[Therapy of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria].
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Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal↗
Biomedical subjects
S Fujioka
Publications and source records attributed to S Fujioka.
Effects of sodium and temperature on tension in isolated canine coronary artery.
The effects of sodium and temperature on tension of isolated canine coronary arterial strips were studied. In 20 mEq. l(-1) K solution, the strength of tension was inversely related to the Na concentration. At 37 degrees C, the tension was significantly increased at 70 mEq. l(-1) Na and below. The tension was gradually suppressed by lowering of the temperature from 37 degrees C to 10 degrees C. At 10 degrees C, tension did not developed significantly at Na concentrations between 127 mEq. l(-1) and 12 mEq. l(-1). It was concluded that the decrease in Na concentrations increased the tension of the canine coronary artery and the lowering of temperature supressed the tension inducted by the decrease in Na concentrations.
Journal Article↗
Effects of calcium and temperature on tension in isolated canine coronary artery.
The effects of calcium and temperature on the tension of isolated canine coronary arterial strips were studied. In 20 mEq. l(-1) K solution, the tension was significantly increased from 0 mg with 0 mEq. l(-1) Ca to 33 +/- 18 mg with 0.2 mEq. l(-1) Ca at 37 degrees C, from -40 +/- 18 mg with 0 mEq. l(-1) Ca to -17 +/- 11 mg with 0.2 mEq. l(-1) Ca at 30 degrees C, from -77 +/- 19 mg with 0 mEq. l(-1) Ca to -52 +/- 17 mEq. l(-1) with 1 mEq. l(-1) Ca at 25 degrees C, from -88 +/- 13 mg with 0 mEq. l(-1) Ca to -41 +/- 18 mg with 2 mEq. l(-1) Ca at 20 degrees C, from -125 +/- 16 mg with 0 mEq. l(-1) Ca to -116 +/- 13 mg with 2 mEq. l(-1) Ca at 15 degrees C. Ca higher than 0.2 mEq. l(-1) produced a dose-dependent increase in tension between 37 degrees C and 15 degrees C. In spite of the presence of 4 mEq. l(-1) Ca, the development of tension was strongly supressed by lowering the temperature below 20 degrees C, and completely inhibited at 10 degrees C. The rate of a decrease in tension caused by cooling was about 5.5 mg. degrees C(-1). This study demonstrated that Ca(2+) produced a dose-dependent increase in tension in high-K solution, which was suppressed as the temperature was lowered.
Journal Article↗
PVN-lesioned obese rats maintain ambulatory activity and its circadian rhythm.
We investigated physical activity and its circadian rhythm as well as food and water intake in PVN-lesioned rats compared to those of VMH-lesioned rats. Body weight, food and water intake and ambulatory activity were recorded automatically on a microcomputer on the fourth day after creation of the PVN or VMH lesion. The weight gain in the PVN-lesioned rats was almost the same as that of the VMH-lesioned rats. The PVN-lesioned rats maintained the same circadian rhythm of eating and drinking as the controls. The ambulatory activity in the VMH-lesioned rats during the 24-h period was significantly less than the sham-operated rats, but that of the PVN-lesioned rats was almost the same as the sham-operated rats. The dominance of ambulatory activity in the dark period was observed in the PVN-lesioned rats as well as controls, in contrast to the VMH-lesioned rats, in which circadian rhythm was abolished. These results demonstrate that the PVN-lesioned obese rats show clear differences in physiological behavior from the VMH-lesioned rats.
Animals↗
The antihypertensive effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide in rats with norepinephrine- and angiotensin II-induced hypertension.
