Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to S Fujiwara.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Cerebral angiography following hyperventilation in moyamoya disease--in reference to the "re-build up" phenomenon on EEG].

It is a well known fact that ischemic symptoms are apt to be induced after hyperventilation in child case of Moyamoya disease. We have previously noted that characteristic EEG findings are seen after hyperventilation in this disease. Among these findings, characteristic slow waves which appear after the disappearance or attenuation of ordinary build up have been labelled as "re-build up". Since this phenomenon is highly pathognomonic, we have been evaluating EEG records as an important screening test for childhood Moyamoya disease. Sequential angiograms were taken to understand the nature and pathophysiology of the "re-build up" phenomenon. We now report some interesting findings thought to be related to the particular hemodynamics and pathology of childhood Moyamoya disease. Hyperventilation angiography was performed in 17 patients with Moyamoya disease (7 children, 5 adults whose onset was in childhood and 5 adults). A control study was performed in 5 patients (one child and 4 adults) who were angiographically normal. In each patient, the presence or absence of the "re-build up" phenomenon in the EEG was determined within 1 month prior to the angiographical examination. Angiography was performed prior to 3 minutes of hyperventilation and in the period of "re-build up" under the same conditions with respect to position, site of the catheter tip, volume and the rate of injected contrast media and timing of angiography. In control cases and those cases which did not show "re-build up," angiography was performed 1 minute after termination of hyperventilation. During examination, serial arterial blood sampling was carried out for blood gas analysis. In two cases of Moyamoya disease, hyperventilation under inhalation of 8% CO2 was also performed. In patients with Moyamoya disease who showed the "re-build up" phenomenon, angiographical vascular changes such as decrease in the size of basal Moyamoya and decrease in the diameter of cortical arteries appeared together with "re-building up." These vascular changes are thought to be closely related to the "re-build up" phenomenon. In control cases and adult patients, these findings were not observed. Since these vascular changes did not occur in patients with the "re-build up" phenomenon after hyperventilation of 8% CO2, this phenomenon is thought to be initiated as a direct result of decreased arterial CO2 tension. Although during hyperventilation PaO2 increased, after hyperventilation it decreased significantly while the EEG showed "re-build up".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[EEG findings in moyamoya disease in children--with special reference to the genesis of re-build up].

EEG findings in Moyamoya diseases in children are characterized by build up during hyperventilation and re-build up after hyperventilation. We examined EEG, tcPO2, tcPCO2 and respiratory curves during and after hyperventilation in 10 cases of typical Moyamoya disease in children. In all of the cases, tcPCO2 decreased gradually by hyperventilation, and its level was about 50% of the pre-hyperventilation level at the end of hyperventilation. It took about five minutes for the tcPCO2 level to return to the pre-hyperventilation level. On the other hand, tcPO2 was increased by hyperventilation. However, it decreased down to 50% of the pre-hyperventilation level within a few minutes after hyperventilation because of the following decrease in the respiratory rate, and it took 5 to 10 minutes to return to the pre-hyperventilation level. Sequential changes in tcPCO2 and tcPO2 showed good correlation with the biphasic change in EEG by hyperventilation in children with Moyamoya disease. The decrease in tcPO2 after hyperventilation seemed in particular to play an important role in the appearance of re-build up. We also examined tcPO2 and tcPO2 during and after hyperventilation in 9 cases of normal children. Sequential changes in tcPCO2, tcPO2 and the respiratory rate were the same as those in children with Moyamoya disease, but re-build up was not observed. In 4 cases of Moyamoya disease we examined the sequential changes in EEG, tcPCO2, tcPO2 and the respiratory rate under the inhalation of 100% O2 and 8% CO2 air.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[A case of persistent primitive proatlantal intersegmental artery (proatlantal artery I) with aneurysm--a case report].

A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with attack of SAH. On admission, she was semi-comatose with no other neurological deficit. Left carotid angiography revealed an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery and a large abnormal vessel connecting the left external carotid artery and the left vertebral artery. This large anastomotic vessel was thought to be primitive proatlantal intersegmental artery (proatlantal artery I). Right carotid angiography revealed a coiling of the right internal carotid artery and hypoplasia of the right A1 portion. Left retrograde brachial angiography revealed aplasia of the left vertebral artery. After admission her consciousness gradually improved but 17 days after admission she died of rerupture of the aneurysm. Autopsied brain showed that the left vertebral artery, namely proatlantal artery, was almost as large as the basilar artery and its macroscopical appearance was similar to other arteries. It was also obvious that the right vertebral artery was hypoplastic. As the rate of combination of the persistent artery with the intracranial aneurysm is relatively high, the authors think that some congenital factor may affect the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[A case of olfactory neuroblastoma presenting symptoms of a brain metastasis--a case report].

