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Biomedical subjects

S Fischer

Publications and source records attributed to S Fischer.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Methods for the elucidation of epidemics of salmonella infections limited to the alimentary tract].

The authors demonstrate results and experience to the methodology of epidemic focus investigations in identification of food causing infections, basing on the evaluation of four Salmonella outbreaks in the district of Gera in 1986 and 1987. The main tasks are: careful anamnestic registration of food and dishes consumed by affected people and persons in the community during the relevant incubation period with help of a check-list, case findings in several stages, continuous documentation of the results in the check-list, analytic evaluation of this list, operative control measures in food-producing factories and super-markets suspected to be a source of infection, microbiologic examinations in men, food, and environment.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1989

[Long-term use of fluoride lacquer in preventive care of school children in area of basic care].

The spread of caries in the city of Rostock was studied from 1979 to 1988 in pupils from classes 1 to 8 where the fluoride varnish application three times a year (Duraphat) was the most important caries prophylaxis measure. All children were included in the evaluation, even those who had entered the school for the first time during the study period and had not had any prior prophylactic treatment. A special study was also made in a single class in the 1st and 6th years, respectively, to compare varnish application by cotton swabs with barrel ampoule injection. A significant reduction in caries was registered in all age groups. The application with barrel ampoule injection proved to be more economical and practical than the cotton swab application. On the whole Duraphat fluoride varnish reasserted its importance in caries prophylaxis and can be regarded as extremely well suited for individual and collective prevention.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Scintigraphy of sustained-release agar-embedded insulin suppositories].

In earlier publications [1-3] we reported on the retardation and protective effect of insulin-agar-embeddings in triglyceride suppositories by in vitro and in vivo tests on rabbits. The discovered effects were visually followed by gammascintigraphic test of adequate rectally applied 131I-insulin-specimens in the rectum and thyroid gland and, in relation with the glucose lowering course, the liberation, distribution and bioavailability of the immobilized hormone was illustrated.

Agar↗
PubMed1988

Prostaglandins E3 and F3 alpha are excreted in human urine after ingestion of n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Prostaglandins E3 and F3 alpha, presumably of renal origin, were characterized for the first time in urine of volunteers after ingestion of n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Quantitation of prostaglandins E3, E2, F3 alpha and F2 alpha using deuterated internal standards showed low levels of the 3 series prostaglandins in the control period. Levels of prostaglandins E3 and F3 alpha rose about 10-fold by the 12th week of the dietary trial and were still elevated 4-fold after a wash-out period of 20 weeks. Excretion of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha tended to be depressed in the 12th week of the dietary trial and rose again to control values after the wash-out period. Our data indicate that n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are incorporated into the human kidney and are retained there for a long time. Prostaglandins E3 and F3 alpha may contribute to the observed favorable effects of marine oils rich in n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on certain renal diseases.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1988

[Intensive basic therapy decreases the need for drug treatment and improves glucose control: an important result of the diabetes intervention study].

In a period of five years in the diabetes intervention study (DIS), 1,139 diabetics aged 30-55 years, who in a 6-week screening phase had been classified as dietetically manageable, were treated in a controlled randomized study with intensified non-medicamentous basic therapy and--in a double blind trial--with 1,6 g clofibric acid. The essential components of the basic therapy were a fat-modified diet (so-called prudent diet) and recommendations for endurance training. Thus in comparison to the control group we succeeded in performing a ca. 40% decrease of the application of oral antidiabetic drugs. The fasting blood values were, nevertheless, with 155 mg% significantly lower than in the control group (169 mg%). Clofibric acid had no influence neither on the necessity to use insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs nor to the control of glycaemia.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

The infusion of trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol into humans and the in vivo formation of prostaglandin I3 and thromboxane A3.

