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Biomedical subjects

S Endo

Publications and source records attributed to S Endo.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Nitrite/nitrate (NOX) and type II phospholipase A2, leukotriene B4, and platelet-activating factor levels in patients with septic shock.

We measured serum concentrations of nitrite/nitrate (NOX), type II phospholipase A2 (PLA2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) in patients with sepsis. These findings were compared between patients with and without septic shock. Serum concentrations of NOX, type II PLA2, LTB4, and PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) were significantly higher in the group with septic shock (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0060; P = 0.0052; P = 0.0052), indicating the severity of the disease. There were significant correlations between the serum NOX level and serum levels of type II PLA2, LTB4, and PAF-AH (r = 0.6890, P < 0.0001; r = 0.3755, P = 0.0409; r = 0.5095, P = 0.0040, respectively). It is speculated that LTB4 and PAF, both produced with type II PLA2, interact with each other and are involved in the deterioration of pathologic features associated with sepsis. Furthermore, nitric oxide (NO) and eicosanoids interact to play an important role in vascular dilatation during septic shock.

1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase↗
PubMed1996

Nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and sFas antigen levels in patients with multiple organ failure.

We assessed the plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and soluble Fas antigen (sFas) in patients with multiple organ failure (MOF). The NOx levels showed high levels in MOF patients with sepsis and without infection. A significant difference was not seen between the MOF patients complicated by sepsis and uncomplicated by infection, although the NOx levels in the former group tended to be higher. There was a significant correlation between NOx levels and sFas levels in MOF patients. Both sFas and NOx levels were high during MOF, and rapidly decreased when MOF was relieved. These findings suggest that sFas and NOx contribute to the development of MOF.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Quantitative EEG characteristics of the state of depressive phase and the state of remission in major depression].

We conducted a comparative study by using quantitative EEG analysis to clarify quantitative characteristics and possible markers of major depression. The subjects included 27 patients with major depression with melancholic features (DSM-III-R) (hereafter referred to as depressed group), 21 patients in the state of remission (hereafter referred to as remission group) and 17 subjects with no psychiatric disorder (hereafter referred to as control group). All participants were right-handed. All depressed group patients received medication treatment and all remission group patients had maintenance antidepressant medication. EEGs were recorded from the 16 electrode sites of the international 10-20 system while the subjects were at rest with their eyes closed. Artifacts rejected EEGs which were obtained from the bilateral frontal (F3, F4) and parietal (P3, P4) regions were analyzed on off-line with Fast Fourier Transform. The mean values of absolute amplitude power were calculated for 180 seconds (90 segments x 2 seconds), and derived for the following frequent bands: theta 1 (4.0-6.0 Hz), theta 2 (6.0-8.0 Hz), alpha 1 (8.0-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13.0 Hz), beta 1 (13.0-20.0 Hz) and beta 2 (20.0-40.0 Hz). Based on these values, the following parameters were calculated: F-Index "((F4-F3)/(F4+F3)) x 100" indicating relative predominance of the right side in the frontal region, P-Index "((P4-P3)/(P4+P3)) x 100" indicating relative predominance of the right side in the parietal region, and Left or Right PF-Index "((P-F)/(P+F) x 100" indicating relative predominance of parietal region to the frontal region on the left or right hemisphere. Compared with the control group, the remission group showed less theta 1 and alpha 2 power in the bilateral frontal regions and less right predominance in alpha 1 power in the parietal regions. Compared with the depressed group, the remission group showed less theta power in the bilateral frontal regions. Compared with the control group, both the depressed and remission groups showed higher beta 2 power in the bilateral frontal regions. These results may be considered as a trait dependent phenomena of major depression, although the effects of age and medications may affect these results. Both the depressed group and the remission group showed the parietal predominance in alpha 1 power in the left hemisphere. These results also may be considered as a trait dependent phenomena of major depression. For the next analysis, we calculated Left or Right PF-Index from the mean absolute amplitude power in the alpha 1 band. The indices were then plotted on a coordinates with Left PF-Index as the X axis and Right PF-Index as the Y axis. On the PF-Index coordinates, 93% of the depressed group patients and 86% of the remission group patients were plotted in the same areas. These areas which show their predominance of parietal to frontal are lower in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere, and the location of these areas on the coordinates were different from that of the control group. These results are consistent with our previous studies of depressed patients without receiving medication treatment. Our findings show the deviation of the inter and intra-hemispheric relationships is present not only in the state of depressed phase but also in the state of remission. Therefore, the inter- and intra-hemispheric relationships, depicted on the PF-Index coordinates, could be used as a trait marker of a major depressive disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Anticoagulant therapy and obstetric management in a pregnant patient with mechanical prosthetic valve].

