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Biomedical subjects

S Evans

Publications and source records attributed to S Evans.

393 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal learning needs during labor and delivery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the learning needs of mothers are met by nurses during labor. DESIGN: Descriptive survey with a longitudinal time frame. SETTING: Two hospitals in a midsized Canadian city. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-seven women in their last month of pregnancy, selected at random from 276 eligible women referred by physicians. Final sample for analysis was 40. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data described patients, their expected learning needs before delivery, the teaching they received, and factors related to the experience. RESULTS: The majority of subjects wanted teaching in labor and reported that teaching was helpful, but that conflicts in teaching and differing expectations of staff were upsetting. Mothers' expectations and the teaching they received were congruent for some topics and incongruent for others. CONCLUSION: Results suggest a need for assessment of learning needs of women in labor, consistency among caregivers, and further study with a larger sample.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Death rates of characters in soap operas on British television: is a government health warning required?

OBJECTIVE: To measure mortality among characters in British soap operas on television. DESIGN: Cohort analysis of deaths in EastEnders and Coronation Street, supplemented by an analysis of deaths in Brookside and Emmerdale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardised mortality ratios and the proportional mortality ratio for deaths attributable to external causes (E code of ICD-9 (international classification of diseases, ninth revision). RESULTS: Staying alive in a television soap opera is not easy. Standardised mortality ratios for characters were among the highest for any occupation yet described (771 (95% confidence interval 415 to 1127) for characters in EastEnders), and this was not just because all causes of death were overrepresented. Deaths in soap operas were almost three times more likely to be from violent causes than would be expected from a character's age and sex. A character in EastEnders was twice as likely as a similar character in Coronation Street to die during an episode. CONCLUSIONS: The most dangerous job in the United Kingdom is not, as expected, bomb disposal expert, steeplejack, or Formula One racing driver but having a role in one of the United Kingdom's most well known soap operas. This is the first quantitative estimate of the size of the pinch of salt which should be taken when watching soap operas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of depressive symptoms in elderly primary care attenders.

408 elderly primary care attenders were screened using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). 36% were identified as 'cases' on the GDS and 32% on the GHQ. The 'cases' and a random sample of 'non-cases' were interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State Examination (GMS), the Bedford College Life Events and Difficulties Interview (LEDS), the National Adult Reading Test (NART), and systematic inquiry concerning physical health. Sensitivity and specificity of the GDS were 85% and 68%, and of the GHQ 77% and 67%. General practitioner identification of cases showed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 60% against the GMS. Depression was significantly associated with life events, chronic difficulties, poor physical health and current lack of a confiding relationship. Subjective complaints of depression were associated with low premorbid intelligence and lifelong lack of a confiding relationship. The availability of a confiding relationship appears to have a protective effect against depressive illness associated with life events and chronic difficulties.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anxiety syndromes and symptoms among men with AIDS: a longitudinal controlled study.

This 2-year longitudinal study assessed prevalence of Axis I anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms and their relationship to manifestations of HIV illness in a sample of nonintravenous drug users. The sample included 173 homosexual men with HIV or AIDS (HIV+/AIDS) and 84 homosexual men negative for HIV or AIDS (HIV-). Data were compared with national prevalence rates to provide a framework for interpretation. No significant differences were observed. However, compared with the general population, both HIV+/AIDS and HIV- men reported more anxiety symptoms and stress. For the HIV+/AIDS group there was a positive relationship between anxiety and HIV symptoms, fatigue, and physical limitations. No changes in rates or levels of anxiety were observed in those whose immunologic markers improved or worsened over the 2 years.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A marketing plan for health care in the financial district of San Francisco.

The development of a corporate health marketing program for the Medical Pavilion was based on three assumptions. 1. Medical Pavilion will contribute positively to health care cost containment for employers by providing convenient, quality medical care which will help to reduce employee time lost from work due to physician visits, and through health screening, early diagnosis, and out-patient procedures, decrease unnecessary hospitalization. 2. The level of awareness among chief executive officers, benefits directors, corporate medical directors, and employees will be positively related to utilization of health services at the Medical Pavilion. 3. The Medical Pavilion will be organized on a private practice model; although special programs related to employer coverage and specific benefits may be considered separately. The recommended goals of the corporate health program of the Medical Pavilion were as follows: 1. To develop demographic profiles based on current utilization of medical services in a random sample to corporations in the Financial District. 2. To design a survey of corporate leadership to determine a needs assessment strategy for the development of preventive health services programs to be offered at the Medical Pavilion. 3. To select an advertising and public relations agency; and determine the marketing bridges, for the first year and the following five year period. 4. To evaluate effectiveness of the corporate health marketing plan referral data collected through the Management Information System to be established at the Medical Pavilion.

California↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and nasal irrigation fluid findings in perennial allergic rhinitis.

Ten patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and 10 healthy subjects were studied to determine most discriminative nasal irrigation fluid marker(s) and to compare samples that were collected at baseline and over a 1-hour period, every 15 minutes. The latter were pooled and designated 1-hour sample. In the nasal irrigation we investigated the following inflammatory cells and soluble mediators: eosinophils, neutrophils, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, ECP, EPX, MPO, leukotriene C4, leukotriene B4, prostaglandin E2, tryptase and fibrinogen. Patients with PAR were then treated for 2 weeks with the topical nasal steroid. The only marker that discriminated patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and healthy subjects was eosinophil count (EO%): correspondingly 14.01 +/- 5.8 and 0.18 +/- 0.09, (M +/- SD). Difference between the studied groups did not depend on the time of irrigation, baseline or 1-hour. EO% was also the only marker of a clinically successful treatment with the nasal steroid, 14.01 +/- 5.8 and 0.87 +/- 0.4, before and after treatment respectively. We conclude that EO% is the most sensitive inflammatory marker of perennial allergic rhinitis, and that baseline nasal irrigation can be used to study nasal mucosal inflammation.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Defining medical information sciences: a health care science for the future.

There exists a field; there are already researchers committed and busily at work; and there are meetings, journals, and organizations. Principal researchers in the field and those willing to lend their support should renew their efforts at crystallizing the identity of the field. In reviewing the nature of the field, there is a reasonable definition possible that is responsive to three fundamental constituents related to health care: the setting in which the care is provided, the patient to whom it is provided, and the health care professional by whom it is provided. Using these areas, we get a natural division of the field that is also historically and intuitively appealing. Using these divisions, research issues can be identified since information processing activities in the three categories become the areas to investigate. Instruction needs are similarly implied since one should have some understanding of each of these areas as part of a total health care science. In addition, understanding of the major information processing methodologies, combined with broad topics about the milieu appropriate for the professional, comprises a suitable graduate programme of study. By whatever title, the time is ripe to move forward on the enterprise to advance medical information science by self-identification and common support.

Computers↗
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Providing support for qualified nurses.

In this article, the authors examine workforce issues in nursing. From their discussion, they recommend that qualified nurses should sanction the further training of support workers to enable them to spend more time in direct patient care.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Positive Appearance Center: an innovative concept in comprehensive psychosocial cancer care.

Every year, more than one million people are diagnosed with cancer in the United States. Many of the treatments for cancer cause temporary or permanent physical changes that, along with the diagnosis, may lead to altered body image and diminished self-esteem in patients with cancer. The Positive Appearance Center was developed to help male and female patients with cancer deal with the cosmetic side effects and comfort needs related to their diagnosis and treatment. The Positive Appearance Center is part of a larger psychosocial program located in a comprehensive cancer center and is open to the public. Feedback from patients has been positive. Patients have cited the products and services provided by the center as major factors helping them cope with the physical and emotional aspects of their cancer.

Body Image↗