Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Fujiwara

Publications and source records attributed to S Fujiwara.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[A case of death within 3 hours due to systemic embolism of fat from tibial fractures].

We experienced a case dying of systemic fat embolism shortly after a traffic accident. The man of 83 years old suffered an accident by a car while wheeling his bicycle on a lane through rice fields. His both legs were run over by a wheel of the car. He was fully conscious for some while after the accident. However, while he was taken to a hospital by an ambulance, he suddenly lost consciousness and died 2 hours and 45 minutes after the accident. The autopsy examination revealed the severely fractured tibiae in both legs. The left clavicle and sternum as well as the ribs of both sides were also fractured. Organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities were slightly congested. The histopathological examinations revealed fat droplets in the small vessels in interlobular connective tissues and many alveolar capillaries of the lungs, many glomeruli of the kidneys and a few capillaries in parietal region of the cerebrum.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

[Hepatic resection under liver surface or perfusion cooling together with hepatoprotective agents of PGE1 and urinastatin].

The techniques and results of nine patients who underwent hepatic resections with surface and/or in situ perfusion cooling with hepatoprotective agents of PGE1 and Ulinastatin are described. Eight hepatocellular carcinomas associating chronic liver disease and one hemangioma are included in this report. Complete vascular exclusion technique with the centrifugal blood pump driven veno-venous bypass was employed on the three patients with giant liver tumors. The bypass technique with liver cooling made it possible to carry out otherwise impossible and risky resections, particularly in case with neoplastic involvement of the inferior vena cava. The other patients were subjected to segmentectomy of the right lobe under hemihepatic surface cooling or in situ hypothermic perfusion by chilled Lactate Ringer for vascular arrested right lobe. Liver tissue temperature dropped down to 19 degrees C to 26 degrees C during cooling. Postoperative physiologic changes were minimal irrespective of prolonged continuous vascular interruption of the cirrhotic liver for up to 60 min. There was no mortality and major morbidity in the present series. Liver cooling can be an useful hepatoprotective method for the cirrhotic liver in the hepatic resection with vascular occlusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Biventricular repair with a modified Glenn shunt for the hypoplastic right ventricle].

Between 1982 and 1990, 14 patients with small right ventricle underwent biventricular repair with a modified Glenn shunt. The patients consisted of 8 cases of pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum, 2 with pulmonary stenosis and intact ventricular septum, 3 with tetralogy of Fallot, 1 with pulmonary atresia and straddling tricuspid valve. Nine patients had one or more prior preliminary palliative procedures. Repairs consisted of a modified Glenn shunt and closure of the intracardiac and extracardiac shunt, with right ventricular outflow reconstruction in 13, and pulmonary valvotomy in 1. In nine patients superior vena cava was not ligated. There was one operative death (7%). Preoperative RVEDV ranged from 19 to 70% of normal with a mean of 36.1% of normal. Preoperative pulmonary resistance ranged from 1.6 to 5.3 unit with a mean of 2.8 unit. Preoperative PA index ranged from 102 to 444 mm2/m2 with a mean of 234.3 mm2/m2. No patients died later. Follow-up 2 to 9 year after operation showed that 9 patients were in the New York Heart Association class I and 4 were in class II. Our experience shows that this procedure can be safely done for patients, who have hypoplastic right ventricle smaller than 40% of normal and are not candidate for Fontan procedure because of high pulmonary vascular resistance and inadequate size of pulmonary artery. In this procedure a modified Glenn shunt without ligation of SVC may effectively reduce the volume overload on the right ventricle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Definitive repair for double inlet ventricle and common atrio-ventricular valve].