A 30-year-old female whose mitral valve had been replaced with a mechanical prosthetic valve 23 years ago gave birth to a healthy baby by cesarian section under controlled anticoagulant therapy. Warfarin was replaced with intravenous heparin just one week before cesarian section and heparin administration was stopped several hours prior to the operation which was successfully carried out without excessive blood loss. Although warfarin carries a risk of teratogenecity, fortunately, the baby had not any somatic malformation. We believe that pregnancy is not contraindicated in patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valves, however, a strict observation of the cardiac function during middle and late trimesters of gestation by echocardiography and planned anticoagulant therapy are necessary in order to prevent maternal congestive heart failure and thromboembolism and protect a neonate against intracranial hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Changes in adhesion molecule levels in sepsis.

We measured the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), CD11a, CD11b, CD18, endotoxin, and various inflammatory cytokines to clarify the relationship between adhesive molecules and cytokines in sepsis. We studied 21 patients with sepsis (sepsis group) and 13 patients with trauma not complicated by infection (trauma group). The mean sICAM-1 level was significantly higher in the sepsis group than in the trauma group. No significant difference was observed in the CD11a, CD11b, and CD18 levels between the two groups. The sICAM-1 levels significantly correlated with the levels of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-8, but CD11a, CD11b, and CD18 levels did not correlate with endotoxin or cytokine levels. These findings suggest that ICAM-1 production is induced by endotoxins and cytokines produced in excess by inflammatory reactions and that endotoxins and cytokines are involved in qualitative, but not quantitative changes in LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Nitrite/nitrate oxide (NOx) and cytokine levels in patients with septic shock.

To investigate the involvement of nitrite/nitrate oxide (NOx) in septic shock, and to evaluate the relationships between NOx and cytokines in patients with this disorder, we evaluated 11 patients with septic shock and 12 patients with sepsis unassociated with shock. NOx were measured with an automated system based on the Griess reaction. The plasma concentrations of various cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Endotoxin was determined by a specific assay after the plasma samples were processed by a perchloric acid method. The mean plasma levels of NOx in the group with shock significantly exceeded those in the group without shock. Significant correlations were observed between the plasma levels of NOx and those of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 8 in both groups. NOx appeared to be involved in the development of septic shock in humans. Endotoxin and cytokines appeared to be involved in the production of NOx.

Cytokines↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin 11 levels in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation.

We assessed the blood interleukin 11 (IL-11) levels in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The IL-11 level exceeded the detection limit, i.e., IL-11 was positive, in 14 of the 21 patients in the group with DIC complicated by sepsis, with a mean value of 20.4 pg/ml. In the group with DIC uncomplicated by infection, IL-11 levels were above the detection limit in 8 of the 17 patients, and the average level was 10.6 pg/ml. The difference between the IL-11-positive rate in the two groups was not significant. Although IL-11 levels tended to be higher in the group with sepsis as a complication, the difference was not significant. The elevated IL-11 levels observed in patients with DIC, with or without complication by infection, seem quite appropriate as a biological response to increased platelets.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The study of the relationship between serum eosinophil cationic protein and bronchial responsiveness in the patients with bronchial asthma].

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) has been expected as an index of eosinophilic inflammation in bronchial asthma. However, there are many questions about the clinical meaning of the serum ECP, yet. To examine that problem, we measured serum ECP levels in healthy subjects and the asthmatics patients, with and without attack. We also studied the relationship between bronchial responsiveness and serum ECP levels in the asthmatics patients without attack. Patients taking any steroids (including inhaled steroid), anti-allergic agents or cigarettes were excluded. The highest levels of ECP were found in serum sampled from the patients with asthma attack. The levels of the patients without attack were lower, and the levels of the healthy subjects were the lowest of all. To study the relationship between serum ECP and bronchial responsiveness in the asthmatics patients, who had not an asthma attack for at least one week, serum was sampled and simultaneously bronchial responsiveness (Dmin) was measured by Astograph. The serum ECP levels correlated negatively with Dmin, a threshold-type index of bronchial responsiveness (r = -0.569, p < 0.01). These data indicate that between attacks of bronchial asthma, bronchial responsiveness is related to the levels of serum ECP, and that during attacks the level of serum ECP increases further. They also suggest that abnormally high levels of serum ECP are associated with a preattack state in patients with bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Plasma levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and severity of illness in patients with burns.

