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Biomedical subjects

S Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to S Fujiwara.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Fibronectin on prosthetic denture fabrication.

It is well known that fibronectin adheres to various oral bacteria and shows affinity to various components. Thus the existence fibronectin which is present in the salivary flow, acquired pellicle and dental plaque, was investigated in used acrylic resin dentures with a direct immunohistochemical fluorescent technique using antihuman fibronectin goat serum which was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). It was found that fibronectin frequently was present on the surface of acrylic resin dentures.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1990

[A new method of intraarterial high dose chemotherapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma--the effect of direct hemoperfusion under hepatic venous isolation].

We undertook hepatic artery infusion of high dose adriamycin (ADR) in three patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma utilizing direct hemoperfusion (DHP) under hepatic venous isolation (HVI). 5 minutes continuous infusion of ADR at dosages of 100 and 150 mg/m2 was combined with DHP of 20 and 30 minutes, respectively. HVI was established by occlusions of suprahepatic and retrohepatic vena cava using a tourniquet tape and a cuff-cannula. During HVI, hepatic venous outflow was directed toward DHP and joined with the rest of the intra-caval blood before the centrifugal pump connected to a return cannula to the left axillary vein. Systemic levels of ADR were maintained less than 2 micrograms/ml during the treatments in three patients. The estimated drug removal rates were 72.3%, 51.2% and 31.1% respectively. Hematologic changes due to DHP were tolerable and transient. Highest values of serum transaminases were demonstrated on day 2 and rapidly recovered to the pretreatment levels within a week. Postoperative CT studies revealed also marked reduction in tumor size. We consider this method an attractive therapeutic option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatous angiitis) with peculiar multiple colonic ulcers.

We treated a 40-yr-old Japanese woman who had Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS), as diagnosed by characteristic clinical features and histological findings; in addition, peculiar multiple colonic ulcers were seen during the course of her illness. Although gastrointestinal symptoms are often seen in CSS, there are few descriptions of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. In the English literature, the gastrointestinal manifestations of CSS include eosinophilic gastroenteritis, but the mucosa is not usually ulcerated. On the other hand, Japanese cases are characterized by multiple ulcers which are considered to be caused by ischemia secondary to the vasculitis. Most of the reported cases have not been diagnosed until laparotomy or autopsy, and our case is the first with multiple ulcers throughout the entire colon as a complication of CSS.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Isoforms of the human ets-1 protein: generation by alternative splicing and differential phosphorylation.

The ets-1 gene belongs to the ets gene family (ets-1, ets-2, erg, and elk) and is homologous to the v-ets oncogene found in the avian leukemia virus E26. The ets-1 gene products were characterized using a specific monoclonal antibody developed against a bacterially expressed v-ets protein. The ets-1 gene product in the human T-cell line CEM was found to consist of at least six species: four major species with apparent molecular weights of 51 kDa (p51), 48 kDa (p48), 42 kDa (p42), and 39 kDa (p39); and two minor species of 52 kDa (pp52) and 49 kDa (pp49), which are demonstrated to be the phosphorylated forms of p51 and p48, respectively. All of the ets-1 proteins are related to each other and are considered products of the ets-1 gene. Subcellular localization showed that the pp52 and p51 are found mainly in the cytoplasm, while p48 and p39 are found mainly in the nucleus. Specific antibodies against various exons of ets-1 showed that both p42 and p39 lack a region corresponding to exon VII. Polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed the presence of an additional RNA product that corresponds to mRNA lacking exon VII. These results suggest that the human ets-1 gene encodes multiple proteins that are generated by at least two distinct mechanisms: alternative splicing of mRNA and protein phosphorylation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

[Anesthetic considerations for hepatic resection using veno-venous bypass].