From 1982 through 1990, 13 patients with double inlet ventricle and common atrio-ventricular valve underwent definitive cardiac surgery. Nine patients simultaneously had anomalous systemic venous connection and 4 had anomalous pulmonary venous connection. One patient with double inlet left ventricle underwent a successful partition of ventricle and atrio-ventricular valve. All other 12 patients underwent a Fontan operation, which utilized different techniques to deal with various forms of anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous connection. Four patients with common atrioventricular valve regurgitation underwent a Fontan operation combined with a concomitant circular annuloplasty of atrio-ventricular valve. In all 4 patients, the degree of regurgitation decreased postoperatively. There was one operative death (mortality 7.7%). Most of patients with double inlet ventricle and common atrio-ventricular valve now are considered to be suitable not for partition but for the Fontan operation. Because of the complexity of anatomic variables, however, the repair of anomalous systemic or pulmonary venous connections in conjunction with the Fontan operation requires an individualised plan in each patient to provide unobstructed systemic and pulmonary venous pathways. We think that a circular annuloplasty could effectively decrease the degree of atrio-ventricular valve regurgitation in most cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Attempts to induce immune-mediated cerebral arterial injury for an experimental model of moyamoya disease.

To examine the possible role of immune complex-mediated reactions in moyamoya disease, a novel experimental system using a serum sickness vasculitis model combined with intracisternal administration of antibodies or antigens was developed. Twenty-eight male Japanese white rabbits were divided into four experimental groups. Group I was treated twice with intravenous injections of heterologous serum. In group II, intracisternal administration of antibodies or antigens was combined with the second injection of serum. Group III received a single intravenous injection of antigens simultaneously with intracisternal administration of antibodies. Group IV was a technical control group. Cerebral arteritis, although likely in the initial process, was induced only in groups II and III. This study suggests that the cerebral arteries rarely develop arteritis in a serum sickness model alone. The cerebral arteries may require additional intracisternal administration of antibodies or antigens to induce in situ deposition of immune complexes around them.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The acute effects of experimental short-term evening and night shifts on human circadian rhythm: the oral temperature, heart rate, serum cortisol and urinary catecholamines levels.

This study was designed to examine the temporal changes in circadian rhythm of oral temperature, heart rate, serum cortisol and urinary catecholamines levels due to experimental short-term shifts. The six subjects were assigned to consecutive day (work 0800-1600 hours; sleep 0000-0800 hours), evening (1600-2400 hours; 0400-1200 hours), and night (0000-0800 hours; 1200-2000 hours) shifts of 2 days each scheduled as hospital shiftwork by nurses, in random order, during which data were collected every 4 h throughout the experimental periods. According to acrophases of a fitted cosine curve and visual inspection on chronograms, the phases of circadian rhythms were delayed to different degrees in the evening shifts with a minimum of about 1 h for oral temperature and a maximum of about 4 h for urinary free noradrenaline. The corresponding phase delays were larger in the night shift for oral temperature (about 3 h), resting heart rate (about 5 h) and urinary free noradrenaline (about 13 h); the diurnal variations of serum cortisol and urinary free adrenaline were greatly modified, and their circadian rhythmicities disappeared, indicating that the normal circadian phase relations of these variables were disrupted more by the night shift. The comparison of chronograms and correlation analyses revealed that the 4-h mean heart rate and urinary free noradrenaline were largely affected by rest-activity level in connection with shifts, while the resting heart rate and urinary free adrenaline were less affected. On the other hand, the sleep factor (time of onset and/or period) seemed to be more potent in modifying the circadian rhythm of serum cortisol, especially with the night shifts.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Enterogenous cyst at the cerebellopontine angle: case report.

A case of enterogenous cyst at the cerebellopontine (CP) angle is reported. A review of the literature yielded only seven cases of intracranial enterogenous cysts, and our case is the first one arising at the CP angle. The histological features, pathogenesis, and radiological and auditory brain stem response findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in matrix vesicles (review).

