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Biomedical subjects

S Ehara

Publications and source records attributed to S Ehara.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Inguinal endometriosis attaching to the round ligament.

We report a case of endometriosis in the right inguinal region, attached to the right round ligament in a 28-year-old woman. At the age of 20, laparoscopic left ovarian cystectomy and pelvic adhesiolysis for endometriosis was carried out. She noticed a right tender groin mass 7 months previously, and the tumour size fluctuated with the menstrual cycle. A poorly circumscribed elastic hard mass, measuring 3 cm in diameter, was palpated in her right inguinal region. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm mass in the right inguinal canal and a 5.4 cm x 6.8 cm mass was seen in the left ovary. The mass enlarged during menstruation. The groin mass was removed, in addition to carrying out laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. At operation, the groin mass was found to be in continuity with the round ligament of extraperitoneal portion. Histological diagnosis of endometriosis was made in both ovarian and inguinal tumours. After surgery, the pain disappeared completely. Worth mentioning is that MRI clearly showed the change of tumour size depending on the menstrual cycle, which aided in arriving at the correct diagnosis of endometriosis in an unusual location.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Relation between aortic stiffness and coronary flow reserve in patients with coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between aortic stiffness and coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Coronary care unit of a primary care hospital. PATIENTS: 192 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), CFR, and severity of CAD. RESULTS: According to the angiographic findings, patients were divided into four subgroups: patients without significant stenosis (normal coronary artery (NCA) group, n = 28) and those with one vessel disease (1VD group, n = 92), two vessel disease (2VD group, n = 50), or three vessel disease (3VD group, n = 22). ba-PWV increased with the number of diseased vessels and was significantly correlated with the number of diseased vessels (NCA group v 1VD group v 2VD group v 3VD group: 1481 (252) v 1505 (278) v 1577 (266) v 1727 (347) cm/s, p < 0.001). CFR had a significant negative correlation with ba-PWV (r = -0.45, p < 0.0001). The diastolic to systolic velocity ratio obtained in 45 patients also was significantly correlated with ba-PWV (r = -0.35, p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that ba-PWV was an independent determinant of CFR (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary flow is altered with aortic stiffening in patients with CAD. These results suggest one possible mechanism for recent reports that aortic stiffness is a key cardiovascular risk factor.

Ankle↗
PubMed2004

Implications of plasma concentrations of adiponectin in patients with coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether concentrations of plasma adiponectin constitute a significant coronary risk factor, with particular focus on the relation between plasma concentrations of adiponectin and the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Plasma concentrations of adiponectin were measured in 123 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in 17 control participants. Patients were divided into three groups according to condition type: acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group (n = 59), unstable angina pectoris (UAP) group (n = 28), and stable angina pectoris (SAP) group (n = 36). RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of adiponectin correlated negatively with body mass index (r = -0.18, p < 0.05), serum triglyceride (r = -0.25, p < 0.01), and fasting glucose concentrations (r = -0.21, p < 0.05), but correlated positively with age (r = 0.26, p < 0.01), high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.35, p < 0.01), and low density lipoprotein particle size (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Plasma concentrations of adiponectin in patients with ACS, in both the AMI and UAP groups, were significantly lower than those in patients with SAP and in the control group (ACS, 6.5 (3.0) microg/ml; SAP, 11.3 (5.9) micro g/ml; control 12.8 (4.3) microg/ml; p < 0.01). Additionally, plasma concentrations of adiponectin in patients with CAD (7.9 (4.6) microg/ml, p < 0.01) were significantly lower than in the control group. There were, however, no significant differences between patients with SAP and the control group (p = 0.36). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that smoking, fasting glucose concentration, and low log adiponectin concentration correlated independently with the development of an ACS. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that measurement of plasma concentrations of adiponectin may be of use for assessing the risk of CAD and may be related to the development of ACS.

Adiponectin↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of myocardial viability using coronary zero flow pressure after successful angioplasty in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between coronary flow reserve (CFR), coronary zero flow pressure (Pzf), and residual myocardial viability in patients with acute myocardial infarction. DESIGNS: Prospective study. SETTING: Primary care hospital. PATIENTS: 27 consecutive patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) was used in 27 patients who underwent successful intervention within 12 hours of onset of a first acute anterior myocardial infarction. Within three days before discharge they had < 25% stenosis in the culprit lesion as determined by angiography 24 (3) days after acute myocardial infarction. Pzf and the slope index of the flow-pressure relation (SIFP) were calculated from the simultaneously recorded aortic pressure and coronary flow velocity signals at peak hyperaemia.%FDG was quantified by comparing FDG uptake in the infarct myocardium with FDG uptake in the normal myocardium. RESULTS: There was a correlation between %FDG and CFR, where y = -1.477x + 62.517, r = -0.072 (NS). There was also a correlation between %FDG and SIFP, where y = -0.975x + 60.542, r = -0.045 (NS), and a significant correlation between %FDG and Pzf, where y = -0.98x + 85.108, r = -0.696 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: CFR does not correlate with FDG-PET at the time of postreperfusion evaluation of residual myocardial viability. The parameter that correlates best with residual myocardial viability is Pzf and this may be a useful index for predicting patient prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Elevated levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein show a positive relationship with the severity of acute coronary syndromes.