Anesthetic experience of 4 cases of hepatic resection using veno-venous bypass was reported. Non-forced bypass (passive shunt) was used in case 1. Hepatic resection was performed while supporting hemodynamic stability during the subsequent anhepatic phase using pump-driven veno-venous bypass (active shunt) in case 2-4. Various problems arose in each case. In the non-forced bypass case, hypotension during the bypass created a problem; whereas, hypothermia was pronounced during bypass in the pump-driven bypass cases. Massive transfusion due to bleeding, hypocalcemia, and unintentional hypothermia after veno-venous bypass precipitated heart failure. Attention should therefore be directed toward, (1) preparation for massive transfusion, (2) measurement and correction of the plasma calcium ion concentration, (3) maintenance of body temperature, and (4) hemodynamic control with a Swan-Ganz catheter and an inferior vena cava catheter. Extracorporeal bypass using a pump-driven veno-venous bypass (Bio-pump) and splanchnic decompression system via the portal system appear to be advantageous.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Injuries caused by automobile dragging: a report of three cases].

Three cases of victims who were dragged a long distance by automobiles are reported. Injuries caused by such dragging are discussed. [Case 1] A 50-year-old man was found dead under an automobile after having been dragged for a distance of 530 m. Deep abrasions were found in the right temporal region, both scapular regions, the buttocks, and the heels. There were excoriations toward upper side in the right hypochondriac region along the rib arch, and multiple rib fractures with and without severe hemorrhaging. Alcohol levels were 3.54 mg/ml in the femoral venous blood, and 4.54 mg/ml in the urine. It seemed that the victim was drunk and had been lying on his back and that the automobile's underbody had caught him in his right hypochondriac region and had compressed the thoraco-abdominal regions. [Case 2] A 50-year-old drunken man, who had been lying on his back on the side of a road, was dragged by a car for a distance of 2 km. The victim showed marked and deep abrasions of the back, the buttocks, the lateral surface of both ankles, and on the ulnar surface of the left forearm. In the left forearm, the ulna and soft tissues had been rubbed flat and were blackened. The alcohol levels in the femoral venous blood and in the urine were 3.31 and 4.19 mg/ml, respectively. [Case 3] An 83-year-old woman was found dead on the side of a road. In the right temporal region, the skull had been rubbed flat and the right cerebral hemisphere was exposed and flattened. Severe abrasions were observed on both shoulders, the buttocks, and on the back surfaces of the lower extremities. Her sandals and a broken cane were found on the road 2 km from the scene. The offender has not yet been arrested. Injuries caused by the road surface in traffic accidents usually take the form of excoriations or abrasions, and the three victims of this report showed severe and characteristic injuries. Excoriations or abrasions develop into abrasive injuries, defects of the skin or soft tissue, and to the exposure of the internal organs from continuous, prolonged dragging. Some of these accumulated injuries might have been caused by frictional heat.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

A pharmacokinetic study of ethanol elimination--first pass metabolism and elimination rate.

In this study two pharmacokinetic dispositions of ethanol metabolism were investigated. To determine the existence of first pass metabolism (FPM), Japanese male volunteers with and without a low Km isozyme of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) received 0.1 and/or 0.4 g/kg dose of ethanol either perorally or intravenously. Blood ethanol level was lower and the area under the blood ethanol concentration-time curve (AUC) was smaller under peroral than under intravenous administration, although tantamount doses of ethanol were administered. The difference in AUC between peroral and intravenous administrations was apparent when a lower dose of ethanol was given. These findings were taken to indicate that a significant fraction of ethanol administered perorally was metabolized during absorption before reaching the systemic circulation and that this FPM of ethanol became clearer in smaller ethanol doses. In order to compare the parameters of Widmark's zero-order kinetics and Michaelis-Menten kinetics, sixty-one male volunteers, i.e. 30 subjects with normal ALDH and 31 with a deficiency of it, ingested 0.4 g/kg of ethanol perorally. The elimination phase of blood ethanol-time curve was fitted to a two-compartment open model with Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics. A significant difference was seen in beta 60 between the normal ALDH group and the deficient one. Vmax in the normal ALDH group was relatively higher than that in the deficient one and Vmax was significantly correlated to beta 60. Km varied widely among the individual subjects. In the case in which high or moderate dose of ethanol is administered, the Widmark's method is sufficient for ethanol elimination studies in clinical and medicolegal practices.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Forensic neuropathological and immunohistochemical studies on Alzheimer-type dementia (AD/SDAT).

Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) was discussed not only from the aspects of forensic neuropathology by using various techniques for general stains and silver-impregnation, but also immunohistochemically by using antiserum against glial fibrillary acidic protein which is a specific marker for astrocytes. There were marked differences in microscopic findings of ATD group and control group of elderly subjects whose intellectual have been maintained. The main histological features of ATD were presence of numerous senile plaques and neurofibrillary changes, and both of them were thought to be helpful diagnosis markers. Double stains by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) stain using avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method and Congo red stain were performed. By the former stain, typical senile plaques, encircled by reactive astrocytes and penetrated interior by their processes, were demonstrated. By the latter stain, amyloid core was well detected. Another method which is particularly sensitive to amyloid, such as amyloid core or amyloid angiopathy, is the thioflavin S stain. Immunohistochemical stains for glial fibrillary acidic protein demonstrated an intense participation within the plaques by processes of reactive astrocytes. Using the autopsy criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease reported by Khachaturian, senile plaques were counted on microscopic magnification x200 field. Numerous plaques satisfying thoroughly the criteria were detected. The report by Blessed et al. that there is a highly significant correlation between mean plaque counts in sections of cerebral cortex of elderly subjects and degrees of dementia is very helpful for forensic pathologists and is highly evaluated.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase is present as the apoenzyme in the peroxisomes of chicken kidney.

The subcellular distribution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in chicken kidney was examined by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. The enzyme was found to be present as the apoform in the peroxisomes and as the holoform in the mitochondria. Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in different mammalian kidneys were all present as the holoenzyme in the mitochondrial and soluble fractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Degradation of uric acid in fish liver peroxisomes. Intraperoxisomal localization of hepatic allantoicase and purification of its peroxisomal membrane-bound form.

Urate-degrading enzymes such as uricase, allantoinase, and allantoicase are located in the peroxisomes of marine fish liver (Noguchi, T., Takada, Y., and Fujiwara, S. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5272-5275). On the basis of intraperoxisomal localization of hepatic allantoicase, 13 different fishes were classified into two groups: mackerel group and sardine group. Allantoicase is located on the outer surface of the peroxisomal membrane in the mackerel group and in the peroxisomal soluble matrix in the sardine group. The peroxisomal membrane enzyme and the peroxisomal matrix enzyme are not distinguishable on the basis of the number and molecular weight of the subunits, but differ in isoelectric point and electrophoretic mobility. The molecular weight of the fish allantoicase subunit is identical with that of the small subunit (allantoicase subunit) of amphibian allantoinase-allantoicase complex, suggesting that the subunit of fish allantoicase changed to the small subunit of the amphibian complex during evolution: allantoinase and allantoicase are present as a complex in amphibian liver (Noguchi, T., Fujiwara, S., and Hayashi, S. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 4221-4223).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Expression of ets genes in mouse thymocyte subsets and T cells.