Matrix vesicles (MV) isolated from mineralizing tissues contain high alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activities associated with the membrane; this may be because MV originate from the plasma membrane of chondrocytes. Previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, which appeared to be derived from chondrocytes cytosol, were located in MV of the epiphyseal growth plate of young-rabbit leg bones [1]. In the epiphyseal cartilage, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) is enriched in the growth zone, whereas it is rarely detected in the resting zone, suggesting that MV containing ALPase are not present in the resting zone. In recent study, we divided the epiphyseal cartilages of young-rat rib bones into the growth zone and the resting zone, followed by the isolation of MV after collagenase digestion. MV containing ALPase and LDH were found in the growth zone, and surprisingly, vesicles containing LDH without ALPase were found in the resting zone [2]. The function of LDH-containing vesicles without ALPase is unknown at the present. However, these findings might accelerate the studies on cell-mediated calcification, because (1) LDH could be a marker enzyme of these vesicles, (2) LDH is found to be a specific cytosolic enzyme which is enfolded in these vesicles, suggesting that an unknown mechanism for the specific uptake of the cytosolic enzyme might be present.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Interpretation of the X-ray scattering profiles of chromatin at various NaCl concentrations by a simple chain model.

In order to interpret the change in the X-ray scattering profiles from rat thymus chromatin, extensive model calculation was carried out. Chromatin is modelled as a string of subunits (nucleosomes) in which disorder is introduced into the positions of adjacent subunits. Disposition parameters characterizing the arrangement of subunits were estimated for various states of chromatin, so that the main feature of the scattering profiles is described. The result indicated that the structure of chromatin changes, as the NaCl concentration increases, from the extended "beads-on-a string" structure to the condensed helical structure. The latter has an outer diameter of about 26 nm with 3-4 nucleosomes per turn. In the intermediate state, it has a loose helical structure. The estimation of disorder suggested that the arrangement of subunits is appreciably disordered even in the condensed helical filament at 50 mM NaCl. Our model for chromatin condensation seems to support models of the "crossed linker" type.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effects of L-NMMA and L-NNA on the selective ATP-induced enhancement of intratumoral blood flow.

We studied the effects of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) on the selective ATP and adenosine-induced enhancement of intratumoral blood flow in rats measured by the hydrogen clearance method. Both adenosine and ATP produced a selective enhancement of the intratumoral blood flow. Neither L-NMMA nor L-NNA had a significant effect on either the CBF or the intratumoral blood flow. Adenosine-induced enhancement was not inhibited by L-NMMA or L-NNA. On the other hand, the ATP-induced enhancement was totally inhibited by both L-NMMA and L-NNA. The inhibitory action of L-NMMA against ATP was blocked by L-arginine, but not by D-arginine. It is suggested that the ATP-induced increase of intratumoral blood flow is evoked by nitric oxide synthesized from the endothelium of the intratumoral blood vessels.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1992

Cervical cord birth injury and subsequent development of syringomyelia: a case report.

A 2830 g full-term baby, born by breech delivery, exhibited weak crying and sucking and severe hypotonia of the extremities after birth. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed marked thinning of the cervical cord at the level of C4 and C5. This lesion evolved into focal syringomyelia by the fourth month after birth. In this patient, MRI was useful in detecting the initial spinal cord injury, which appeared as marked thinning, and the subsequent syringomyelia as well. The role of birth trauma in cervical spinal cord injuries is discussed.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1992

X-ray scattering study of the shape of the DNA region in nucleosome core particle with synchrotron radiation.

The structure of the DNA region in rat thymus nucleosome core particle has been studied by synchrotron X-ray scattering analysis and the contrast-variation technique has been applied to determine the contribution of the DNA to the total scatterings. Small-angle contrast-matching measurements show that the entire core particle and isolated histone octamers are contrast-matched by solvents containing 64 and 54% (w/w) sucrose, respectively. At a contrast of 54% sucrose, where the scattering of the DNA dominates, the scattering data extending to higher angle of about 0.05 A-1 have been collected from relatively concentrated solutions (10 mg/ml) of core particles and interpreted on the basis of the regular helical model for the DNA region. The model calculations show that the shape of the DNA around the histone core is approximately by 1.8 turns of regular helix of 42 A radius and 28 A pitch. These values for helical parameters of our model are in good agreement with those of the structure of DNA in crystallized nucleosome cores shown by earlier diffraction studies.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

A case of subepidermal blister disease associated with autoantibody against 450 kD protein.

