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Biomedical subjects

S Franklin

Publications and source records attributed to S Franklin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Comparative trends in hospital expenses, finances, utilization, and inputs, 1970-81.

The annual surveys of the American Hospital Association historically have been only national source of statistics on hospital structure and performance. Although valuable, this source has not provided the policy or research community with hospital-specific information on revenues, assets, and financial status. Data on these and other variables from heretofore unpublished Medicare cost report data are presented in this article. Hospital expenses, revenues, profits, indebtedness, utilization, investments, and employees are trended over the 1970-81 period by urban-rural location, teaching status, and ownership. It is indicated in these data that a major transformation in the hospital industry has occurred in response to cost-based Medicare-Medicaid and other factors that made acute care essentially unaffordable to the average citizen. The health maintenance organization movement and Medicare's prospective payment system are seen as logical reactions to this transformation.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1986

The results of checking a scoring system for neonatal seizures.

We report the result of checking a scoring system for neonatal seizures in which information from the EEG, etiology, neurological examination, seizure type and birth weight are combined to predict neurological sequelae and to make decisions about treatment. The results for two samples are presented and compared. The first sample included 96 neonates; 103 neonates were evaluated in the second sample, yielding data from 199 neonates in the combined samples. The scoring system served to separate neonates who had neurological sequelae at age 10 months or more from those who did not. In addition, the scoring system provided an excellent guide for treatment of neonatal seizures. Neonates with scores less than or equal to 4 can be safely discharged from the hospital without anticonvulsant therapy. At age three months a score of less than or equal to 5 can be used as a guideline for discontinuing anticonvulsant therapy.

Developmental Disabilities↗
PubMed1986

Impact of the New York Long-Term Home Health Care Program.

The Long-Term Home Health Care Program (LTHHCP), also known as the Nursing Homes Without Walls, is an innovative, comprehensive Medicaid program in New York State that provides nursing home level of care to patients at home. This paper evaluates the performance of the first nine LTHHCP sites over the first 2 years of operation. Across all sites there is clear evidence that the program has been extremely successful in reducing levels of nursing home utilization. In the five upstate sites, considerable cost savings have also been achieved while improving patient survival. In the four New York City sites, patient outcomes have also been favorable, but health care costs for clients have been higher than would have been the case had clients not enrolled in the LTHHCP. Across the entire state, results could have been better if enrollment had been targeted to subsets of the eligible patient groups for whom the LTHHCP is most cost effective.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of word retrieval deficits in aphasia. A comparison of two therapy methods.

The effects of two therapy methods in the treatment of picture naming problems are compared, using a within-patient design with 12 adult patients with chronic acquired aphasia. We contrast techniques that require the patient to process the meaning corresponding to the picture name (semantic treatment) with those that provide the patients with information about the phonological form of the name (phonological treatment). With each method, patients either had 4 sessions of treatment over one week, or 8 sessions over two weeks. Both methods caused day-by-day improvement that was specific to the actual items treated. Both methods resulted in significant improvement in naming when this was measured one week after the end of treatment, with a small, but significant advantage for the semantic treatment; this is mainly due to improvement that generalizes to untreated items. We conclude that specific and theoretically motivated treatment methods can cause significant improvement in the word retrieval ability of patients with chronic aphasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Vocal and finger reaction times in stutterers and nonstutterers: differences and correlations.

The purposes of this study were (a) to assess whether the slower reaction times of stutterers are related to the etiology of the disorder or whether they are a by-product of it, and (b) to see if previously reported correlations between vocal and manual reaction times resulted from large numbers of trials. Fourteen adult stutterers and matched controls said "uh" or pressed a button in response to the offset of tones varying randomly in duration. Ten trials were used. The stutterers were significantly slower in both speech and nonspeech tasks, but the correlations between voice and manual reaction times were not significant. This suggested that stutterers' slower reaction times may be obtained without using large numbers of trials and that the correlation between the two tasks may depend on the number of trials used. The stutterers showed a significantly larger difference between vocal and manual reaction times than the nonstutterers. This suggested that the slower reaction times of stutterers are not entirely a by-product of the disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The relationships of transcephalic impedance, head growth and caloric intake to outcome in preterm infants.