The cellular ets genes (ets-1, ets-2, and erg) have been identified by their sequence similarity with the v-ets oncogene of the avian erythroblastosis virus, E26. Products of the ets-2 gene have been detected in a wide range of normal mouse tissues and their expression appears to be associated with cell proliferation in regenerating liver. In contrast, the ets-1 gene was previously shown to be more highly expressed in the mouse thymus than in other tissues. Because the thymic tissue contains various subsets of cells in different stages of proliferation and maturation, we have examined ets gene expression in fetal thymocytes from different stages of development, in isolated subsets of adult thymocytes, and in peripheral T lymphocytes. Expression of the ets-1 gene was first detected at day 18 in fetal thymocytes, corresponding to the first appearance of CD4+ (CD4+, CD8-) thymocytes, and reaches maximal/plateau levels of expression in the thymus at 1 to 2 days after birth. The ets-2 gene expression is detected at least 1 day earlier, coinciding with the presence of both double-positive (CD4+, CD8+) and double-negative (CD4-, CD8-) blast thymocytes and reaches maximal/plateau levels 1 day before birth. In the adult thymus, ets-1 and ets-2 mRNA expression is 10- to 8-fold higher respectively in the CD4+ subset than in the other subsets examined. Higher levels of p55 ets-1 protein were also shown to exist in the CD4+ subset. Because the CD4+ thymic subset is the pool from which the CD4+ peripheral, helper/inducer T cells are derived, the ets gene expression was examined in lymph node T cells. Both the CD4+ and the CD8+ T cells subsets had lower ets RNA levels than the CD4+ thymocytes. These results suggest that ets-2 and more particularly ets-1 gene products play an important role in T cell development and differentiation and are not simply associated with proliferating cells, which are observed at a higher frequency in fetal thymocytes, or dull Ly-1 (low CD5+), and double-negative (CD4-, CD8-) adult thymocytes. Selectively enhanced expression of ets-1 gene may be observed in thymic CD4+ thymocytes because these cells have uniquely encountered MHC class II or other Ag in the thymic environment. These cells may have been subsequently stimulated to activate the ets genes in conjunction with their differentiation of helper/inducer function(s) and expression of mature TCR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1989

Subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis. Do subependymal nodules grow?

A case of a 10 year-old-boy with subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma associated with tuberous sclerosis is reported. Sequential CT scan showed the growth of subependymal nodules to intraventricular neoplasm, which consequently obstructed the CSF pathway. The surgical indications for this lesion and the role of CT in following up subependymal nodules of tuberous sclerosis are discussed.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1989

Surgical treatment for paediatric patients with moyamoya disease by indirect revascularization procedures (EDAS, EMS, EMAS).

Surgical results of paediatric patients with Moyamoya disease who were treated by indirect revascularization procedures are reported. Encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS), encephalomyo-arterio-synangiosis (EMAS), and/or encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) were performed on 47 sides of 29 children with Moyamoya disease. The results of those non-anastomotic EC-IC bypass procedures were evaluated clinically, angiographically, and by computed tomography (CT). Postoperative external carotid angiograms showed a good collateral formation through EDAS, EMAS, or EMS in about 70-80 percent of all surgically treated sides. The symptoms such as TIA, RIND, and/or involuntary movements disappeared in the cases with a good collateral formation but not in those with insufficient development of the collateral circulation. The indirect EC-IC bypass surgery seems effective for most of the children with Moyamoya disease who present with ischaemic signs.

Angiography↗
PubMed1989

Blood-arterial wall barrier disruption to various sized tracers following subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Disruption of the blood-arterial wall barrier in the major cerebral arteries occurs following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and may be related to the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Using FITC dextrans of various sizes, the present study was undertaken to determine if the barrier disruption shortly after SAH occurs equally to various sized tracers. Forty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. Four groups were injected with FITC-dextrans of differing molecular weights (MW): FD4 (MW = 4,080), FD 40 (MW = 40,500), FD 70 (MW = 71,400), and FD 150 (MW = 156,900). One group was injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP: MW = 40,000). Each group was further divided into two subgroups: with or without SAH. SAH was induced by injecting arterial blood into the cisterna magna. To assess the integrity of the blood-arterial wall barrier by transmission electron microscope, the tracers were intravenously injected prior to sacrificing the animals. The groups without SAH showed no permeability of tracers into the subendothelial spaces of the basilar arteries. In contrast, with the exception of FD 150, FITC-dextrans (FD 4, FD 40, FD 70) were noticed in the subendothelial spaces. The distribution of FITC-dextrans in the elastic lamina was similar to that of HRP. These results suggest that barrier disruption occurs with a wide range of molecular sizes of FITC-dextrans, although there seems to be some limitation to the permeation of the larger molecules. The present study suggests that the mechanism of barrier disruption of the major cerebral arteries in the acute stage following SAH may be vesicular rather than by separation of tight junctions.

Animals↗