We report a case of subepidermal blister disease with eruptions distributed on the trunk and extremities. The blisters regressed after administration of corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide. An immunoblot analysis revealed that the patient's serum reacted exclusively with a 450-kD epidermal polypeptide. It did not react with a 230-kD or a 180-kD bullous pemphigoid antigen. The immunofluorescence study showed the patient's serum reacted with the basement membrane zone of human skin.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Cyclization characteristics of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase are conferred by the NH2-terminal region of the enzyme.

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase; EC 2.4.1.19) is produced mainly by Bacillus strains. CGTase from Bacillus macerans IFO3490 produces alpha-cyclodextrin as the major hydrolysis product from starch, whereas thermostable CGTase from Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 produces alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins. To analyze the cyclization characteristics of CGTase, we cloned different types of CGTase genes and constructed chimeric genes. CGTase genes from these two strains were cloned in Bacillus subtilis NA-1 by using pTB523 as a vector plasmid, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Three CGTase genes (cgt-1, cgt-5, and cgt-232) were isolated from B. stearothermophilus NO2. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the three CGTase genes have different nucleotide sequences encoding the same amino acid sequence. Base substitutions were found at the third letter of five codons among the three genes. Each open reading frame was composed of 2,133 bases, encoding 711 amino acids containing 31 amino acids as a signal sequence. The molecular weight of the mature enzyme was estimated to be 75,374. The CGTase gene (cgtM) of B. macerans IFO3490 was composed of 2,142 bases, encoding 714 amino acids containing 27 residues as a signal sequence. The molecular weight of the mature enzyme was estimated to be 74,008. The sequence determined in this work was quite different from that reported previously by other workers. From data on the three-dimensional structure of a CGTase, seven kinds of chimeric CGTase genes were constructed by using cgt-1 from B. stearothermophilus NO2 and cgtM from B. macerans IFO3490. We examined the characteristics of these chimeric enzymes on cyclodextrin production and thermostability. It was found that the cyclization reaction was conferred by the NH2-terminal region of CGTase and that the thermostability of some chimeric enzymes was lower than that of the parental CGTases.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Analysis of mutations in cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus stearothermophilus which affect cyclization characteristics and thermostability.

Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase; EC 2.4.1.19) produces cyclodextrin from starch. The CGTase molecule is composed of four globular domains, A, B, C, and D. In order to gain better understanding of the amylolytic and cyclization mechanisms of CGTase, mutant CGTases were constructed from a CGTase gene (cgt1) of Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2. Cgt1-F191Y (Phe at position 191 was replaced by Tyr), Cgt1-F191Y-F255Y, Cgt1-W254V-F255I, Cgt1-W254V, and Cgt1-F255I were constructed for the analysis of the NH2-terminal region. It was revealed that amino acids surrounding a spiral amylose are important for cyclization characteristics and that hydrophobic amino acids just after the Glu catalytic site play an important role in the hydrolysis characteristics of the enzyme. Mutant CGTases Cgt1-T591F and Cgt1-W629F were also constructed to study the role of a second substrate-binding site in domain D, and it was suggested that substrate binding at both domains A and D stabilized the enzyme and optimized cyclodextrin production.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Partial elimination of Epstein-Barr virus plasmids from Burkitt's lymphoma cells by transfecting the BZLF1 gene.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nonproducer Raji cells stably maintain approximately 45 copies of the EBV genome per cell, depending on the presence of the EBV-determined nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) protein. We found that transfection of the EBV BZLF1 gene causes the disappearance of EBNA proteins on Western blots (immunoblots). On the basis of these results, we attempted to eliminate EBV plasmids in Raji cells by transfecting a BZLF1 plasmid. Among 33 clones that were cotransfected with a BZLF1 plasmid and a hygromycin B resistance plasmid and selected resistant for hygromycin B, 24 clones had decreased numbers of EBV plasmids, as revealed by the decrease in the intensity of the EBV band on Southern blots compared with that of nontransfected Raji cells.

Antigens, Viral↗