The present study was conducted to determine whether a plasma interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) would reflect the severity of burn injury and to examine the relation between IL-1ra and the cytokines. We studied 24 burn patients in whom the total burn surface area (TBSA) accounted for at least 20% of the body surface, and in whom serial blood samples could be obtained beginning immediately after the burn injury. Plasma levels of IL-1ra were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and IL-8 were also determined by ELISA. Endotoxin was measured by an endotoxin-specific synthetic substrate method. There was a significant correlation between the plasma levels of IL-1ra and TBSA during the first week following burn injury. The IL-1ra level was the highest immediately after the burn injury. The level decreased markedly thereafter, and again rose when infection occurred. The IL-1ra level was extraordinarily elevated in patients who developed concomitant sepsis, septic shock or the septic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The IL-1ra level on admission and the maximum IL-1ra level during the observation period were significantly higher in the patients who eventually died than in the survivors. There was a significant correlation between the level of IL-1ra and that of TNF-alpha, IL-6 or IL-8 during the observation period. No correlation was found between IL-1ra and endotoxin. The plasma IL-1ra level was closely correlated with the severity of inflammation and the clinical status of the burn patients, regardless of the infection. Results suggest that IL-1ra can serve as an index of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Cytokines in surgical stress].

The systemic inflammatory response is seen in association with various clinical conditions. Tumor necrosis factor, or other cytokines play an important role in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A frequent complication of SIRS is the development of organ system dysfunction, such as ARDS, DIC, renal failure, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction. Inflammatory cytokines become a trigger for the production of phospholipase A2, eicosnoids, NO, endothelin-1, thrombomodulin, polymorphonuclear leukocyte, and adhesion molecules. These mediators cause complex pathophysiologic condition in SIRS. In this study, we discuss a role of cytokines in surgical stress, hemorrhagic shock, burns, and septic shock.

Burns↗
PubMed1996

[Emergency myectomy in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy complicated with left heart failure and cardiac arrest].

Major cause of death in HOCM is sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias, and only 10% of the death is caused by congestive heart failure. We report a 38-year-old woman of HOCM complicated with lung edema and cardiac arrest due to acute left heart failure. Intraventricular pressure gradient showed 125 mmHg in previous study, and echocardiogram demonstrated evidences suggestive of terminal-staged HOCM. After unsuccessful attempts of intravenous propranolol administration, emergency myectomy of left ventricular outflow tract was carried out. Postoperative course was uneventful, and intraventricular pressure gradient was relieved. The patient is now asymptomatic without medication after 1 years of operation. This case suggests that emergency myectomy may be a choice to relieve refractory congestive heart failure in patient with HOCM.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Functional modification of vascular endothelial cells by cytokines during septic shock.

The function of vascular endothelial cells is to adjust blood vessel tonus, which contributes to maintaining homeostasis within blood vessels. However, inflammatory cytokines are produced in response to invasion by stimulating vascular endothelial cells and sometimes lead to shock or multiple organ failure. In the present study, we assessed cytokines in sepsis and septic shock, and various factors that are said to have a damaging effect on vascular endothelium. Endotoxin was measured by endotoxin-specific methods. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Endothelin-I was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Nitric oxide was measured as metabolites of nitrite and nitrate oxides (NOx) by a method based on the Griess method. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF 1 alpha) were both measured by RIA. All of the factors except endotoxin were significantly higher in the septic shock group than in the non-shock group and significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group. Significant correlations were also found between endothelin-1 and NOx and between TXB2 and PG1 alpha. Significant correlations were also found between TNF-alpha and IL-6, endothelin-1, NOx and TXB2, but no significant correlations were detected between any of them and endotoxin. In serious diseases such as septic shock, the vascular endothelial constricting factors, endothelin and TXB2, and the blood vessel relaxing factors NOx and PGF1 alpha increase almost simultaneously. This suggests that the body's regulating mechanisms are disrupted in these serious conditions. The results of this study also suggest that inflammatory cytokines may be involved in stimulating the production of these factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist in asthma therapy].

