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Biomedical subjects

S Fujino

Publications and source records attributed to S Fujino.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Cost-benefit analysis of medicinal treatment for gastric ulcers. Long-term model including healing and recurrence.

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) are increasingly being used in medical practice and in health policy making. The choice among alternative treatments, the aim of a more efficient use of limited resources and the wider goal of cost containment, are so many reasons for CBA and CEA. This paper addresses the rather unexplored field of long-term cost-benefit analysis. Gastric ulcer, which is a recurrent disease is taken as a case study. Mathematical modelling is used for situation analysis of alternative long-term intervention strategies. The use of recurrence in the model makes the results of earlier CBA's based on the healing of a single episode, open to question. The paper holds important lessons for both the theoretical aspects of CBA and for its utilization in health policy formulation.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1985

["Inlay set"].

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Dental Cements↗
PubMed1983

Studies on the Indonesian Antiaris toxicaria sap.

The present research is on a milky sap obtained from the Antiaris toxicaria tree (Moraceae) which is called Upas or Ipoh in Indonesia. The crude sap was administered to anesthetized rats, and changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) and systemic blood pressure was observed. Biologically and pharmacologically active components were extracted from the crude sap by means of water-acetone solution. Based on the strength of chemical qualitative detection tests of the sap extract (SE), cardiac glycosides are supposed to be the main components. The SE inhibited the Na+-, K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) which was partially purified from guinea pig heart muscle. When the SE and, concurrently, authentic ouabain were applied to isolated frog heart muscles, the fall of twitch tension was observed after the increased tension on mechanograms. These facts suggest that the main components of the milky sap are cardiac glycosides, and glycosides affect Na+, K+-ATPase activity of muscle membrane and heart muscle contraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Subcellular distribution of 3H-digitoxin and its metabolites in the hearts of the cats with a hypersensitivity to the drug.

To clarify the cause of hypersensitivity to digitoxin, an experiment was carried out with cats. The most potent hypersensitivity to digitoxin has been observed 48 hr after the injection of a loading dose. However, 1 hr after this injection, the cats failed to show the hypersensitivity. One, 24 and 48 hr after the injection of 3H-digitoxin, the contents of digitoxin and its metabolites in subcellular fractions of hearts were measured. Digitoxin contents in microsomal fractions 48 hr after the injection only slightly decreased. while those in mitochondrial and nuclear fractions markedly decreased as compared with the check at 1 hr. An increase of sodium ions and a decrease of potassium ions in the hearts were seen 48 hr after the injection. These facts may be related to the cause of hypersensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Ouabain potentiation and Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells.

In this article, we describe a possible mechanism of ouabain potentiation in heart based on the following findings in cardiac and skeletal muscles of various species. (1) In heart ventricle muscles of frog and guinea pig, the ouabain potentiation is produced without an effect on Ca influx. In both frog and cat heart ventricle muscles, ouabain potentiates the rapid cooling contracture with or without caffeine in a Ca-deprived medium. It follows, therefore, that the ouabain potentiation is produced by an "intracellular" mechanism. (2) In crab single muscle fibers, contractile responses such as twitch, potassium-induced contracture, caffeine-induced contracture, and water-induced contracture are remarkably potentiated if ouabain is present within the fibers by microinjection, whereas the situation is reversed if the drug is given extracellularly. (3) The ouabain potentiated the Ca release from fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) isolated from cat, guinea pig, and frog heart and from skeletal muscles as a result of the procedures used, such as changing the ionic environment. (4) In frog, cat, and guinea pig heart ventricle muscles, a reduction of contractility as a result of pretreatment with urea--Ringer's was completely cancelled by ouabain almost without influencing the membrane depolarization. Based on these findings and others, the deduction was made that the positive inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides on the heart is brought about by potentiation of contraction - Ca release from the intracellular store sites, namely the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of alpha blockers on blood pressure and on the Ca-contracture of cat aortic strips.

To further clarify the hypotensive mechanism of adrenergic alpha blockers, effects of several alpha blockers on systemic blood pressure and on Ca-contracture of isolated, cat aortic strips were studied. For this purpose, the effects of known adrenergic alpha blockers, phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, and a newly synthesized adrenergic alpha blocker (2-(N-(n-Butyloyl)homopiperazine-N'-yl)-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy quinazoline; E-643) were compared with those of nitroglycerin and verapamil. Systemic blood pressure was decreased by administration (2 x 10(-8) moles/kg i.v.) of all drugs except phenoxybenzamine. The order of maximal fall of diastolic blood pressure after the injection was; nitroglycerin greater than E-643 greater than phentolamine greater than verapamil greater than phenoxybenzamine. Although "adrenaline reversal" was observed after 2 x 10(-7) moles/kg of phenoxybenzamine, i.e. a 10-fold increase in the dose of phenoxybenzamine, there was no decrease in systemic blood pressure with this dose. All these drugs in a concentration of 2 x 10(-6) M inhibited the Ca-contracture (phasic and tonic) of the depolarized aortic strips. The order of inhibition of phasic and tonic contracture was: nitroglycerin greater than E-643, verapamil greater than phentolamine greater than phenoxybenzamine. The pA2 values for phentolamine and E-643 in antagonizing contractions produced by noradrenaline of cat aortic strips were 7.8 and 8.2, respectively. Hypotensive effects of these drugs (except phenoxybenzamine), parallel the inhibitory effects on the Ca-contracture of the aortic strips. These results suggest that alpha blockers such as phentolamine and E-643 exert a systemic hypotensive effect not through their alpha blocking action but by an inhibitory action on the contractile Ca-mechanism.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Ouabain potentiation of rapid cooling contracture of caffeinized cardiac muscles in calcium deprived medium.

To obtain further evidence concerning the intracellular action of ouabain, we observed the effect of this compound on contractures evoked by rapid cooling in the presence of caffeine (rapid cooling caffeine contracture; RCCC), in cardiac muscles under conditions of a Ca deprived medium. The experiments were carried out at 20 degrees C using cat papillary muscles and frog ventricle strips, with the exception of cooling (2 degrees C). The muscles were first immersed in normal solution, electrically driven, then immersed in 1 mM EDTA solution for 6 min. The strips were then immersed for 10 min in a caffeine solution prepared by eluting a no-Ca solution containing 50 mM caffeine through Dowex A-1, Ca-chelating resin. Finally, the caffeine solution was exchanged with fresh caffeine solution of 2 degrees C to evoke to RCCC. Ouabain (1 X 10(-7)--1 X 10(-5) M) markedly potentiated RCCC. An ouabain-induced increase of RCCC did not appear in the resting strips unless the tissues were electrically stimulated. 3H-ouabain occupied a considerable cellular space (0.55) at the appearance of the ouabain potentiation of RCCC (14C-inulin space; 0.20). The appearance of the ouabain potentiation of RCCC was independent of changes in 22Na, Ca2+ and ATP contents in the strips. A possible mechanism of the potentiating effect of ouabain on contraction is discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