Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Feldman

Publications and source records attributed to S Feldman.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The use of private health care providers in rural Bangladesh: a response to Claquin.

This study examines the distribution and differential use of private health care practitioners in one area of Bangladesh. It highlights the importance of gender, age and class factors as these impinge upon the utilization of different health care providers. Based on the complexity of these factors in influencing the utilization of health services, the feasibility of Claquin's recommendation to employ a palli chikitshok cadre of fee-for-service doctors in rural Bangladesh is reassessed. It is concluded that, as presently envisaged, the employment of these health providers would serve to solidify the rural elite structure and further remove quality health care from poor rural villagers.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hippocampal cell nuclear binding of corticosterone following 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine.

Adult male rats were injected into the lateral brain ventricle with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). They were adrenalectomized 5-7 days later and, following an additional 24 h, the specific in vitro [3H]corticosterone binding capacity of dorsal hippocampal slices was determined by estimation of uptake of radioactivity by the nuclear fraction. Specific corticosterone (CS) binding was reduced by 50-70% in the neurotoxin-treated as compared to vehicle-injected animals. Brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations were depleted by 50-70% in the 5,7-DHT-injected rats. These results suggest that the maintenance of normal dorsal hippocampal CS binding capacity is dependent upon the integrity of endogenous brain serotoninergic neuronal systems.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1983

Differential effects of medial forebrain bundle lesions on adrenocortical responses following limbic stimulation.

Adult male rats had electrolytic lesions placed bilaterally in the medial forebrain bundle and were subsequently implanted with stimulating electrodes in one of the following limbic regions: (1) dorsal hippocampus; (2) ventral hippocampus; (3) medial septal nucleus; (4) basolateral amygdala; (5) mesencephalic reticular formation. Following electrical stimulation, blood was drawn by acute venesection, under either, for plasma corticosterone determinations. In non-lesioned animals, electrical stimulation in all of the limbic regions led to elevated plasma corticosterone levels. In rats with lesions in the medial forebrain bundles, the adrenocortical response to stimulation in the dorsal hippocampus, the basolateral amygdala or the reticular formation was markedly attenuated. On the contrary, the same lesions were without effect upon the corticosterone secretory response to medial septal stimulation, and had only a slight inhibitory effect upon the response to electrical stimulation in the ventral hippocampus. The results demonstrate that the medial forebrain bundle plays a major role in the transmission of impulses to the mediobasal hypothalamus, originating in the dorsal hippocampus, basolateral amygdala or mesencephalic reticular formation, which activate adrenocortical secretion; its role in the transmission of cues arising in the ventral hippocampus or medial septum is, however, minor.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1983

Polyorchidism discovered as testicular torsion.

We report a case of polyorchidism that presented as testicular torsion. A brief historical note and the clinical manifestations are discussed. Of the 39 reported cases in the literature this is the second case in which histopathology of the excised testicle revealed Sertoli cells without evidence of spermatogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Aspirin in the treatment of episiotomy pain.

We studied 160 postpartum women having moderate to severe episiotomy pain to determine the efficacy of aspirin analgesia, with 5, 10, and 20 grain doses, as compared to placebo. Over a four-hour period, all groups treated with aspirin showed significantly more improvement in pain intensity scores than those given placebo. Only a small percentage of patients required additional analgesic medication. This study shows that aspirin alone is an effective treatment for relief of moderate to severe episiotomy pain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Immunologic effects of interleukin 2 in primary immunodeficiency diseases.

Five children with primary deficiencies of T cell function were studied to assess the effects of highly purified exogenous Interleukin 2 (IL 2) on their in vitro T cell responses. The lymphocytes from one child with Nezelof's T cell deficiency demonstrated absence of endogenous IL 2 production and improved proliferative responses to mitogen or alloantigen in the presence of exogenous IL 2. Moreover, during in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture in the presence of exogenous IL 2, his lymphocytes were able to develop into cytotoxic effector cells. A second child with Nezelof's syndrome demonstrated a different type of defect. The lymphocytes from this child had less impairment of endogenous IL 2 production. Although IL 2 increased the proliferation of his cells in response to PHA, similar augmentation was not seen after stimulation with OKT3 or alloantigen. In cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays, after mixed lymphocyte culture, natural killer-like activity was strongly boosted in the cultures that contained IL 2, but T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was not. The lymphocytes from three patients with severe combined immunodeficiency did not show improved proliferative responses in the presence of IL 2. Thus, only one of the five patients demonstrated the combination of defective endogenous IL 2 production, but preservation of the ability to respond appropriately to exogenous IL 2. This child may therefore have suffered from a T cell defect pathophysiologically similar to that seen in nude or aged mice.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Effects of naloxone on basal and stress-induced ACTH and corticosterone secretion in the male rat--site and mechanism of action.

The acute effects of naloxone upon basal and stress-induced secretion of ACTH and corticosterone (CS) in the adult male rat were investigated. Forty-five minutes subsequent to naloxone injection (5 mg/kg body wt, i.p.), basal serum levels of ACTH (by radioimmunoassay) and of CS (by corticosterone-binding globulin) were more than doubled, as compared to vehicle-treated animals. Upon exposure to either photic or audiogenic stress, the ACTH and CS secretory responses were greater in the naloxone-injected groups. In animals with complete hypothalamic deafferentation basal serum ACTH concentrations were significantly greater than in intact controls (2-fold), and naloxone elicited a further doubling of this parameter. In dexamethasone-pretreated rats (50 micrograms/animal, 4 h prior to naloxone), naloxone had no effect upon ACTH and CS secretion. This study demonstrates: (1) that acute naloxone administration leads to hypersecretion of ACTH, as well as of CS, in the adult male rat; and (2) that its effect is due to an action within the hypothalamo-hypophyseal unit. The data also suggest that these naloxone effects are not mediated by glucocorticoid hormones.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1982

Influence of subsalicylate bismuth on absorption of doxycycline.