A rare case of olfactory neuroblastoma presenting symptoms as a brain metastasis is reported. A 47-year-old-man was admitted to Yamagata City Hospital complaining of head heaviness and headache attack. Neurologically, bilateral slight choked disc and right anosmia were found. The otolaryngologist in this hospital pointed out a reddish-purple polypoid tumor in the right nasal cavity. But there were no episodes of nasal bleeding or obstruction before admission. CT scan on admission showed the tumor density in the right upper nasal cavity and ethmoid sinus, which partially infiltrated into the orbital cavity, and enhanced heterogenous high density mass in the inner basal portion of the right frontal lobe. Carotid angiogram revealed a small tumor blush in the ethmoid region and avascular mass lesion in the right frontal region. On the 11th hospital day, surgical biopsy of the nasal tumor was performed by the otolaryngologist and the evident tumor cells in the fibrous tissue were observed. So the endonasal removal of the tumor and the total removal of the intracranial tumor were achieved. On operation, the continuity of intracranial tumor and nasal tumor was not observed. The histological pictures of both tumors were similar and the diagnosis was olfactory neuroblastoma. From histological and operative findings, we concluded the intracranial tumor was metastatic lesion from nasal origin. CT scan taken after the operation showed the tumor rested only in the right ethmoid sinus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[The role of hypertension in apical hypertrophy].

Recent advances in echocardiography have revealed that hypertension causes several types of cardiac hypertrophy. We classified hypertensive patients by type of cardiac hypertrophy, and evaluated left ventricular function and the severity of hypertension. The subjects consisted of 257 hypertensive patients, 13 patients with cardiac hypertrophy, and 95 normotensive controls. The hypertensives were classified in four groups: no hypertrophy, concentric hypertrophy, asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH), and asymmetrical apical hypertrophy (AAH). The normotensive patients with cardiac hypertrophy included nine with ASH and four with AAH. Cardiac functions in these patients were determined by echocardiography, RI-angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization. The results were as follows: Among 257 hypertensive patients, the incidence of concentric hypertrophy, ASH, and AAH was 53%, 10%, and 4%, respectively. In patients with AAH and hypertension, the hypertensive blood pressure levels and hypertensive organ involvements were mild. The blood pressures of most of these patients fell to the normal range after admission. The cardiac index and left ventricular systolic function (FS, mVCF, and ejection fraction) were significantly higher in AAH with hypertension than in the other hypertensive groups or in the normotensive controls. The hypertensive patients showed lower E-F slopes and higher A/E ratios than the normotensive controls, as well as the normotensive patients with ASH or AAH. Cardiac function did not differ appreciably between normotensive AAH and hypertensive AAH. Left ventricular dimension and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index were larger in AAH with hypertension. The total peripheral resistance of the hypertensive AAH was significantly lower than that of the hypertensives with concentric hypertrophy (p less than 0.01), though it was higher than that of the normotensive AAH (p less than 0.01). It was, therefore, concluded that mild hypertension observed in patients with AAH may be the result of regulatory mechanisms in the hyperkinetic states.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Developmental profiles and properties of hepatic peroxisomal apo- and mitochondrial holoalanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase during chick embryogenesis.

Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase was present as the apoenzyme in the peroxisomes and as the holoenzyme in the mitochondria in chick embryos. The peroxisomal enzyme predominated in the early stage and gradually decreased during embryonic development and disappeared after hatching. In contrast, the mitochondrial enzyme gradually increased and predominated in the later stage of chick embryos. Peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in chick embryos was a single peptide with a molecular weight of about 40,000. The enzyme differed from the mitochondrial enzyme in the embryos, and mammalian alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferases 1 (with a molecular weight of about 80,000 with two identical subunits) and 2 (with a molecular weight of about 200,000 with four identical subunits) in molecular weights and immunological properties. Mitochondrial alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in chick embryos had an identical molecular weight and immunologically cross-reacted with mammalian mitochondrial alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 2. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dissociated easily from the peroxisomal enzyme saturated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Hepatic aspartate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase and alanine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase in chick embryos, and hepatic alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferases in different animal species were all present as the holoenzyme.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

Structure and interactions of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from a mouse tumor basement membrane.

Various forms of heparan sulfate proteoglycan were solubilized from the mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma by extraction with 0.5 M NaCl, collagenase digestion and extraction with 4 M guanidine. They could be separated into high (greater than or equal to 1.65 g/ml) and low (1.38 g/ml) buoyant density variants. The high-density form from the NaCl extract and collagenase digest had Mr = 130000 and So20,W = 4.5 S and contained 4-10% protein, indicating Mr = 5 000-12 000 for the protein core. This proteoglycan exhibited polydispersity as shown by rotary shadowing electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. An average molecule consisted of four heparan sulfate chains (Mr = 29 000) each with a length of 32 +/- 10 nm. The low-density form (Mr about 400 000) could not be completely purified and contained about 50% protein. As shown by radioimmunoassay, the various proteoglycans shared similar protein cores. Labeling of the tumor in vivo or in vitro demonstrated preferential incorporation of radioactive sulfate in the high-density form. The high-density proteoglycan interacted in affinity chromatography by virtue of its heparan sulfate chains with laminin, fibronectin, the globular domain NC1 and the triple helix of collagen IV. These interactions were abolished at moderate concentrations of NaCl (0.1-0.2 M) and in the presence of heparin, chondroitin sulfate or dextran sulfate. Interactions with the globule NC1 could also be demonstrated by velocity band centrifugation in sucrose gradients and a binding constant of about 10(6) M-1 was derived.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Periodic variation in atrioventricular conduction time: mechanisms of initiation, maintenance and termination of periods of long PR intervals.

