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Biomedical subjects

S Erill

Publications and source records attributed to S Erill.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Chloramphenicol-containing drugs. A report from Spain.

The composition of 185 Spanish compounds containing chloramphenicol, along with the information supplied in ther package inserts, were studied. Only 11 of these compounds contained chloramphenicol alone, this antibiotic being associated with other chemotherapeutic agents and/or other drugs in the remainder. Indications listed in the leaflet largely went beyond the limits of the medically established uses of chloramphenicol, and information concerning side effects, contraindications, or precautions was scanty and in some instances even confusing. A change in the availability of drug combinations containing chloramphenicol and an improvement of the information accompanying them is urged.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma protein binding of etomidate in patients with renal failure or hepatic cirrhosis.

The influence of renal failure and of hepatic cirrhosis on the plasma protein binding of etomidate, an intravenous anaesthetic agent of basic nature, has been investigated. The percentage of free etomidate in plasma containing 1 microgram/ml was markedly increased in patients with renal failure and in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, when compared with a group of healthy volunteers (43.4 +/- 2.9% and 44.2 +/- 2.1 versus 24.9 +/- 1.4%). This decrease in binding correlated inversely with serum albumin levels in both conditions (r = -0.88 and r = 0.72, respectively) but a slight decrease in the amount bound per mole of albumin was also apparent in both types of disease.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum protein binding of tolbutamide in patients treated with antiepileptic drugs.

The possible development of a displacement interaction involving tolbutamide, in epileptic patients, has been explored by studying the serum protein binding of this drug in vitro in 199 samples of sera from patients treated with antiepileptic agents included in a programme of therapeutic drug monitoring. 82 of the samples were from patients receiving a single drug, 86 from patients treated with 2 drugs, and 31 from patients treated with 3 drugs. The free fraction of tolbutamide was higher in serum from patients treated with antiepileptic drugs than in serum from untreated 'normal' volunteers. The increase was more marked the greater the number of antiepileptic drugs administered. Valproate appeared to be the most powerful displacing agent.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between changes in seromucoid concentrations and the rate of oxidation or acetylation of several substrates.

This study was carried out to assess the relationship between turpentine-induced elevation of seromucoids and drug metabolism. Six groups of rats were used; one of them received 1 ml of turpentine sc, another received 1 ml of turpentine by gavage (po), and a third group received, ip, 80 mg/kg of phenobarbital daily for 3 days. Three control groups received saline instead of turpentine. Forty-eight hr later, the serum seromucoids were assayed and the rates of N-demethylation of aminopyrine, O-dealkylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin, and hydroxylation of aniline and total cytochrome were determined in liver microsomes. When turpentine was administered sc, seromucoids increased from 3.15 +/- 0.18 to 16.13 +/- 0.84 g/dl (mean +/- SE) (p less than 0.01), but the rates of N-demethylation (p less than 0.01), of O-dealkylation (p less than 0.01) and of hydroxylation (p less than 0.05) were all decreased. In the rats receiving turpentine po, seromucoids remained unchanged, but the rates of N-demethylation and O-dealkylation as well as the concentration of total cytochrome increased (p less than 0.01). Phenobarbital enhanced significantly the rates of N-demethylation, O-dealkylation, and hydroxylation and the total concentration of cytochrome, without modifying the concentration of seromucoids. In another set of experiments we assessed whether turpentine-induced inflammation would affect the in vivo rate of acetylation of sulfamethazine; the results show that inflammation does not affect the rate of acetylation, despite an important increase in seromucoids. It is concluded that, under the present experimental conditions, there is no direct relationship between changes in seromucoids and the rate of drug metabolism.

Acetylation↗