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Biomedical subjects

S Einarsson

Publications and source records attributed to S Einarsson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Alkaline phosphatase activity of epididymal contents in boars with normal or reduced spermatogenesis.

The alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in testicular fluid and in epididymal plasma from caput and cauda epididymidis in boars with normal sperm production and in boars in which the number of spermatozoa passing from the testis to the epididymidis was reduced. The testicular fluid and the epididymal plasma from caput epididymidis contained low amounts of alkaline phosphatase in comparison with epididymal plasma from the cauda. This applies to both groups of boars e.g. boars with normal as well as with totally lacking or lowered sperm production. As no fluid resorption takes place between caput and cauda the distal part of the epididymidis must be the main production site for alkaline phosphatase. The production there is not related to the presence of spermatozoa in the duct. In the caput, on the other hand, it seems that the level of alkaline phosphatase in some way is influenced by the sperm supply to the duct.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Sequential changes of estrogens and progesterone at prostaglandin-induced parturition in the sow.

Parenteral administration of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) is efficient in inducing parturition in late pregnant swine. The purpose in the present study was to investigate the sequential changes of progesterone and estrogens at prostaglandin-induced parturition in the sow. Six of 7 sows (86%) treated once intramuscularly with 12.5 mg of PGF2alpha on days 110, 111, 112, or 113 of pregnancy farrowed within 39 hours after the injection. One PGF2alpha-treated sow and 2 sows given placebo injections on days 110 and 111 of pregnancy farrowed 90 to 130 hours later. The injection of PGF2alpha decreased the peripheral plasma concentration of progesterone in a manner similar to that observed immediately prepartum in normally farrowing sows. Estrogen patterns were similar in PGF2alpha-treated and control sows.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Fertility and post-thawing characteristics of deep frozen boar spermatozoa.

Eight-nine gilts were inseminated with deep frozen boar spermatozoa thawed in seminal plasma, filtrate of seminal plasma, skimmed milk and isotonic glucose solution. The most favourable fertility results were obtained when seminal plasma was used as thawing diluent. It was shown that a relationship exists between the post thawing acrosome morphology, the post thawing GOT-release and the fertility of frozen spermatozoa.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1975

Prostaglandin induced parturition in swine with some aspects on prevention of the MMA (metritis, mastitis, agalactia) syndrome.

The effect of PGF2alpha to induce parturition in sows was studied in two herds. In one herd with a total number of 150 sows and with a good health status 12 sows were injected intramuscularly with 12.5 mg PGF2alpha during late pregnancy (110--114 days). During the same period 12 sows were treated intramuscularly with saline solution at corresponding gestation stage. The results are given in Tables I and II. The mean age calculated as number of litters was 2.6 in the experimental group and 4.3 in the control group. All sows treated with PGF2alpha farrowed within 30 hours after injection at an average time of 25.4 hours. The controls farrowed at an average 80.2 hours after injection. The mean farrowing time was 4.4 hours for the PG-treated sows while the corresponding figure for the controls was 6.6 hours. The litter size at birth, after 3 weeks and at weaning was somewhat higher in the experimental group. The same applies to the litter weight at the age of 3 weeks. The course of parturition was normal in all sows and the health condition during lactation was good. In another herd -- numbering 18 sows -- all sows which hade farrowed during the last 4 months before the present investigation, had developed the Mastitis-Metritis-Agalactia syndrome (MMA). The symptoms were a prolonged gestation length (116--117 days), fever, mastitis and agalactia. During the present study 3 sows were left untreated while 5 sows were given an intramuscular injection with 12.5 mg PGF2alpha during late pregnancy (112--114 days). Four of the five PG-treated sows farrowed within 32 hours, while the fifth sow farrowed 100 hours after injection. The sow not responding to the PG-treatment and the untreated sows all developed MMA while the four sows responding to treatment remained healthy. The gestation length in treated sows responding to treatment was 113--115 days. In the sows developing MMA the gestation length was 116--117 days. The potential effect for prevention of MMA of shortening the gestation length in this herd is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Determination of progesterone in peripheral blood-plasma as a diagnostic aid in female swine (author's transl.)].