Twenty-two preterm infants with birth weights less than 1 400 g were measured weekly with transcephalic impedance and occipital-frontal head circumference. Mean caloric intake/kg/day was calculated weekly. All infants were assessed at one year of age with Bayley Mental and Motor Scales and neurological assessment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed indicating that transcephalic impedance was the most powerful of the three measures as a predictor of sequelae.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1979

Familial pheochromocytoma: a report of 2 cases in a kindred.

A kindred with 2 current cases of pheochromocytoma is reported. The proband had classical features of adrenal medullary hyperfunction, in addition to Raynaud's phenomenon. After surgical removal of the right adrenal gland, containing a pheochromocytoma and a small paraganglioma, the patient was free of symptoms. The 12-year-old son of the proband was discovered to have relatively asymptomatic sustained hypertension on routine examination. Biochemical and radiological tests confirmed the diagnosis of a left adrenal pheochromocytoma, which was removed successfully.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Antigenic cross-reactivity between human and marmoset zonase pellucidae, a potential target for immunocontraception.

Cross-reactivity between marmoset, chimpanzee, human and pig zona pellucida antigens was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and zona precipitation. In marmosets, anti-zona antibody prevented sperm attachment to eggs in vitro, and the antibody could be detected on zonae of ovarian oocytes following passive immunization. Use of the marmoset as an animal model in testing feasibility of the zona approach to immunocontraception is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Renal transplantation in a Community Hospital.

Eighty renal transplantations were performed at an urban community hospital over a ten-year period. Forty-two transplants were from living related donors and 38 from cadaver donors. The one-year rejection rate for cadaveric transplants was 35% and for transplants between parents and children, 31%, whereas only one of 21 (5%) transplants between siblings was rejected during the first year. These results compare favorably with those reported by others and appear to justify performance of kidney transplantation in the community hospital setting where large numbers of transplant surgeons and nephrologists are involved, and where the number of transplants never has exceeded 15 per year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Four new anti-inflammatory drugs: responses and variations.

Ninety patients with rheumatoid arthritis completed a double-blind crossover trial comparing fenoprofen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen. Fenoprofen and naproxen were slightly more effective than the other two drugs but there were striking individual variations in response. Groups of patients could be identified who preferred each of the four drugs. The commonest side effects were those related to the upper gastrointestinal tract; these showed individual variation and seldom occurred with more than one or two of the drugs. Side effects were least common with ibuprofen and naproxen. Since naproxen combined greater effectiveness with a lower incidence of side effects it must be regarded as the first choice among these drugs. It may be necessary to try several drugs before finding the right one for a particular patient.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1976

Matrix vesicles of bovine fetal cartilage: metabolic potential and solubilization with detergents.

The ATPase of matrix vesicles is not stimulated by calcium ions, nor do the vesicles have any capacity to metabolize glucose. ADPase of high activity is also present; thus vesicles cannot be a component of the conventional ATP cycle, in which energy is stored by phosphorylating ADP and released by hydrolyzing the resultant ATP. These results do not support speculations that matrix vesicles might function by concentrating calcium via an energy-dependent ion transport system such as those found in the plasma membrane and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Matrix vesicles' alkaline phosphatase can be solubilized by treatment with certain detergents: sodium dodecyl sulfate (12 mM and 16 mM), cetylpyridinium chloride (14mM), and deoxycholic acid (DOC, 14 MM). The first two detergents denature the enzyme during storage whereas DOC does not. DOC will also solubilize ATPase and inorganic pyrophosphatase. Yields of the three enzymes are 85-95%. Dialysis of a DOC digest of vesicles removes DOC and 43% of protein, and also causes much of the alkaline phosphatase to become particulate once again.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