To investigate the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in blood pressure regulation, we used rats with hypertension, induced by the chronic infusion of norepinephrine or angiotensin II, and examined changes in the systemic hemodynamics using the radioactive microspheres method. CGRP (0.05 micrograms/kg per min) administered simultaneously with norepinephrine (1.8 mg/kg per day) significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure of conscious rats compared with norepinephrine infusion alone. Similarly CGRP given with angiotensin II (0.9 mg/kg per day) significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure compared with angiotensin II alone. The antihypertensive effect of CGRP was sustained for 6 days. CGRP infusion decreased the total peripheral resistance but caused no change in cardiac output compared with rats given only pressor substances. Thus, a subdepressor dose of CGRP can modulate the vasopressor effects of norepinephrine and angiotensin II. CGRP may be involved in the regulation of blood pressure via an effect on peripheral vascular resistance.
Angiotensin II↗
Effects of parathyroid hormone-related protein on systemic and regional hemodynamics in conscious rats. A comparison with human parathyroid hormone.
PTHrp was discovered as a humoral hypercalcemic factor of malignancy and has been shown to bind the same receptor as PTH in rat bone cells, canine renal membranes, and rabbit renal microvessels. We investigated the global effect of human PTH(hPTH) and PTHrp on systemic and regional hemodynamics in conscious rats. The hypotensive response to PTHrp was more potent than that to hPTH. Although hPTH (15 micrograms/kg/min, i.v.) caused a significant increase in cardiac output, whereas PTHrp (5 micrograms/kg/min, i.v.) caused no change in cardiac output despite a similar hypotensive effect to hPTH, the effects of PTHrp and hPTHrp on regional hemodynamics were quite similar, and both peptides had a prominent vasodilatory effect on the coronary and hepatic arteries. Therefore, PTHrp appears to have an important role in blood pressure and regional hemodynamics as does hPTH.
Animals↗
[A senile patient with Rendu-Osler-Weber disease who underwent resection of 4 multiple bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas].
A 70-year-old female patient with multiple bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas was referred to our hospital for its treatment. She had experienced frequent epistaxis and had nasopharyngeal telangiectasia. Her mother, sister and all four children also suffered from epistaxis. We diagnosed this patient as Rendu-Osler-Weber disease combined with multiple bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. Her chest roentgenogram revealed 4 arteriovenous fistulas in the left lung and 2 arteriovenous fistulas in the right. On admission arterial blood gas analysis while breathing room air showed a PaO2 of 39.8 torr and an SaO2 of 75.4%. The percent of R-L shunt was calculated to be 56.5%. Because of severe hypoxemia, she underwent resection of four large fistulas in segments 3, 4, 5, and 8 of the left lung. Twenty-eight days after the operation, the PaO2 was 76.4 torr and SaO2 was 95.7%. There was no sign of enlargement in size of the remaining arteriovenous fistulas.
Aged↗
Cardiac function and exercise capacity of diabetic patients.
To evaluate the relationship between cardiac function at rest and the exercise capacity of diabetic patients, left ventricular function and exercise capacity were evaluated in 15 non-insulin-dependent male diabetic patients. Isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) and the PEP/LVET ratio were obtained by simultaneous echophonocardiograms, electrocardiograms, and recordings of the carotid arterial pulse. VO2 at anaerobic threshold was obtained from a cycle ergometer exercise test with expired gas analysis. Patients were divided into two groups: those with IRT less than 90 msec (Group 1) and those with IRT greater than or equal to 90 msec (Group 2). Group 2 patients had a lower VO2 at anaerobic threshold than Group 1 (Group 1: 17.4 +/- 3.6, Group 2: 12.9 +/- 2.5 ml/min/kg; M +/- SD, p less than 0.05). There was a good correlation between the IRT at rest and delta HR, defined as the change in heart rate from rest to anaerobic threshold (r = 0.666, p less than 0.01), and between delta HR and the beat-to-beat variation in R-R interval at rest (r = 0.637, p less than 0.02). There was also a good correlation between VO2 at anaerobic threshold and IRT (r = 0.555, p less than 0.05), and between VO2 at anaerobic threshold and delta HR (r = 0.858, p less than 0.01). Our data suggests that both left ventricular diastolic function and cardiac sympathetic nervous system reflexes, reflected by delta HR, may affect the exercise capacity of diabetic patients. Thus, IRT obtained by a non-invasive method may provide a useful index for cardiovascular response to exercise in diabetic patients without coronary artery disease.