Thirty ml of an emulsion containing 3 g of trieicosapentaenoyl-glycerol (90% pure, containing 5% arachidonic acid (AA)) was infused intravenously in 2 male healthy volunteers. Urine samples were collected for 24 h before and 48 h after the infusion in 5 periods. Urinary metabolites of prostaglandin (PG) I2/3 and thromboxane (TX) A2/3 (PGI2/3-M and TXB2/3-M, respectively) were extracted from the urinary samples and measured by GC-MS. Excretion of PGI3-M was markedly enhanced right after the infusion. Because PGI3 was produced without involvement of intestinal absorption of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), enhanced PGI3 formation was strongly suggested to take place in the vasculature. From the marked increment in TXB2/3-M after the infusion it was calculated that conversion rate of EPA to TXA3 was 8% of that of AA to TXA2 in this in vivo condition.

Emulsions↗
PubMed1988

Purification of the LSTRA tyrosine protein kinase (p56lck).

p56lck, a p60src related tyrosine protein kinase was recently described in a murine lymphoma cell line (LSTRA), in several human lymphomas and in normal peripheral lymphocytes. We have purified p56lck to homogeneity by electrofocusing followed by two-step SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The pure protein was identical to the p56 characterized in LSTRA cells and used to raise antibodies in rabbits. This simple procedure is applicable for the rapid purification of minor proteins.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Platelet-neutrophil interactions. (12S)-hydroxyeicosatetraen-1,20-dioic acid: a new eicosanoid synthesized by unstimulated neutrophils from (12S)-20-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.

In the course of a cell-cell interaction, 12-HETE (12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid), the arachidonic acid lipoxygenase product released from stimulated platelets, is metabolized by a cytochrome P-450 enzyme system in unstimulated neutrophils to 12,20-DiHETE (12,20-dihydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid). This report describes time-dependent formation of a new eicosanoid by unstimulated neutrophils exposed to 12-HETE, which is more polar than 12,20-DiHETE (reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography). Time course studies indicated that the precursor compound of this new eicosanoid was 12,20-DiHETE. This was determined by incubation of purified 12,20-DiHETE with neutrophils, which resulted in a progressive decrease in 12,20-DiHETE as formation of the polar metabolite increased. In the absence of neutrophils, 12,20-DiHETE was quantitatively unchanged. The new metabolite of 12,20-DiHETE was identified as 12-hydroxyeicosatetraen-1,20-dioic acid, based upon its UV spectrum, co-chromatography with a chemically synthesized standard in both high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography systems, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Formation of 12-HETE-1,20-dioic acid was partially inhibited by 20-hydroxy-LTB4. This indicated that the neutrophil dehydrogenase responsible for further metabolism of 12,20-DiHETE may also be involved in conversion of 20-hydroxy-LTB4 to 20-carboxy-LTB4. The 12,20-DiHETE dehydrogenase enzyme system specifically requires NAD as cofactor and has subcellular components in both cytosolic and microsomal fractions which are synergistic in their activity. These results provide additional evidence for the occurrence of multicellular metabolic events during hemostasis, thrombosis, and the inflammatory response.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
PubMed1988

Adaptation of the rat kidney to altered water intake and urine concentration.

Previous experiments in Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus revealed that absence of ADH led to several alterations in kidney anatomy, which could be reversed by chronic ADH treatment. Present experiments were undertaken to determine if similar alterations were observable in normal Wistar rats when endogenous ADH level was varied by manipulating water intake or when exogenous ADH was infused. Water intake was increased by giving food with a high water content ad libitum and offering 5% glucose solution to drink (HWI rats), or decreased by reducing water intake to 1/3 of spontaneous intake (RWI rats). An additional group received chronic ADH infusion with Alzet osmotic minipumps (ADH rats). Results were compared to those obtained in control rats (CON) drinking ad libitum. RWI, CON, and ADH rats ate dry pellets ad libitum. After 6 weeks on these regimens kidneys were perfusion fixed and serial sections were cut for morphometric measurements by light microscopy. Results in the four groups showed that kidney weight relative to body weight was influenced by the operation of urinary concentrating mechanism, with HWI less than CON less than RWI less than ADH. The increase in kidney weight in rats with high urine concentration was not homogeneously distributed throughout the different kidney zones and the different nephron segments. The inner stripe of the outer medulla (IS) increased more in relative height and volume than other kidney zones and, within this zone, the volume of epithelium of thick ascending limb of Henle's loops (TAL) increased more than expected from the whole kidney weight increase. In outer stripe of outer medulla (OS) and in cortex (C), TAL hypertrophy was equal to or lower than expected from whole kidney weight increase. Collecting duct epithelium in C, OS, and IS increased in proportion to whole kidney weight. The MTAL hypertrophy in IS was due to an increase in size of preexisting cells, except in the ADH group where an increase in cell number was also observed. Internephron heterogeneity with regard to glomerular size was greater in RWI and ADH than in CON and HWI rats. The marked hypertrophy of the deep TAL in the IS of rats in which urine concentration was stimulated could be related to an increase in salt transport in this nephron segment, triggered both by a direct stimulation by ADH, and by an increased salt recycling. The elongation of the inner stripe provides a greater length for the operation of the countercurrent multiplier system responsible for building up of the osmotic pressure gradient in the medulla.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immunohistochemical study of intimal protein deposits in the aging vascular wall of normo- and hypertensive patients.

