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Biomedical subjects

S Forbes

Publications and source records attributed to S Forbes.

66 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Perceived exertion and gas exchange after calcium and beta-blockade in atrial fibrillation.

Nine male patients (mean age 65 yr) with chronic atrial fibrillation underwent maximal exercise testing during placebo, beta-adrenergic (celiprolol, 600 mg), or calcium (diltiazem, 30 or 60 mg four times daily) channel blockade. The results were analyzed to determine which factors most closely related to ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were evaluated at rest, 3.0 mph/0% grade, the gas exchange anaerobic threshold (ATge), 80% of placebo maximal O2 uptake, and maximal exercise. Both beta-adrenergic and calcium channel blockade significantly reduced heart rate and systolic blood pressure relative to placebo; these effects were more profound during beta-adrenergic blockade and as exercise progressed. Correlation coefficients and estimates of slope were derived for changes in RPE during exercise vs. changes in HR, VO2, VE, and VCO2 during the three treatments (r = 0.76 to 0.92, P less than 0.001). Although RPE was significantly correlated with HR during placebo and diltiazem therapy (r = 0.45, P less than 0.01), this was not the case during beta-adrenergic blockade (r = 0.31, NS). Slope of the regression lines between RPE and VO2, VE, and VCO2 did not differ between the three treatments. Slope of the regression lines between RPE and HR differed only during calcium channel blockade. Because the presence of atrial fibrillation and beta-adrenergic blockade altered the associations between RPE, VO2, and HR, these results suggest that VE is more closely related to RPE than the other parameters.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Resuscitation with Fluosol-DA 20%--tolerance to sepsis.

Any compromise of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) or host defense in general would militate against the potential benefit of fluorocarbon emulsions as oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluids. The relationship between lethal hemorrhagic shock resuscitation with Fluosol-DA 20% and subsequent host depression was examined in a rat model. Host tolerance to a standard intra-abdominal polymicrobial septic challenge was assessed 5 days after hemorrhagic shock. Resuscitation with fluorocarbon was more effective than no resuscitation and is equal to Ringer's lactate. The addition of O2 did not enhance survival. In response to a septic challenge, survival of animals resuscitated with Ringer's lactate was similar to the control group, and fluorocarbon-treated animals had a significantly lower survival. It appears in this study that supplemental oxygen is not needed and that fluorocarbon emulsions act as a volume expander only. The enhanced mortality to a septic challenge may indicate a compromise in the host defense system induced by fluorocarbons, and clinical trials should proceed with caution accordingly.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Recombination aneusomy of chromosome 5 associated with multiple severe congenital malformations.

A male infant is described in whom congenital anomalies were recognized prenatally by ultrasound examination. The infant was delivered following spontaneous labor and died approximately 15 min after birth. An autopsy revealed major anomalies in the central nervous system (holoprosencephaly with premaxillary agenesis), the gastrointestinal system (esophageal atresia) and the heart (tetralogy of Fallot). Chromosomal studies revealed recombinant chromosome 5 [46,XY, rec(5), dup q, inv(5)(p15q32)], resulting in partial trisomy 5q and partial monosomy 5p. Cytogenetic investigation of the family revealed a pericentric inversion of chromosome 5 in the father and paternal grandmother, 46,XY (and XX, respectively,) inv(5)(p15q32). The congenital anomalies in this infant are more extensive and severe than previously reported in cases of recombination aneusomy involving chromosome 5.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

X-inactivation patterns in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts of three cases of X-autosome translocations with abnormal phenotypes.

X-inactivation patterns were studied by replication analyses both in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts of two patients carrying balanced X-autosome translocations, t(X;10)-(pter;q11) and t(X;17)(q11;q11), and one patient with an unbalanced translocation t(X;22)(p21;q11). Preferential late replication of the normal X chromosome was found in lymphocytes of both patients carrying balanced translocations and in skin fibroblasts of the patient carrying the translocation t(X;17). However, skin fibroblasts of the patient with a translocation t(X;10) showed preferential late replication of the abnormal der(X) chromosome with no spreading of late replication to the autosomal segment. In the case of unbalanced translocation t(X;22) there was preferential late replication of the der(X) chromosome both in lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts. The abnormal phenotype of the patients is discussed in relation to the observed X-inactivation patterns and the variability of the patterns in different tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Modulators of plasma fibronectin response during sepsis.

Plasma fibronectin (PFN) depletion has been associated with poor outcome in patients with sepsis or those who have experienced trauma; restoration of normal levels appears beneficial. PFN synthesis is increased after cecal ligation even in malnourished animals with sepsis, implying that stimulation of endogenous PFN synthesis is possible. One hundred rats received either a single therapeutic agent (gelatin, heparin, indomethacin, urokinase, captopril, or endotoxin) or the combination of a cecal ligation and a single agent (cimetidine, methylprednisolone, epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), or transaminomethyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid. PFN levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 0, 24, and 48 hours. Only endotoxin alone caused significant PFN elevation at 24 to 48 hours (p less than 0.01); however, its multiplicity of effects precludes localization of regulatory pathways. Methylprednisolone results in an accelerated rise in PFN levels after operation (p less than 0.05), probably through an intracellular augmentation PFN synthesis. EACA attenuates the postoperative response while transaminomethyl cyclohexane carboxylic acid augments the PFN rise. This effect of EACA implies the existence of a proteolytic fragment capable of stimulating PFN synthesis. If a nontoxic factor can be identified, the use of exogenous PFN may be avoided.

Aminocaproic Acid↗
PubMed1981

Resuscitation with pyridoxalated stroma free hemoglobin: tolerance to sepsis.

The contribution of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in pyridoxalated stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH-P) clearance may be insignificant. The magnitude of this is not at present clear. Any compromise of RES function would militate against its potential benefit as an oxygen-carrying resuscitation fluid. The relationship between lethal hemorrhagic shock resuscitation with SFH-P and subsequent host depression was examined in a rat model. Host tolerance to a standard intra-abdominal polymicrobial septic challenge was assessed 5 days after hemorrhagic shock. Shock resuscitation with pyridoxalated stroma-free hemoglobin was equal to or better than all other resuscitation groups evaluated. Tolerance to a standard septic challenge 5 days after resuscitation was no different between resuscitation groups. There appears to be no compromise to host defense in general in tolerating intra-abdominal sepsis 5 days following shock resuscitation with pyridoxalated stroma-free hemoglobin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Analytical applications of flow injection with chemiluminescence detection--a review.

This paper reviews the literature on analytical applications of flow injection (FI) techniques with chemiluminescence (CL) detection from 1995-1999. The focus is on the application of FI-CL to the quantitative determination of specific analytes in real sample matrices. Therefore, entries have been tabulated under the most appropriate application area, ie pharmaceutical, environmental, foods and beverages and biomedical, as defined by the matrix that has been analysed. Each table lists analytes alphabetically and gives details of the exact sample matrix, the limit of detection (as reported in the original paper) and comments on the CL reaction used.

Environmental Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beyond community assessment into the real world of learning aggregate practice.

One certainty for nursing, and therefore for nursing education, is that nurses of the 21st century will be called upon to deliver aggregate-based care. Faculty, seeking ways to prepare students for this challenge, often use community assessment as a strategy to help develop skills required to implement care at the aggregate level. In this unique program, community projects completed during an undergraduate community and family health nursing course are expanded in scope to include community diagnosis, planning, intervention, and outcome evaluation. Projects offer immediate benefit to the agency and may continue for several semesters, involving students in various phases of the nursing process.

Adult↗