Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Endo.
Two patients with chylothorax after pulmonary resection for lung cancer were successfully treated without thoracotomy by injection of fibrin glue components into the pleural cavity. This new technique for closing the chylous leak is described.
A case of intracavernous aneurysm secondary to septic cavernous sinus thrombosis demonstrating sequential dynamic angiographic changes is reported. Serial angiograms of a 32-year-old man with septic cavernous sinus infection revealed a normal study, stenosis, recovery of stenosis, and aneurysmal formation. Superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis and internal carotid artery ligation were performed because of progressive ophthalmoplegia. Neurological deficit rapidly disappeared. Anigiographic changes and surgical treatment of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis are discussed.
A 70-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of severe dizziness and occipital headache. A right vertebral angiogram demonstrated a kinked, duplicated origin of the vertebral artery. Medical treatment was not effective, and an operative correction was attempted to improve the vertebral artery circulatory flow. The duplicate origin of the vertebral artery was confirmed at the time of surgery. Eight cases of duplicate origin of the vertebral artery in the literature are reviewed.
By HPLC analysis, neuronal and glial cells cultured from rat fetal brain and their membrane preparations were shown to degrade substance P (SP) added exogenously. The degradation by neuronal cells and their membranes resulted in marked accumulation of SP fragments (1-4) and (1-6), and the accumulation, as well as the initial cleavage of SP, was strongly inhibited by metal chelators but not by phosphoramidon and captopril. Proposed cleavage sites by neuronal cells were almost identical to those by a substance P-degrading endopeptidase previously purified from rat brain by us (J. Biochem. 104: 999-1006 (1988)). On the other hand, the action of glial cells and their membranes on SP produced the fragments (1-6), (1-4), (10-11) and (8-9) in high amounts. The production, as well as the initial cleavage of SP, was inhibited not only by metal chelators and p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid but also by phosphoramidon. Proposed cleavage sites by glial cells were almost identical to those attacked by endopeptidase-24.11. Thus, the proteases that degrade SP in neuronal cells and glial cells seem different.
C6 of rat glioma cells and their plasma membranes degrade substance P (SP). The degradation, occurring mainly through the cleavage of the Gln6-Phe7, Phe7-Phe8, and Gly9-Leu10 bonds, was strongly inhibited by phosphoramidon. Endopeptidase-24.11 (EC 3.4.24.11) purified from C6 cell membranes also cleaved SP at the same three peptide bonds in a manner sensitive to phosphoramidon. Thus, the degradation of SP by glioma cells and their membranes seems to be mediated by the action of endopeptidase-24.11.
Twelve patients with advanced or relapsed head and neck adenocarcinoma received a combination chemotherapy regimen of either cyclophosphamide (C), tetrahydropyranyl-adriamycin (T), and cis-platinum (P) (CTP) or cyclophosphamide, adriamycin (A), and cis-platinum (CAP). Cyclophosphamide (300 mg/sq m), either etrahydropyranyl-adriamycin (30 mg/sq m) or adriamycin (30 mg/sq m), and cis-platinum (50 mg/sq m) were administered intravenously in a single day. Nine patients received the CTP regimen, and three patients, the CAP regimen. Prior to chemotherapy, five patients had received surgery or radiation therapy, and the other seven patients received no special treatment. A response rate 75% was achieved (9/12); there were 7 complete responses, whose duration was a mean 6.8 months, ranging from 2 to 18 months, and 2 partial responses, whose duration was 2 months. Virtually all patients experienced nausea and vomiting. Alopecia developed in 7 patients; however, the patients with the CTP regimen experienced less alopecia, if any. Leucopenia and anemia of either a slight or moderate degree were observed, but there was no patient for whom it was necessary to discontinue the treatment. Both CTP and CAP regimens appear to be of significant value in controlling head and neck adenocarcinoma.
The highly dissociable alpha 3 beta 3 subunit complex (Mr = 319,582) of thermophilic ATP synthase was crystallized on a mercury surface under oxygen. The two-dimensional crystal was compared with that of TF1 (Mr = 385,351, alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon subunit complex) by means of computer image processing. The crystals showed the same hexagonal lattice (a = b = 10 nm), despite the difference in their molecular weights. The color images of the two protein molecules were also hexagonal. However, there was an open hole in the image of the alpha 3 beta 3 complex, where small subunits (gamma, delta, and epsilon) of TF1 may have been located. The structure of this heterohexamer is consistent with that deduced from other physical parameters.
