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Biomedical subjects

S Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to S Edwards.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A single plasma sample method to assess disease activity in patients with bone metastases from carcinoma of the prostate.

A single blood sample method was used to measure total skeletal activity during routine radionuclide bone scans in 114 patients with known carcinoma of the prostate. The method is based on the measurement of radioactivity in plasma after administration of 99mTc MDP and 51Cr EDTA, providing an assessment of total skeletal activity independent of renal function. The results showed a significant elevation of skeletal activity in patients with untreated bone metastases when compared with patients with no metastatic spread. Significant elevation with increasing extent of metastases was also shown, the highest activity being in patients with diffuse metastatic spread (superscan). Patients with treated metastatic disease showed significantly lower skeletal activity than patients with untreated bone metastases. The method requires the use of two radiopharmaceuticals injected as a mixture and potential errors may arise from pharmaceutical instability. In addition, elevation of total skeletal activity may be caused by coexistent metabolic bone disease. The results suggest that the measure may provide quantitative information in the assessment of the activity of bone metastases from prostatic carcinoma.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Analysis of HLA B27 in ankylosing spondylitis with human alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocyte clones: failure to detect disease-related T cell epitopes.

We have generated several human alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones specific for HLA B27 expressed on cells of normals or of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). These clonal T cell reagents were used to test the recognition of panels of target cells from B27+AS+, B27+AS- and B27- individuals. None of these CTL clones distinguished differences between B27+AS+ and B27+AS- cells. Three clones recognized subtypes of HLA B27 and two of these were cytolytic with group-reactive epitopes of other HLA antigens. The results suggest that there are no immunogenic disease-specific epitopes of HLA B27 in B27-linked spondyloarthropathy.

Clone Cells↗
PubMed1986

An evaluation of five serological tests for the detection of antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 in vaccinated and experimentally infected cattle.

More than 300 bovine sera from a previously reported vaccination and challenge trial were tested for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) by five serological assays: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM and IgG, passive haemagglutination (PHA), and two methods of virus neutralisation (VN). In a statistical comparison of ELISA (IgG), PHA and VN results, the assays showed highly significant correlations (P less than 0.01). The sensitivities of ELISA and 24-hour neutralisation tests were similar, in contrast to passive haemagglutination and one hour neutralisation which failed to detect BHV1 antibodies in some low titre sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Multiple epitopes on a human breast-carcinoma-associated antigen.

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) NCRC-11 identifies an epitope expressed variably in human breast cancer. The degree of expression of this epitope in primary operable tumours is closely related to the subsequent clinical course of the disease (Ellis et al., 1985). The target antigen for NCRC-11 was isolated from subcellular membranes of breast carcinomas and purified by immunoadsorbent chromatography. NCRC-11 epitopes were expressed upon a large glycoprotein of more than 400 kd. This material was susceptible to degradation by pronase and papain and contained N-acetylglucosamine, as indicated by its binding to wheat-germ agglutinin. The NCRC-11-defined antigen expressed epitopes for the anti-human milk-fat globule membrane antibodies HMFG-1 and HMFG-2, and other antibodies against epithelial membrane antigens (EMA, LICR-LON-M8). The reactivity of these antibodies with tumour membranes was also similar, but not identical, to that of the NCRC-11 antibody. In competitive binding-inhibition assays, these antibodies partially inhibited the binding of 125I-NCRC-11 antibody to antigen, suggesting that the epitopes involved are topographically closely associated. Sandwich immunoassays demonstrated that NCRC-11 epitopes are likely to represent repeated structures of the NCRC-11 antigen. The findings presented are interpreted as indicating that the NCRC-11 antigen expresses a variety of epitopes which are associated with normal differentiation and malignant change.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Stimulator requirements for primed alloreactive T cells: macrophages and dendritic cells activate T cells across all genetic disparities.

The cellular requirements for stimulating primed alloreactive T cells have been investigated. In vitro-primed secondary alloreactive cells, long-term lines, and Ly 1+2- noncytolytic clones which reacted with allo-H-2K, D, or Mls (M locus) antigens were tested. The data indicated that a specialized antigen-presenting cell such as a macrophage or a dendritic cell was required for stimulating primed alloreactive cells across all the genetic disparities tested. B and T lymphocytes were ineffective stimulators. The stimulator requirement for secondary and Ly 1+2- clone responses was heterogeneous, since both macrophages and dendritic cells were effective stimulators. Thus, the allostimulator requirement for inducing proliferation and mediator secretion by the primed T-cell populations closely paralleled the requirement for stimulating unprimed populations. The only exception found was the peritoneal washout population, which did not stimulate a primary response but did stimulate secondary responses. The failure of peritoneal macrophages to stimulate a primary response was shown to be due to an inhibitory pathway which did not occur when the responding population was alloantigen primed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of stimulator cells for alloreactive cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses in vivo.

Mouse spleen cells were fractionated and tested for their ability to induce alloreactive cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses in vivo. The cells with allostimulatory potential are enriched maximally in a population of low density, Ig-negative, Thy 1-negative cells. This fraction has the cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of cells of the early myeloid series and not those of typical dendritic cells or macrophages. These myeloid cells represent a new subset of accessory cells which could be a potential source of allostimulation in organ grafts. They should be considered along with other accessory cell types as potential elements which induce transplantation responses.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Detection of antibodies to bovid herpesvirus 4 by ELISA.

