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Biomedical subjects

S F Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to S F Cooper.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Determination of loxapine in human plasma and urine and identification of three urinary metabolites.

1. A g.l.c. method for quantitative determination of loxapine (2-chloro-11-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine), in human plasma and urine is described. 2. Preliminary pharmacokinetic data on plasma concn of loxapine over 12 h from five psychiatric patients who received a total average dose of 80 mg of loxapine succinate per day orally for twelve weeks are presented. 3. In addition to unchanged loxapine, three urinary metabolic products, namely aromatic ring-hydroxy loxapine, desmethyl loxapine and loxapine-N-oxide, were identified using g.l.c.--mass spectrometry.

Adult↗

The children of psychiatric patients: clinical findings.

Findings are presented on 42 children of school age, the offspring of 26 adult psychiatric patients. Psychiatric disorder was found in 19 (45 per cent) of the children, compared with 12 (26 per cent) of 47 children from a control group of families. Families with disturbed children differed from the remaining families in the following ways: presence of frank marital discord, the diagnosis of personality disorder in the parents, the inability of the father to tolerate angry situations, and the presence of siblings of under 9 years of age. Six months later 9 of the 19 children had improved considerably. In almost every family this was associated with improvement in the condition of the parents. It is suggested that the psychiatric disorder of these children is reactive to the presence of emotional turmoil in the families.

Adolescent↗

Penfluridol steady-state kinetics in psychiatric patients.

Twenty-two hospitalized schizophrenic patients, participating in a large-scale phase II double-blind dose-effect study (30, 60, and 120 mg weekly) of penfluridol, a new diphenylbutylpiperidine neuroleptic, were maintained on a regular dosage regimen for 13 wk. Several blood samples were taken during the last dosage interval. Results show that the peak concentration develops within 12 hr after the last dose. A rapid decline, probably due to tissue re-equilibration, then occurs and is followed by a much slower falloff. Detectable concentrations 168 hr after administration are consistent with the long duration of action of penfluridol. Statistically significant differences between doses were found in the analysis of variance of plasma concentrations at all sampling times and in mean steady-state plasm concentrations. Wide differences in plasma concentrations were noted in patients receiving the same absolute dose, but a good relationship was defined between mean steady-state concentration and the dose expressed as mg per either kg of body weight or square meter of body surface area.

Administration, Oral↗

Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of penfluridol in plasma. A new specific technique.

Penfluridol is a new long-acting neuroleptic drug, first shown by Janssen et al. (1970) and later proved by numerous clinical investigations. The plasma level data are in agreement with these findings since penfluridol is measurable in plasma of the patients 7 days after the oral dose of 120 mg/week. In summary, we have provided for the first time a rapid, accurate and precise gas-chromatographic method for measurement of penfluridol in the plasma of schizophrenic patients.

Chromatography, Gas↗

Comparative bioavailability of two oral formulations of flurazepam in human subjects.

The systemic availability of an investigational oral formulation of flurazepam was compared to that of a commercially available product whose therapeutic efficacy has been well established by usage. The experiment was designed to dissociate formula on factors from all other sources of variation including differences between subjects, sexes, sequences of administration, experimental periods, as well as sex by sequence, sex by period, and sex by formulation interactions. Systemic availability was assessed by conventional pharmacokinetic techniques. Pharmacokinetic interpretation and statistical analysis of plasma concentrations of flurazepam and its major blood metabolites namely N-1-hydroxyethylfurazepam and N-1-desalkylflurazepam as a function of time and of systemic availability indicators revealed a nearly identical biopharmaceutical behaviour for the two preparations. A significant difference could be seen in the plasma levels of N-1-desalkylflurazepam between male and female subjects. The results collectively indicate a very similar biopharmaceutical performance of the two oral formulations of flurazepam.

Adult↗

Identification and quantitation of N-nitrosamines in human postmortem organs.

A gas-liquid chromatographic method for quantitative determination of six volatile N-nitrosamines in human postmortem organs (brain, liver, kidneys, and pancreas) is described. This method, which is highly sensitive and selective, makes use of two different detectors, i.e., the electron capture detector (ECD) and the thermal energy analyzer (TEA). The mean absolute percentage recoveries of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA, N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPY) were 54.7, 80.0, 79.6, 72.5, 75.5, and 79.6, respectively. N-Nitrosamines in the organ extracts were converted to their corresponding N-nitramine analogs by pertrifluoroacetic acid oxidation. These derivatives were purified by adsorption chromatography on basic alumina and then analyzed by ECD. N-Nitrosamines were analyzed without derivatization in the organ extracts with the TEA detector. The described method did not cause artifactual formation of N-nitrosomethyl-N-butylamine (NMBA) when methyl-N-butylamine was used as an internal marker of nitrosation. NDMA was found in all the organs examined, whereas NDPA was only detected in the liver of one in four subjects. NDMA was found in all brain samples, indicating that it crosses the blood-brain barrier.

Aged↗