Adult↗
Age-related changes in adrenergic alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta receptors of rat white fat cell membranes: an analysis using [3H]bunazosin as a novel ligand for the alpha 1 adrenoceptor.
Age-related changes in alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-catecholamine receptors on membrane of rat epididymal fat cells were investigated. Both young (6 weeks old, weight about 190 g) and aged (20 weeks old, weight about 490 g) Sprague-Dawley male rats were used. For the alpha 1-adrenoceptor binding experiment, we developed a novel analytical method using the hydrophilic alpha 1-receptor selective antagonist, [3H]bunazosin. The binding of [3H]bunazosin to its binding sites was rapid, reversible, saturable, and stereospecific. Scatchard binding analysis showed a single class of binding site. The sites were characterized as alpha 1-adrenoceptors by inhibition experiments using various agonists and antagonists. The number of maximum binding sites (Bmax) of alpha 1-receptor binding was 37.0 +/- 6.5 (young) versus 24.0 +/- 3.2 (aged) fmol/mg protein (P less than 0.01). [3H]Rauwolscine and [3H]CGP-12177 were used for alpha 2- and beta-receptor binding, respectively. In alpha 2-receptor detection using [3H]rauwolscine as a ligand, Bmax increased markedly from 19.8 +/- 4.9 to 86.2 +/- 19.5 fmol/mg protein (P less than 0.01). In contrast, Bmax for beta-receptor decreased from 69.7 +/- 9.7 to 45.4 +/- 13.9 fmol/mg protein with increasing rat age (P less than 0.05). Kd showed no change in each of the binding experiments between young and aged rats. The cell volume increased from 0.07 +/- 0.02 to 0.15 +/- 0.06 nl. It is implied that anti-lipolytic activity strengthened on the whole mainly with the marked increase of alpha 2-receptor number and decrease of beta-receptor number.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adipose Tissue↗
Improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism associated with selective reduction of intra-abdominal visceral fat in premenopausal women with visceral fat obesity.
Visceral fat obesity (VFO) with predominant intra-abdominal fat accumulation has been shown to be more often associated with metabolic disorders than subcutaneous fat obesity (SFO). In the present study, changes in fat distribution and their effects on metabolic complications were investigated in forty premenopausal female obese patients in whom substantial weight reduction was obtained by means of a low calorie diet. Analysis of fat distribution by CT scanning demonstrated that visceral fat decreased to a greater extent than abdominal subcutaneous fat, which was particularly evident in VFO patients. On the other hand, change of fat distribution was small in SFO patients. That is, visceral to subcutaneous abdominal fat ratio (V/S ratio) decreased from 0.62 +/- 0.36 to 0.46 +/- 0.33 in VFO, whereas from 0.23 +/- 0.07 to 0.20 +/- 0.09 in SFO after weight reduction. Although obese patients, especially those with VFO, were frequently associated with glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia, marked diminution was observed in the elevated levels of plasma glucose area on 75g OGTT, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride after weight reduction. By the examination of interrelationship between the changes in body weight, BMI, total and regional fat volume and changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, we found that the decrease in the V/S ratio and visceral fat volume were more strongly correlated with the improvement in plasma glucose and lipid metabolism compared to the decrease in body weight, BMI, total fat volume and abdominal subcutaneous fat volume. Furthermore, partial correlation analyses demonstrated that the metabolic improvements were associated with changes in visceral abdominal fat after control for changes in total adipose tissue volume.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abdomen↗
Visceral fat obesity: anthropological and pathophysiological aspects.
Human obesity is a heterogeneous group from the aspect of topographical fat distribution. Our analyses using CT scan imaging indicated that human obesity should be classified into two categories: subcutaneous fat obesity and visceral fat obesity. Metabolic and circulatory disturbances are far more frequently associated with visceral fat obesity than with subcutaneous fat obesity. High sucrose diet might be one of the factors that increase visceral fat accumulation. On the other hand, visceral fat is rather sensitive to calorie restriction and exercise therapy, and can be reduced through these efforts of each subject with visceral fat obesity.