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The QRS axis was measured in 24 patients during ergonovine malate provocation test (EM test). Of 12 patients with significant spasm of the right coronary artery (RCA) and/or left circumflex artery (LCX), the QRS axis shifted to the right in 7 patients after the EM test (mean 8.2 degrees), and the axis shifted back to the left in 9 patients after nitroglycerin administration (mean -9.1 degrees). The sensitivity of right axis shift for RCA and LCX spasm was 58% and the specificity was 80%. Thus, right axis shift seems to be associated with myocardial ischemia due to RCA and LCX spasm and to be useful for the detection of RCA and/or LCX spasms.
Monoclonal antibodies reactive to a high molecular weight protein in MDBK cells were prepared and used to localize this protein in cultured cells. An insoluble fraction of MDBK cells after extraction with Triton X-100 was used as an immunogen and an immunofluorescent cell staining method was used to screen hybridoma cells. Three mAbs recognized a protein having nearly the same mobility as that of the microtubule-associated protein 2 in SDS-PAGE but no immunological reactivity of bovine microtubule proteins to these mAbs distinguished these proteins. Immunoblotting and cell staining experiments showed its presence in the intermediate filament-nuclear matrix fraction. Double staining experiments of cells using these mAbs and antibody against vimentin cleared the association of this protein with vimentin filaments. Results of immunoelectron microscopy confirmed its localization on the intermediate filaments.
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The Peltier stack, which allows quantitative measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by means of thermal diffusion, has a probe too large for use in small animals. However, it is difficult to measure CBF by a thermal diffusion method involving the use of a constantan heating wire, because of heat conduction between the two gold plates. The authors developed a new thermal diffusion flow probe, using a constantan wire as a heat source rather than the Peltier stack. With the new probe, separation of the gold plates and attachment of a pair of long thermocouples minimize heat conduction between the two plates. Moreover, the probe itself is considerably smaller than that of the Peltier stack. The new probe was inserted to the subdural space of rabbits and the voltage (V; mV) was measured with an amplifier by the circuit of constant current method. CBF (F; ml/100 g/min) was measured simultaneously by the hydrogen clearance method in the adjacent cortex. A regression equation of F = 29, 111 (1/V-1/226) was obtained between 35 pairs of F and V (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001), which verified that CBF can be accurately measured with the new probe.
A 72-year-old male hospitalized for disturbance of consciousness and vomiting was found to have a left vertebral artery fenestration and a left posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was successfully clipped through the lateral suboccipital approach and he recovered with minimal deficits. The association of vertebral artery fenestration and posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm is rare, and their etiologies and relationship are discussed.
Two cases of multiple dural arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) in different locations are reported. One patient was diagnosed as having a dural AVM involving the right cavernous sinus that disappeared spontaneously 4 months after onset of symptoms. After an interval of 4 months, another dural AVM appeared involving the right lateral sinuses (transverse and sigmoid sinuses) with occlusion of the right sigmoid sinus. In the other patient, multiple dural AVM's were demonstrated on angiography, one involving the cavernous sinus and the other the left lateral sinus. The frequency of multiple occurrence and possible mechanisms of sinus occlusion are discussed.
Medullary venous malformation (MVM) has been considered to have normal circulation time and normal arterial phase in angiograms. But recently some authors stressed that some of the patients with MVM have early filling vessels. A case of MVM with marked early venous filling is presented.
Preoperative examination using chest computed tomography (CT) of cases with pleural dissemination and no pleural effusion revealed small disseminated nodules of the visceral pleura. However, chest CT could not exactly diagnose those of the parietal pleura. The indications of operation, especially pan-pleuropneumonectomy, for cases with pleural dissemination should be limited to the following cases; those in which no pleural effusion and no metastasis to the mediastinal lymphnodes has been clinically proved and in which it is not necessary to perform extensive combined resection other than pan-pleurectomy and partial resection of the diaphragm and/or pericardium. Well differentiated histological types of lung cancer are better indications for surgical treatment.
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