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies to bovid herpesvirus 4 was developed using antigen prepared by detergent lysis of infected cell cultures. The assay was used to study the immune responses of experimentally-immunised calves. The results correlated well with the indirect fluorescent antibody method. A viral neutralizing antibody response could not be demonstrated in the calves.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Establishment of a statistical base for use of ELISA in diagnostic serology for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis.

The critical statistical parameters of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were determined to enable quantitation of antibody responses in cattle affected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. A system of controlling well-to-well variations in optical density reading across a microtitre plate was evolved and dose--response assays were carried out to determine the dilution of serum which gave the greatest discrimination between acute and convalescent sera from an infected animal. Use of a standard serum was studied in further assays. An increase in optical density value of 0.15 was set as a diagnostic criterion for a significantly rising antibody response. This compared well with the conventional criterion of a fourfold rise in virus neutralizing antibody titre.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acute medical care for championship auto racing.

Auto racing is a diverse sport in terms of car design and sophistication, topography of race courses, speeds achieved, and driver experience. These factors relate directly to potential hazards of auto races and the approaches to safety utilized by the groups conducting these events. The evolution in recent years of technologically advanced racing machines capable of speeds exceeding 200 mph has mandated commensurate sophistication in acute medical care programs serving professional racing teams. A comprehensive team approach to the on-track evaluation and treatment of speed-sport-related trauma is described.

Accidents↗
PubMed1985

The function of antigen-presenting cells in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency.

We have examined the antigen-presenting function of spleen cells in the C.B-17 scid mouse, a mutation that severely impairs the development of T and B lymphocytes. We show that antigen-presenting cells (APC) of SCID mice function normally in antigen-specific proliferative responses of primed T cells and in the antigen-specific activation of IL 2-producing T cell hybridomas. In both quantitative and qualitative terms, APC of SCID mice are equivalent to those of normal mice. These results indicate that the development and differentiation of APC function in vivo is independent of signals from mature, functional T or B lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Augmentation of cell-mediated responses in vitro by a monoclonal anti-helper factor antibody.

Previous studies have shown that monoclonal antibody AF3.44.4 has specificity for a constant region determinant on mouse antigen-specific helper factors and that it also binds to cultured T cells with functional helper cell characteristics. The antibody synergizes with antigen to enhance in vitro antibody responses; here we demonstrate that it will also enhance cell-mediated responses in vitro such as in the generation of proliferating cells in mixed lymphocyte responses and in the generation of specific killer cells in cytotoxic T lymphocyte cultures. The mechanism of AF3.44.4-generated enhancement was investigated. Increased levels of the lymphokines IL-2 and BCDF were detected in supernatants of AF3.44.4-treated cultures but the antibody itself could not replace interleukin-2 (IL-2), and would not stimulate primed cells in the absence of antigen. This type of monoclonal antibody which augments immunological responses in an antigen-dependent fashion may provide a new class of immunostimulant and a new approach to augmenting the responses of weak immunogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Neuropharmacology of delta-aminolaevulinic acid. II. Effect of chronic administration in mice.

delta-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is suspected of being responsible for the neuropsychiatric symptoms of acute porphyria. The object of this study was to examine the effects of continuous administration of ALA in vivo on behaviour known to be affected in acute porphyria. ALA was administered to mice via minipumps implanted subcutaneously. Mean urinary excretion of ALA over the ensuing 7 days was approximately 80 mumol/kg b. wt./day. No significant effects on locomotor activity, motor co-ordination and grip and noci-perception were noted. These results do not support the hypothesis that chronic exposure of animals to ALA may produce a porphyria-like syndrome.

Aminolevulinic Acid↗
PubMed1984

Thermal entrainment and human ovulation.

The changes in the peripheral vascular response to temperature have been studied for ten menstrual cycles by calculating thermal entertainment levels. The entrainment levels exhibited peaks at around the time of ovulation, a result which we believe is due to the fluctuating levels of the hormones oestrogen and progesterone in the blood. An attempt has been made to explain the influence of these hormones on the vasomotor control system and where interactions may occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Single-step immunosorbent preparation of F-protein from mouse liver with conservation of the allo-antigenic site, and determination of concentration in liver and serum.

A single-step immunopurification procedure is described for murine protein F, in which the T-cell-defined allo-antigenic site on the protein is fully conserved. The procedure is based on the use of a newly developed monoclonal antibody. The protein is isolated as a 42,500 mol. wt (F.1) and a 43,000 mol. wt (F.2) monomer. The content in liver, as estimated by radioimmune inhibition assay, is 0.083% and the yield is approximately one third. An assay of immunogenic activity in adoptive transfer, which detects the T-cell-defined site, provides a similar estimate of content in liver. The adoptive transfer assay yields concns of F-protein in serum of young mice of 0.5-1.2 X 10(-9)M, the lowest concn of protein known to induce complete immunological tolerance.

Animals↗