Abdomen↗
Treatment of visceral fat obesity.
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1-Deoxynojirimycin↗
Ideal body weight estimated from the body mass index with the lowest morbidity.
The ideal body weight (kg) of each individual can be calculated by the following formula: ideal body mass index x the height (m)2, since body mass index is expressed by the body weight in kilogram divided by the height squared in meters. We investigated an ideal body mass index with respect to morbidity in 4565 Japanese men and women aged 30-59 years. Ten medical problems served as indices of morbidity: lung disease, heart disease, upper gastrointestinal disease, hypertension, renal disease, liver disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes mellitus and anemia. The value of body mass index associated with the lowest morbidity was 22.2 kg/m2 in men and 21.9 kg/m2 in women, according to the quadratic regression curves relating body mass index to morbidity. From these findings, we propose that the ideal body weight is 22 x height (m)2. Our recommendations apply to the age group studied, namely 30-59 years.
Adult↗
High sucrose diet increases visceral fat accumulation in VMH-lesioned obese rats.
We have previously reported that metabolic abnormalities in obese subjects are closely related to intraabdominal fat accumulation. In order to clarify the causal relationship between high sucrose intake and intraabdominal visceral fat accumulation, the effects of a high sucrose diet on mesenteric fat weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and triglyceride (TG) levels were investigated in bilateral ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned obese rats (VMH) and control rats (control). The mesenteric fat weight (g)/abdominal subcutaneous fat weight (g) (M/S ratio), a parameter of visceral fat accumulation, was significantly higher in a high sucrose diet fed group (HSD group) (VMH 1.94 +/- 0.71, control 1.63 +/- 0.28) than in a lab chow fed group (LC group) (VMH 1.30 +/- 0.31, control 1.27 +/- 0.33) (P less than 0.01). In addition, the fat cell volume of mesenteric fat deposits was significantly greater in the HSD group (VMH 1.17 +/- 0.26 nl, control 0.24 +/- 0.10 nl) than in the LC group (VMH 0.74 +/- 0.27 nl, control 0.14 +/- 0.07 nl) (P less than 0.001), although the fat cell number did not differ among any experimental rat groups. FPG and TG levels were higher in the HSD group than in the LC group in VMH-lesioned rats, and a significant correlation was observed between mesenteric fat volume and FPG levels (VMH r = 0.58, P less than 0.05; control r = 0.50, P less than 0.05) as well as between mesenteric fat volume and TG levels (VMH r = 0.49, P less than 0.05; control r = 0.56, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adipose Tissue↗
Inhibitory effect of a new alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on fatty liver in Zucker fatty rats.
The livers of Zucker fatty (fa/fa) and lean (Fa/-) rats treated with standard rat chow diet containing 0, 10 or 50 ppm alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AO-128) for 10 weeks were studied morphologically and biochemically. Light microscopic examination of livers from untreated Zucker fatty rats showed severe steatosis. The triglyceride content in the livers from Zucker fatty rats was significantly higher than that from lean rats (73 +/- 9 micrograms/mg protein for Zucker fatty rats vs. 30 +/- 10 for lean rats, p less than 0.01). Administration of the inhibitor caused a marked decrease in the number and size of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes from Zucker fatty rats and a decrease in the triglyceride content in the liver (73 +/- 9 micrograms/mg protein for untreated, 54 +/- 16 for 10-ppm-treated and 48 +/- 23 for 50-ppm-treated rats, p less than 0.05). This is the first report showing an inhibitory effect of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor on steatosis in Zucker fatty rats.
Animals↗
Gibberellin A(3) Is Biosynthesized from Gibberellin A(20) via Gibberellin A(5) in Shoots of Zea mays L.