BACKGROUND: There is accumulating data that acute coronary syndromes relate to recent onset activation of inflammation affecting atherosclerotic plaques. Increased blood levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) could play a role in these circumstances. METHODS AND RESULTS: Ox-LDL levels were measured in 135 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI; n=45), unstable angina pectoris (UAP; n=45), and stable angina pectoris (SAP; n=45) and in 46 control subjects using a sandwich ELISA method. In addition, 33 atherectomy specimens obtained from a different cohort of patients with SAP (n=10) and UAP (n=23) were studied immunohistochemically for ox-LDL. In AMI patients, ox-LDL levels were significantly higher than in patients with UAP (P<0.0005) or SAP (P<0.0001) or in controls (P<0.0001) (AMI, 1.95+/-1.42 ng/5 microgram LDL protein; UAP, 1.19+/-0.74 ng/5 microgram LDL protein; SAP, 0.89+/-0.48 ng/5 microgram LDL protein; control, 0.58+/-0.23 ng/5 microgram LDL protein). Serum levels of total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol did not differ among these patient groups. In the atherectomy specimens, the surface area containing ox-LDL-positive macrophages was significantly higher in patients with UAP than in those with SAP (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that ox-LDL levels show a significant positive correlation with the severity of acute coronary syndromes and that the more severe lesions also contain a significantly higher percentage of ox-LDL-positive macrophages. These observations suggest that increased levels of ox-LDL relate to plaque instability in human coronary atherosclerotic lesions.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed2001

Disorganised unilateral cerebellar folia: a mild form of cerebellar cortical dysplasia?

We describe MRI findings in two patients with disorganised foliation of one cerebellar hemisphere, with folia running vertically rather than horizontally. The thickness of individual folia and corticomedullary interdigitations were normal. These patients have no cerebellar neurological deficit. This rare abnormality is probably a maldevelopment of the hemispheric part of the posterior lobe of the developing cerebellum, and no clinical significance can be elicited.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cervical spine injury in the elderly: imaging features.

An increase in the elderly population has resulted in an increased incidence of cervical spine injury in this group. No specific type of cervical spine trauma is seen in the elderly, although dens fractures are reported to be common. Hyperextension injuries due to falling and the resultant central cord syndrome in the mid and lower cervical segments due to decreased elasticity as a result of spondylosis may be also characteristic. The imaging features of cervical spine injury are often modified by associated spondylosis deformans, DISH and other systemic disorders. The value of MR imaging in such cases is emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Spontaneous progression of vertebral intraosseous pneumatocysts to fluid-filled cysts.

Intraosseous pneumatocyst is a relatively rare condition, and its natural course is not known. We report two cases of intraosseous pneumatocyst of vertebra with resorption of gas and its replacement with fluid shown on follow-up cross-sectional imaging. The mechanism influencing the course of these appearances is unclear. However, the benign nature of intraosseous pneumatocyst needs to be recognized and biopsy avoided.

Bone Cysts↗
PubMed2001

Imaging features of intraosseous lipomas of the calcaneus.

We report two cases of intraosseous lipoma arising in the calcaneus of a 36-year-old and a 22-year-old women complaining of heel pain. Plain radiographs and computed tomography scans revealed cystic lesions in the calcaneus triangle. On magnetic resonance images, the lesions had high signal intensities on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, corresponding to adipose tissue. Histological examination revealed mature fat cells with small bone fragments. Curettage and bone grafting were performed. There was no recurrence identified on plain radiographs 2 years following the surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Osteoarticular tuberculosis.

The radiological features of osteoarticular tuberculosis are quite variable. The rareness of AIDS-associated tuberculosis and relatively mild course and imaging features may be the common feature of osteoarticular tuberculosis in Japan. Imaging features are generally similar to other low-grade infections, and liberal (often incomplete) use of antibiotics for the treatment of pyogenic infection may also make the differential diagnosis difficult on many occasions.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of patients with low back pain: a need for a standardized approach (radiologist's view).

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been recognized as a modality of choice in the evaluation of the spine. However, morphological abnormalities demonstrated by MR imaging do not always reflect low back pain (LBP). MR imaging should be interpreted with consideration of full clinical signs, symptoms, and other relevant background. At the same time, MR findings potentially relevant to LBP, such as morphological abnormalities of the disc, presence or absence of high intensity zone, abnormalities of the end plate and adjacent marrow signal, degree of nerve root compression, and degeneration of the facet joint, should be described without omission.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2001

Sagittal splitting laminoplasty for spinal canal enlargement for ossification of the spinal ligaments (OPLL and OLF).

Patients have been followed up radiologically after sagittal splitting laminoplasty (SSL) for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and ligamentum flavum. The enlarged spinal canal was maintained satisfactorily in all the cases, and the posterior spinal elements were also almost completely restored. In most cases, the range of the vertebral motion was good with more than 50% of the preoperative status. Postoperative instability of the vertebral column was not identified in any case. Mild cervical kyphosis was noted in 6% of cervical OPLL patients. There were no patients with neurological deterioration. Using SSL, reconstruction and restoration of the posterior spinal elements and retention of the enlarged spinal canal were accomplished safely and adequately.

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Diagnostic imaging in the congenital and developmental disorders: before and after advancement of molecular genetics].

In this review, a general approach to the congenital and genetic disorders is presented. Differentiation between deformation and malformation is practically important to triage congenial or developmental abnormalities. The disease distribution along arterial supply or sclerotome is more suggestive of developmental or acquired disorder, either in utero or in early infancy. Newly developed genetic analysis of bone dysplasia is an important subject, and this review focuses on collagen abnormalities, systemic disorders associated with neoplasms and receptor disorders. Owing to the progress of molecular genetics and gene therapy, the approach to hereditary conditions will dramatically change. Although most of these diseases are relatively uncommon, the role of diagnostic radiologist may become more important for early institution of treatment planning and estimating prognosis.

Bone Diseases, Developmental↗