing ears identified as normal hearing) and specificity (hearing impaired ears identified as hearing impaired) were constructed and used to calculate a cut off point for DPOAE-noise in order to separate normal hearing from hearing impaired ears. It is considered that the cut-off points (DPOAE noise values of 7.3 dB at 1 kHz, 10.3 dB at 2 kHz and 16.1 dB at 4 kHz) at which the false alarm rates (1 specificity: the rate of hearing impaired ears incorrectly identified as normal hearing) correspond to 5% can be useful for clinical evaluation of DPOAEs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Improved localizing method of radiopill in measurement of entire gastrointestinal pH profiles: colonic luminal pH in normal subjects and patients with Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To measure gastrointestinal (GI) pH profiles in patients with Crohn's disease with an improved pH radiotelemetry method. METHODS: A computer-assisted method was developed to exactly localize a pH sensitive radiotelemetry capsule (radiopill) in the GI tract from the stomach to the cecum by detecting distinct changes in transmitted pH signals sampled at 1-sec intervals. The combined usage of a radiodirectional probe facilitated localization of the radiopill in the colon. With this improved method, GI pH profiles in four patients (male/female, 3/1; age range, 21-34 yr) with Crohn's disease that involved the left colon (active disease: 3; disease at quiescent state, 1) were measured and compared with those in four gender- and age-matched control subjects (controls). RESULTS: Gastric and small intestinal luminal pH profiles in Crohn's disease were similar to those in the controls. In contrast, colonic luminal pH profiles in both right (uninvolved) and left (involved) colon in active or quiescent Crohn's disease showed more coarse fluctuations with a significantly low value than those seen in the controls. The minimum colonic pH registered in the four patients was 0.6, 1.2, 3.2, and 5.3 pH unit, respectively. The overall mean luminal pH (+/-SD) in the right colon was 5.3 +/- 0.3 for the patients versus 6.8 +/- 0.2 for the controls (p < 0.01) and that in the left colon was 5.3 +/- 0.7 versus 7.2 +/- 0.3 (p < 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study first demonstrates that an extremely acidic colonic environment occurs in either active or inactive Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Involvement of thromboxane A2 and histamine in experimental allergic rhinitis of guinea pigs.

To identify the chemical mediators involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, we studied the effects of the thromboxane (TX) A2 receptor antagonist seratrodast, the peptide leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast and the antihistamine azelastine using a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis. In guinea pigs actively sensitized by aerosol inhalation of antigen, antigen challenge into the nasal cavity increased both the nasal vascular permeability and the intranasal pressure; it also induced swelling of the nasal mucosa, which was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Both seratrodast and azelastine significantly inhibited these antigen-induced responses when the drugs were administered p.o. 1 hr before antigen challenge. Also, the TX synthetase inhibitor ozagrel reduced the antigen-induced increase in nasal vascular permeability. On the other hand, pranlukast had little effect on the antigen-induced increases in nasal vascular permeability and intranasal pressure. Perfusions and inhalations of U-46619, a stable TXA2 mimetic, or of histamine into the nasal cavity caused concentration-dependent increases in nasal vascular permeability and intranasal pressure in normal guinea pigs. Leukotriene C4 also induced these responses, but the maximal responses to leukotriene C4 were less than the maximal responses to U-46619 or histamine. On the other hand, these responses were not induced by prostaglandin D2 or prostaglandin F2alpha. Moreover, the U-46619- and histamine-induced increases in vascular permeability and intranasal pressure were significantly inhibited by seratrodast and azelastine, respectively. In addition, levels of TXB2, a stable breakdown product of TXA2, and histamine in nasal lavage fluid increased after antigen challenge in actively sensitized guinea pigs. These results suggest that TXA2 and histamine play important roles in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1997

[Anesthetic managements for pericardiectomy of three patients with constrictive pericarditis].

We experienced three patients with constrictive pericarditis who underwent pericardiectomy. Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) was carried out in two patients because of unstable hemodynamics caused by massive bleeding or cardiac compression due to surgical manipulation. In the other patient with severe tachycardia, we prepared PCPS before the induction of anesthesia, and could manage the whole course of anesthesia satisfactorily. It is suggested that PCPS is the most reliable way to support hemodynamics during anesthesia in patients with constrictive pericarditis.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1997

Detection of varicella-zoster virus DNA in patients with acute peripheral facial palsy by the polymerase chain reaction, and its use for early diagnosis of zoster sine herpete.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation without cutaneous vesicles (zoster sine herpete) has been demonstrated in 8 to 25% of patients with acute peripheral facial palsy (APFP) by serological methods. To make an early diagnosis of zoster sine herpete, VZV DNA in oropharyngeal swabs from patients with APFP was examined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). VZV DNA was detected in oropharyngeal swabs from 6 of 36 (17%) patients with APFP by PCR. VZV DNA was detected in the oropharyngeal swabs from the six patients at their initial visit (2 to 4 days after the onset of APFP), while the anti-VZV IgM and IgG antibody titers were not increased significantly. In contrast, VZV DNA was undetectable in the oropharyngeal swabs at the time when the VZV specific antibody response appeared. These results indicate that detection of VZV DNA in oropharyngeal swabs by PCR is more useful than currently available serological assays for the early diagnosis of zoster sine herpete in patients with APFP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of treatment for carcinoma of the papilla of Vater].

105 cases of resected carcinoma of the papilla of Vater were studied and 5-year cumulative survival rate of PD was 56.5% and that of each stage was as follows: stage I 93.3%, stage II 70.2%, stage III 7.3%, stage IV 0%. The most significant histological factor influencing on prognosis was pancreatic invasion. 3-year survival rate of panc1a was 75.0%, significantly much better than that of panc1b (29.8%). The lymph node metastasis was frequently noted at no. 14 (11.5%). All of no. 14 lymph-adenectomy and no. 16 lymph-adenectomy on the case suspected as pancreatic parenchymal invasion, produced long-term survive even with metastasis of no. 14. This method led improvement of prognosis of stage II and stage III determined by lymph node factor. However, each prognosis of panc 1b, 2, 3 cases was not improved by this method, especially panc2, 3 cases survived fewer than only 2 years. Extended lymphadenectomy and multimodality therapy were needed on the cases which were suspected as pancreatic parenchymal invasion.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1997

Isolated third nerve palsy due to sarcoidosis.

We present a 28-year-old man with isolated third nerve palsy as the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis. MRI demonstrated abnormal enhancement of the cisternal portion of the right third nerve. One month after steroid therapy, he showed almost complete recovery with resolution of the contrast enhancement on MRI. This patient illustrates the usefulness of enhanced MRI for detection of cranial nerve lesions of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