[17-(13)C,(3)H]-Labeled gibberellin A(20) (GA(20)), GA(5), and GA(1) were fed to homozygous normal (+/+), heterozygous dominant dwarf (D8/+), and homozygous dominant dwarf (D8/D8) seedlings of Zea mays L. (maize). (13)C-Labeled GA(29), GA(8), GA(5), GA(1), and 3-epi-GA(1), as well as unmetabolized [(13)C]GA(20), were identified by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM) from feeds of [17-(13)C, (3)H]GA(20) to all three genotypes. (13)C-Labeled GA(8) and 3-epi-G(1), as well as unmetabolized [(13)C]GA(1), were identified by GC-SIM from feeds of [17-(13)C, (3)H]GA(1) to all three genotypes. From feeds of [17-(13)C, (3)H]GA(5), (13)C-labeled GA(3) and the GA(3)-isolactone, as well as unmetabolized [(13)C]GA(5), were identified by GC-SIM from +/+ and D8/D8, and by full scan GC-MS from D8/+. No evidence was found for the metabolism of [17-(13)C, (3)H]GA(5) to [(13)C]GA(1), either by full scan GC-mass spectrometry or by GC-SIM. The results demonstrate the presence in maize seedlings of three separate branches from GA(20), as follows: (a) GA(20) --> GA(1) --> GA(8); (b) GA(20) --> GA(5) --> GA(3); and (c) GA(20) --> GA(29). The in vivo biogenesis of GA(3) from GA(5), as well as the origin of GA(5) from GA(20), are conclusively established for the first time in a higher plant (maize shoots).
Journal Article↗
Close correlation of intra-abdominal fat accumulation to hypertension in obese women.
The relation between intra-abdominal visceral fat accumulation and blood pressure was investigated in 67 obese women (mean body mass index, 33.6 +/- 3.1; average age, 50 +/- 11 years). As an index of intra-abdominal fat accumulation, the ratio of the intra-abdominal visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area was determined using a computed tomographic section at the level of the umbilicus. When the obese subjects were divided into a hypertensive group and a normotensive group, the ratio of the intra-abdominal visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area in the hypertensive group was significantly higher (0.53 +/- 0.33 versus 0.29 +/- 0.12, p less than 0.01). Significant correlations between the ratio of intra-abdominal visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.62, p less than 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.53, p less than 0.001) also were found. However, no significant difference existed in either the body mass index or the waist-to-hip circumference ratio between the hypertensive and normotensive groups. Plasma renin activity, aldosterone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Moreover, the correlation between the ratio of the intra-abdominal visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area ratio and blood pressure was found independent of age and body mass index by multiple regression analyses. We conclude that intra-abdominal fat accumulation itself may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in obesity.
Abdomen↗
[Rapid resolution of acute subdural hematoma. Report of two cases].
The authors report two cases of rapid resolution of acute subdural hematoma. Case 1, a 78-year-old male, sustained head trauma and became unconscious for a few minutes, but on arrival he was alert and neurological examination was normal. A computed tomography (CT) scan taken 5 hours after the injury showed a high-dense subdural hematoma partly containing low-density area over the right cerebral hemisphere. He was conservatively treated. A CT scan taken 33 hours after the injury disclosed diminution of the hematoma and appearance of a thin high-density layer in the subdural space adjacent to the tentorium. The high-density layer disappeared on a CT scan taken 7 days after the injury. Case 2, an 84-year-old female, struck her head in the occipital region. On arrival she was drowsy but otherwise had no neurological abnormality. A CT scan taken 1 hour after the injury demonstrated a high-dense subdural hematoma partly containing low-density area over the right cerebral hemisphere. She was conservatively managed and became asymptomatic. A CT scan taken 14 hours after the injury disclosed complete resolution of the hematoma and appearance of a thin high-density layer in the subdural space adjacent to the falx and the tentorium. This high-density layer also completely disappeared on a CT scan taken 14 days after the injury. It was suggested that a mechanism of rapid resolution of the acute subdural hematoma was attributable to washing-out by cerebrospinal fluid.
Acute Disease↗