The determination of the peripheral plasma level of progesterone was evaluated as a clinical aid in the gynaecological diagnosis of female pigs. The normal cyclic variation of the peripheral plasma level of progesterone was determined in six cross bred gilts (Swedish Landrace times Swedish Yorkshire Breed) which were examined daily for the stages of oestrus. The results of this investigation are given in fig. 1. Peripheral plasma levels of progesterone were determined in 16 gilts with the clinical diagnosis of "silent heat". Despite all 16 gilts being sexually mature none of them had shown clinical signs of heat. The gilts belonged to 3 different farms, on all of which there was a high incidence of "silent heat". At least two blood samples were drawn 7 days apart from each of the gilts. Of the gilts examined 12 had variations in peripheral plasma level of progesterone. Of these 12 animals only 5 had clinical signs of heat, although the farmer had been advised, from the progesterone analysis, on the probable day of occurrence of heat. In 3 of the gilts, treatment with hormones (PMSCG) elicited the standing reflex when they were placed with a boar. In Table I is given some examples of the relationship of clinical signs of heat and the peripheral plasma level of progesterone. The peripheral plasma level of progesterone was also used as an early pregnancy diagnosis test in gilts. The gilts used in this investigation were all artificially inseminated with deep frozen boar semen. The expected pregnancy rate after insemination was 50%. Blood samples were drawn 17-25 days after insemination of 84 gilts. Peripheral plasma level of progesterone equal to or higher than 7.5 ng/ml were considered to indicate pregnancy. All gilts were slaughtered 4 weeks after the insemination and the number of fetuses were counted. A correct pregnancy diagnosis by the estimation of peripheral plasma level of progesterone was obtained in 95.2% of the gilts. The incorrect diagnoses were all false positives, viz. non-pregnant gilts were diagnosed as pregnant.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Fertility and fertility problems in some beef herds in Sweden (author's transl)].

The purpose of the study was to investigate the fertility level, some factors affecting fertility and problems of infertility in selected Swedish beef herds. The investigation included 31 herds, 19 of which had Herefords, 13 Charolais, 2 Aberdeen Angus and 1 Limousins. The total number of mature females was 703, including 147 feifers of breeding age. Most data were collected at personal visits to the herds. The results are presented in Tables I--XV and Figures 1--2. The service period coincided roughly with the grazing period and lasted usually 4--5 months. Seventyfive per cent of the females calved during the period February-May. The fertility levels were comparatively good. The percentage of pregnancy at rectal examination performed at the end of the service period was 89.5; however the average calving percentage was only 87.5. The highest calving percentages were recorded for Aberdeen Angus and crossbreds. Also the calf crop, it is the number of calves born alive and surviving 24 hours per mature female was the highest for these two groups; 0.91 and 0.90 respectively. The mean interval from calving to conception was 80.3 days in Herefords, 83.4 days in Aberdeen Angus, 85.6 days in crossbreds and 92.3 days in Charolais. The percentage of animals pregnant within 90 days after calving was on an average slightly more than 50 per cent. The interval from calving to conception rose gradually when the interval from calving to expoure to bull exceeded 40 days. Mean percentages of still born calves were 5.9 in cows and 13.7 in heifers. As far as the fertility level is concerned there does not seem to be any disadvantage in keeping the bull together with the females during the calving period. However, in this case the next calvings will occur over an extended period of time. If the intention is to concentrate 50 per cent of the calvings within the period of one month then the females should be exposed to the bull from 41--60 days after calving at the earliest. In case the females were exposed to the bull from 41--60 days after calving and onwards, 95 per cent of the females finally pregnant had conceived at the end of a 3 months service period. Under such conditions a bull may be able to serve two groups of females within the same grazing period. Cows calving during July-September had the lowest pregnancy rate and those calving during October-December the highest at the following service period. The incidence of ovarian cysts was very low. About 1/3 of those buls serving at least 10 females each obtained calving percentages less than or equal to 80. Herds recording low calving percentages had to a great extent used young bulls, 12--15 months of age at the beginning of the service period. Only for two groups of females out of eleven which had been served by young bulls calving percentages greater than 80 were noted. A more efficient control of the fertility of the bulls could markedly improve the fertility of some herds.

Abortion, Veterinary↗