Lung tissues produce a large amount of Thromboxane (Tx) A2. In addition to platelet aggregation and artery smooth muscle contraction, TxA2 strongly induces airway smooth muscle contraction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Not only TxA2, but many arachidonate cyclooxygenase metabolites such as PGD2, PGF2 alpha, PGH2, and others stimulate TP (PGH2/TxA2) receptor and can take a pathophysiological role for bronchial asthma. Several compounds competitively antagonizing TP receptor have been developed and being proved to have beneficial effects for treating of bronchial asthma in clinical. In this review the efficacy and usage of TP receptor antagonists for bronchial asthma was discussed.

Asthma↗
PubMed1996

[Intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery].

A case with intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery was reported. A 36-year-old male, known to have hypertension, developed somnolence and paresis of the left leg while skiing. There was no evidence of trauma. A plain head CT on admission revealed a high density in the right frontoparietal lobe. Three days after the admission CT revealed low density in the area supplied by the right anterior cerebral artery. An angiogram disclosed a double lumen, suggesting a pathognomonic sign of dissecting aneurysm at the A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery. In the literature, 18 cases of dissecting aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery were reported including this case. Eleven of the 17 cases were idiopathic, and 8 of the 11 cases had hypertension. We briefly discussed the relationship between the etiology of dissecting aneurysm and hypertension. Cerebral dissecting aneurysm is rare cause of intracerebral hemorrhage. It should be considered in diagnosis when young individuals develop intracerebral hemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Clinical analysis of malignant lymphomas of tonsils.

Data of 38 patients with primary tonsil lymphoma, treated during the past 14 years was analysed. All cases were non-Hodgkin lymphomas. There were 11 patients with Stage 1, 14 with Stage II, 8 with Stage III, and 4 with Stage IV tonsillar lymphomas. The applied chemotherapies were CHOP or MACOP-B regimen. The overall 5-year survival rate was 64.4%. Further analysis of the intermediate grade group showed that 5-year survival rates were 72.7%) for patients younger than 60 years old, in contrast to 35.0% for patients aged 60 or older (p 0.0049). Five-year survival rates were 100%) for Stage I, 32.4% for Stage II, 55.6% for Stage III, and 100%) for Stage IV patients (p = 0.0878). In patients with Stage II tonsillar lymphomas, 5-year survival rates were below 100% for CHOP regimen, 100% for MACOP-B regimen, 66.7% for radiation alone, and 0% for radiation followed by chemotherapy (p = 0.1966). In patients with Stage III tonsillar lymphomas, 5-year survival rates were below 100% for MACOP-B regimen, and 0% for initial radiation followed by chemotherapy (p = 0.2568). The factors influencing survival were age, stage, and treatment modality. For Stage I patients without bulky mass, radiation therapy is sufficient. For Stage II patients or Stage I patients with a bulky mass, CHOP regimen (followed by radiation) is the choice of treatment. For Stage III or IV patients,, MACOP-B regimen is promising.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery--surgeons' view].

We reviewed 48 cases of pulmonary nodules in which video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was done at Jichi Medical School Hospital from 1992 through 1995. The pulmonary nodules comprised 14 malignant tumors (9 lung cancers and 5 pulmonary metastases), 10 benign tumors (7 hamartomas, 2 localized mesotheliomas and 1 tumorlet), 19 granulomas (8 inactive infectious tumors, 7 active infectious tumors, and 4 granulomas as sequelae of other diseases), 4 intrapulmonary lymph nodes, and 1 pulmonary cyst. Conventional operations for lung cancer were done in 7 cases, and 6 were found to be ST-I. Tumor resection by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery allowed diagnosis of rare diseases and treatment of benign lung tumors and of lung metastases. We conclude this procedure is very useful for diagnosis and treatment of indeterminate pulmonary nodules.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Comparative study on the conformation of phalloidin, viroisin, and related derivatives in aqueous solution.

We investigated the conformations of toxic phalloidin and viroisin in aqueous solution using 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with molecular modeling. The conformations of two non-toxic phalloidin derivatives, secophalloidin and dethiophalloidin, were also correspondingly studied for comparison purposes. Results indicate that the non-toxic peptides have a multiple conformation, whereas the toxic peptides are comprised of a rigid molecule. It was found that the conformation of phalloidin partially resembles that of viroisin in the region of Cys3-Pro4-Ala5-Trp6, being different from that of the non-toxic peptides; thereby suggesting this region plays an important role leading to their toxicity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