The influence of a typical 60-mL dose of subsalicylate bismuth (Pepto-Bismol) on the absorption of 200 mg of orally administered doxycycline hyclate was studied. Bioavailability of doxycycline was significantly reduced by 37% and 51%, respectively, when subsalicylate bismuth was given simultaneously and as a multiple-dose regimen before doxycycline. Peak serum concentrations of doxycycline were significantly decreased when subsalicylate bismuth was given two hours before doxycycline but not when given two hours after doxycycline. Subsalicylate bismuth should not be taken when doxycycline is used for therapeutic purposes, and we suggest travelers should not take the agents together in an effort to prevent diarrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Human leukocyte interferon for the treatment of varicella in children with cancer.

Human leukocyte interferon was evaluated as a treatment for varicella in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study carried out in two phases. A total of 44 children being treated for cancer were enrolled within 72 hours of the appearance of the exanthem. The mean number of days of new lesion formation was 3.8 +/- 1.89 (+/- S.D.) in the interferon recipients and 5.3 +/- 2.56 in the placebo recipients (P less than 0.05). Eighty-one per cent of the interferon recipients had had no new lesions for 24 hours by Day 7, as compared with 56 per cent of the placebo recipients (P less than 0.025). In the second, higher-dose phase of the study 92 per cent of the interferon recipients had had no new lesions for 24 hours by Day 6, as compared with 45 per cent of the placebo recipients (P less than 0.025). Three of 21 placebo recipients died of progressive varicella. Two of the 23 interferon recipients died two to three weeks after the onset of varicella; viral cultures were negative in one of these patients, and the second had recurrent viremia at the end of the treatment period. Among the survivors, treatment with interferon reduced the number of patients who had life-threatening dissemination (none of 21 vs. three of 18; P = 0.053). We conclude that interferon had an antiviral effect against varicella virus in immunocompromised patients.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1982

The role of surfactants in the release of very slightly soluble drugs from tablets.

The ability of surfactants to accelerate the in vitro dissolution of very slightly soluble drugs has been ascribed to wetting and/or micellar solubilization. Deflocculation as a mechanism to accelerate dissolution has not been investigated. In the present study, the effect of a surfactant on the dissolution kinetics of prednisolone from tablets and the mode of action of the surfactant were investigated. The dissolution of prednisolone at 37 degrees in 0.1 N HCl containing different concentrations of the nonionic surfactant, octoxynol 9, followed zero-order kinetics. The rate constant was increased by 15, 150, and 950% when octoxynol was added to the dissolution medium at 0.0039 and 0.032% (approximately 0.5 and 4.0 times the critical micelle concentration) and incorporated into the tablets (for a final concentration of 0.0039%), respectively. The surface tensions of the dissolution media were 71, 35, and 31 dyne/cm for 0, 0.0039, and 0.032% octoxynol, respectively. The largest decrease in surface tension corresponded to the smallest increase in dissolution rate, indicating that wetting was unimportant. The micellar solubilization capacity of octoxynol was much too small to account for the increases in dissolution rate. Microscopic particle size measurements and sedimentation volume determinations showed the pronounced deflocculation of prednisolone by the surfactant. The observed increases in specific surface area at the two octoxynol concentrations were in good quantitative agreement with the increases in dissolution rate according to the Noyes-Whitney equation.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1982

ACTH and corticosterone secretion following insulin in intact and in variously hypothalamic deafferented male rats.

Adult male rats, intact (N) or with posterior (PHD), anterior (AHD) or complete (CHD) hypothalamic deafferentations, were injected with either 0.04 or 0.2 mu/100 g b.wt. of insulin. Forty-five minutes later they were decapitated and trunk blood was collected for serum glucose, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CS) determinations. The high insulin dose reduced serum glucose by approximately 50% and elicited a marked increase in serum ACTH and CS levels in all groups of animals as compared to the vehicle-treated group. In contrast, the low insulin dose which reduced serum glucose approximately 30% elicited a significant adrenocortical response only in the intact or PHD groups but failed to stimulate this response in animals with CHD or AHD. These results demonstrate that (1) CNS sites, outside the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), mediate the adrenocortical response during the initial stages of hypoglycemia by a neural pathway impinging upon the CRF neurons from the rostral direction, and (2) the adrenocortical response during the more enhanced hypoglycemia stages is mediated by a systemic mechanism which acts directly on the MBH.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

Real time data acquisition and analysis of cardiovascular experiments in dogs.

A hardware-software system is described which enables physiologists to utilize the DEC PDP-ll computer for data acquisition and analysis in the real-time experimental environment. The system allows for A/D conversion of up to 16 physiological parameters, as well as various calculations based upon these parameters such as heart rate, cardiac work, and derivatives and integrals of ventricular tension and pressure. By using a push-button box, the investigator can request a display of the parameters just acquired, a graphic display summarizing the results of the experiment up to the time of request, and also change various parameters such as gain factors, names of stages and erasures. At the end of the experiment, the computer prints a table summarizing the course of the experiment. A data file is written in a standardized format containing the essential data obtained during the experiment.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A simple method for repetitive blood sampling from rats.

A convenient, reliable method for obtaining serial blood samples from rats is described. A simple cannula device is maintained in the ventral caudal artery of lightly etherized rats. Sequential blood samples of desired volume can be taken as frequently as needed without wastage. The technique is minimally traumatic to the animal and does not require extensive preparatory time. Since airtight blood samples can be taken, the technique can be used for pharmacokinetic studies of volatile compounds.

Animals↗