Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Fisher.
The priniciples for setting up early detection and screening programmes are set out. Outlines are given of procedures available, at the time of the writing, in respect of some commonly occurring cancers; these sites being the lung, the female breast, the large bowel and the uterine cervix. The family doctor's role in the field of cancer is an important one. Some aspects for this role are discussed.
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Multiple studies evaluated the role of the following parameters in mediating the effects of auditory subliminal inputs upon the body boundary: being made aware that exposure to subliminal stimuli is occurring, nature of the priming preliminary to the input, length of exposure, competing sensory input, use of specialized content messages, tolerance for unrealistic experience, and masculinity-feminity. A test-retest design was typically employed that involved measuring the baseline Barrier score with the Holtzman bolts and then ascertaining the Barrier change when responding to a second series of Holtzman blots at the same time that subliminal input was occurring. Complex results emerged that defined in considerably new detail what facilitates and blocks the boundary-disrupting effects of subliminal messages in men and to a lesser degree in women.
The meaning of the human movement response (M) to inkblot stimuli was explored in terms of correlations between children's M productions and the attributes of their parents in 119 familes. M scores were available for the family members; and for each parent there were also measures of personality, values, and childrearing attitudes. A number of the parent-child correlational patterns were congruent with Rorschach's theories concerning the significance of M.
12 male subjects were evaluated with a battery of body perception measures before sleep and just after awakening. Personality measures were also obtained. The results indicated a borderline, but not significant, trend at the time of awakening for the body boundary to be reduced in definiteness; and there were sensations that one's body is more dirty, that its openings are more blocked, and that its size is of less expansive proportions. There were also trends for the traits of stability and reflectiveness to predict bodily experiences upon awakening.
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Between the middle of May and middle of July, 1972, 177 children aged up to 15 years were admitted to a nursing home in Sydney on referral from their doctors in country areas of New South Wales for specialized investigation and treatment mainly of respiratory infections, congenital malformations and orthopaedic and ophthalmic conditions. Specimens of faeces from these children were examined for bacterial pathogens and parasites. These tests revealed the presence of intestinal parasites (mostly Giardia lamblia) in 91 of the children and of bacterial pathogens in 14 (a salmonella in one and shigellas in 13). The general health and development of the children and the socioeconomic status of their families were below the average for New South Wales.
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A series of studies demonstrated that out-of-awareness taped messages produce boundary decrement, as measured by the Barrier score, in men. The messages variously included hostility, depression, body, vulnerability, and reassurance themes. All themes, when properly primed, resulted in boundary decline in men. Nonprimed and control conditions did not affect the boundary. Contrastingly, no significant boundary changes were produced by the primed out-of-awareness themes in women. It was proposed that men are more disturbed than women by feeling that material has gained entrance to them in a fashion which they cannot control.
Nineteen psychiatrists who participated in the research training program at Boston University School of Medicine from July 1962 to June 1972 were surveyed by questionnaire to determine how participation in the training program may have affected their subsequent professional careers. Results indicate that-probably via a happy combination of self-selection, screening, and the actual experience of research training-these 19 psychiatrists constitute an impressive group who are active in research, publish extensively, and assume substantial teaching responsibilities at medical schools. The authors suggest tha a postresidency program in research training can be extremely important to the development of careers in psychiatric research and to a more scientifically grounded profession.
The role of oral fantasy in reactions of heavy smokers to smoking deprivation was studied. Experimental subjects were first evaluated with the Holtzman Inkblot Test to measure amount of oral fantasy. They also evaluated themselves on a number of Semantic Differential continua. Smoking deprivation followed. Retest Holtzman blots and Semantic Differential rating scales were then administered. Subjects also indicated number of somatic symptoms and body image distortions produced by deprivation. Control subjects followed the same paradigm except they smoked throughout the procedure. It was found that the greater the orality of experimental subjects the greater the number of somatic symptoms and body distortions they experienced following deprivation; and the more they viewed self as having shifted in a less favorable and less potent direction. Such relationships were absent in the control group.
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