Biomedical subjects

S F Crowe

Publications and source records attributed to S F Crowe.

39 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Effect of retraining trials on memory consolidation in weakly reinforced learning.

Day-old chicks given a single weakly reinforced (20% v/v methyl anthranilate in absolute ethanol) passive avoidance learning trial showed no evidence of long-term memory. A second learning trial given at 15 minutes after initial resulted in consolidation of the learning experience into long-term memory. The retention function resulting from two learning trials is similar to that observed with a single strongly reinforced learning trial, and consists of the stages postulated by Gibbs and Ng. With a dilution of 10% methyl anthranilate in ethanol, four training trials were needed to yield unequivocal evidence of long-term memory consolidation.

2,4-Dinitrophenol↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of a moderate level of white wine consumption on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis before and after a meal.

The nutritional status of the individual at the time of alcohol consumption may mediate the rate of alcohol absorption and metabolism, thus influencing the systemic effect of alcohol on the body. The aim in the present investigation was to assess the effect of moderate white wine consumption on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis under variable nutritional conditions. Seven males aged between 19 and 22 years participated in all aspects of the current investigation. The experimental procedure for the fasting trial required participants to ingest either 4 standard units of alcohol (40 g) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a 135-min period before consuming food for 45 min. Alternatively, in the feeding trial, food was consumed for 45 min prior to participants ingesting either 4 standard units of alcohol (40 g) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a 135-min period. Blood alcohol, salivary cortisol, and salivary dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels were assessed at 45-min intervals during the 180-min experimental periods. The results demonstrated a significant alcohol-induced decrease in salivary cortisol irrespective of nutritional status and a significant decrease in salivary DHEAS when alcohol is consumed alone under fasting conditions only. It was concluded that moderate white wine consumption may promote a transient alteration in the functioning of the HPA axis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of cognitive performance in binge versus regular chronic alcohol misusers.

One hundred cases of individuals assessed for alcohol-related cognitive performance were examined. The assessment included demographic and alcohol consumption data, as well as performance on tests of auditory verbal learning, memory, motor skills, general intellectual functioning, and visuospatial functioning. All participants regularly drank in excess of 10 standard drinks/session. Fifty cases were binge drinkers who consumed alcohol on 2 days/week or less and 50 cases were individuals who consumed alcohol daily. The two groups of drinkers were statistically matched on a number of demographic and misuse factors. The results indicated similar performance for both the binge drinkers and the regular drinkers in visuo-motor speed, visuo-spatial organization and planning, learning, proactive interference, retroactive interference, and retrieval efficiency. However, performance differences were observed on tasks that required semantic organizational ability, with binge drinkers performing better than regular drinkers on these tasks. Due to the differences in the cognitive performance of the two groups, it was concluded that drinking pattern is an important factor in investigating cognitive performance in alcoholics.

Adult↗