In an attempt to obtain immunohistochemical data of use for evaluating the severity and extent of intimal thickening (IT) in normo- and hypertensive patients small-sized arteries were analyzed by the immunoperoxidase staining technique for intimal deposition of albumin, fibrinogen, IgG, IgM and beta-lipoprotein. The material included surgical biopsies from 143 temporal arteries and matched autopsy samples of temporal- and interlobar renal arteries from 33 patients. The intimal protein deposits were found to reflect the presence of IT but not the state of hypertension. comparisons between the matched temporal and renal arteries showed rank correlation regarding IT as well as deposition of fibrinogen, IgG and beta-lipoprotein. However, fibrinogen was the only protein, which also showed congruous mean values for the two different arterial types. We therefore conclude that out of the 5 proteins examined in this study, fibrinogen appears to be the most reliable marker of IT in small-sized arteries.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Traumatic anterior dislocation of the hip joint with fracture of the acetabulum: a case report.

A 67-year-old woman sustained a pubic-type anterior dislocation of the hip associated with a comminuted fracture of the anterosuperior part of the acetabulum and the anteroinferior iliac spine following a fall on the knee. Because of interposition of the iliopsoas tendon, closed reduction followed by skeletal traction failed to achieve reduction of the acetabular fragment. An abnormally high degree of anteversion of the femoral neck is suggested as a possible predisposing factor in this injury.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1988

Two-site assay of intact parathyroid hormone in the investigation of primary hyperparathyroidism and other disorders of calcium metabolism compared with a midregion assay.

We compared the utility of measurements of serum intact human PTH-(1-84) and midregion human PTH-(44-68) in patients with disorders of extracellular calcium metabolism. Serum midregion PTH was determined by RIA, and serum intact PTH was measured by a sensitive and specific immunoradiometric two-site assay. The serum intact PTH concentrations in 70 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were above the normal range in 69, and thus widely separated from the levels in 40 patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy, in whom serum intact PTH values were usually below normal. In contrast, both groups had overlapping serum midregion PTH values. In patients after renal transplantation and those with chronic renal failure, serum intact PTH levels were in the normal range twice as often as were serum midregion PTH values. The intact PTH assay was also superior in detecting venous gradients of the hormone and changes in PTH secretion caused by altered serum calcium concentrations, and serum intact PTH was remarkably low in hepatic venous effluent. We conclude that this new assay for serum intact PTH is superior to the midregion RIA in investigating parathyroid function in several different clinical conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Is the level of steroid hormones in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles responsible for the prostaglandin I2 inhibitory potency of LDL?

In LDL fractions, isolated by ultracentrifugation, sexual hormones are detectable. LDL from male volunteers contained a significantly higher level of testosterone than LDL from female volunteers. This difference, however, is not responsible for the enhanced ability of LDL from men versus LDL from women to inhibit PGI2 formation. The importance of LDL testosterone is contradicted by the following results: Firstly, the PGI2 inhibitory potency of LDL is independent of the age of volunteers and the recentrifugation of isolated LDL fractions, but the level of testosterone is diminished with increasing age of volunteers and after recentrifugation. Secondly, LDL from hyperlipidemic men type II a did not inhibit PGI2 formation, but the level of testosterone in the LDL of these volunteers is significantly higher than in LDL from healthy men.

Adult↗