Five patients with periodic variation in atrioventricular (AV) conduction time are reported in whom periods of comparatively short PR intervals alternated with periods of comparatively long PR intervals. In all patients, the transition from a period of long PR intervals to a period of short PR intervals usually occurred without a blocked P wave. In 3 patients, however, the period of long PR intervals was occasionally terminated by a blocked P wave. The mechanisms of initiation, maintenance and termination of periods of long PR intervals are explained by the use of dual AV pathways consisting of fast and slow pathways. It is suggested that the effective refractory period of the fast pathway was abnormally prolonged by increased vagal tone and that, during the period of long P-R intervals, sinus impulses anterogradely passed only through the slow pathway and later retrogradely excited the fast pathway. Apparently, when vagal tone was decreased, the effective refractory period of the fast pathway was shortened, resulting in abrupt improvement in atrioventricular conduction without a blocked P wave.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Laminin, proteoglycan, nidogen and collagen IV: structural models and molecular interactions.

Major components of basement membranes, including collagen IV, laminin, heparan sulphate proteoglycan and nidogen, were isolated from the matrix of the EHS sarcoma. The purified components were analysed for their domain structure and for the participation of distinct domains in molecular interactions and cell binding. Collagen IV consists of four domains which have triple helical or non-collagenous structures. Self-assembly of the protein into a network-like organization occurs by specific interactions between N-terminal triple helical segments and between the C-terminal globules. Cell binding requires a central triple helical segment. Laminin has the shape of an asymmetrical cross; different globular domains within this structure mediate binding to proteoglycan and to cells. The proteoglycan consists of four heparan sulphate chains attached to a small protein core. These chains have the potential to bind laminin, fibronectin and collagen IV. Nidogen was isolated in several molecular forms which showed either self-aggregation or binding to laminin.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Enzymatic and immunological comparison of alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferases from different fish and mammalian livers.

Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase was highly purified and characterized from mackerel liver. The purified enzyme had a mol. wt of approx. 200,000 with four identical subunits. It was specific for L-alanine and L-serine with glyoxylate and for L-serine with pyruvate as amino acceptor. The mackerel enzyme was similar to partially purified alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferases from other fish (sardine, gopher gray rock cod and yellow mackerel) liver with respect to mol. wts and substrate specificity. These fish enzymes were similar to mammalian liver alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferases 1 in substrate specificity and to mammalian alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferases 2 in mol. wts. An immunological cross-reactivity of hepatic alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase was observed between mackerel and other fishes but not between mackerel and mammals.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

Production of monoclonal antibodies that recognize specific and cross-reactive antigens of Bacteroides gingivalis.

Four monoclonal antibodies directed against Bacteroides gingivalis were established by hybridoma technology. Their reactivity against B. gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, and Bacteroides melaninogenicus was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three monoclonal antibodies specifically reacted with B. gingivalis. One recognized antigens that were cross-reactive between B. gingivalis and B. intermedius. These monoclonal antibodies provide new tools for antigenic analysis of B. gingivalis.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

[Studies on the synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus-related antigens induced by superinfection].

Synthesis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related antigens in Raji cells superinfected with P3HR-1 strain EBV was investigated by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Purification of the infecting EBV gave a favorable condition for efficient induction of the virus-related antigens and facilitated immunochemical characterization of them. Monoclonal antibodies against the EBV-related antigens were produced and applied for a detailed analysis of the antigens. EBV-related antigen synthesis was shown to be markedly dependent on the virus dose inoculated; early antigens (EA) were readily synthesized at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI), whereas synthesis of the 2 late antigens, virus capsid antigen (VCA) and membrane antigen (MA) was induced only at a high MOI. VCA was induced following three-hit kinetics, suggesting that 3 times the amount of the infecting virus is required for the induction of the antigen. Synthesis of EBV-related polypeptides which constitute these antigens showed similar dependency on the virus dose. Early polypeptides were induced readily at a low MOI, whereas late polypeptides were synthesized only at a high MOI. Furthermore, induction of late polypeptides at a high MOI was accompanied by selective enhancement of the synthesis of a particular early polypeptide with molecular weight of 135K. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to a possible regulatory function of this 135K early polypeptide in the productive cycle of EBV.

Animals↗