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Biomedical subjects

S Edward

Publications and source records attributed to S Edward.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Changes in caries diagnostic criteria over time related to the insertion of fillings. A comparative study.

The attitude toward the need for restorative treatment of carious approximal tooth surfaces changed gradually during the 1970s. The depth of the carious lesions and an assessment of their progression rate was recommended to be the basis for decisions of whether preventive measures or restorative therapy should be applied. The aim of this study was to examine whether this view on caries therapy had influenced the treatment of posterior approximal surfaces and the choice of caries diagnostic criteria in studies on changes in caries prevalence over time. The material comprised posterior bitewing radiographs and records from the annual dental care of two groups of teenagers, born in 1964 an 1971, respectively. By means of an index system every approximal surface from the distal surface of the first premolars to the mesial surface of the second molars was given a caries diagnostic score on the basis of the depth of the lesions. The fillings inserted during the same treatment period as the radiographs had been taken were then grouped on the basis of the scores. At 13 years of age the percentage of fillings inserted in teeth with carious lesions extending into the outer and those extending into the inner half of the enamel was significantly higher in children born in 1964 than those born in 1971. This was also the case with fillings inserted at 16 years of age in teeth with lesions extending into the inner half of the enamel. On the basis of these results it was concluded that comparisons between the two groups with regard to approximal caries prevalence has to be based on criteria that cover both fillings and initial and frank carious lesions. This seems to have a general bearing on comparisons between groups of the same age but with different years of birth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Dental caries on adjacent approximal tooth surfaces in relation to order of eruption.

The occurrence of dental caries on adjacent approximal molar and premolar tooth surfaces was examined on posterior bitewing radiographs. More distal surfaces of the first permanent molars were decayed than adjacent mesial surfaces of the second molars. The appearance of dental caries on adjacent premolar surfaces was related to the order of eruption; the surface that had erupted first was likely to be decayed first. Reports from other studies on adjacent approximal surfaces indicate that this conclusion has a general bearing. It therefore seems important to increase the caries resistance of already erupted teeth by preventive means before and during the eruption of adjacent teeth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Dry skin lesions with marked hair loss in a case of BL leprosy. A case report.

Skin lesions of leprosy that are anaesthetic, well defined, limited in number and dry with significant hair loss generally fit into the paucibacillary (PB) spectrum. The bacteriological index (BI) is expected to be negative or low. We have reported a case who presented with such findings but whose BI readings were high. Together with the biopsy findings the patient was classified as having borderline (BL) leprosy. The role of the skin smear examination and the misleading nature of some clinical features are highlighted. The authors feel that skin smear examinations should be performed on all leprosy patients at the time of diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Caries experience in teenagers related to changes in a dental health programme.

Comparisons were made of the number of approximal DF-surfaces radiographically recorded at the ages of 13 and 16 years between two groups of children, born in 1964 and 1971, respectively. The aim of the study was to examine if the differences in caries prevalence could be related to the effects of the changes in the dental health programme with time in Göteborg, Sweden. The caries prevalence at 16 years of age was significantly lower in the 1971 group. This was mainly due to a decrease in the number of fillings and caries lesions in girls. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups with regard to the mesial surfaces of the first permanent molars. In comparisons between the 20 per cent of children of both sexes with most caries, the 1971 group presented significantly lower DF-values at 16 years of age. The children in the 1971 group had a lower age at the start of organized dental care, had had more topical fluoride applications and, especially the girls, had probably used fluoride dentifrices more frequently. These factors, taken singly as well as in combination, are presumed to have contributed to the lower caries prevalence in the 1971 group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Tobacco habits among teenagers in the city of Göteborg, Sweden, and possible association with dental caries.

Frome nine dental clinics within the Public Dental Service in the City of Göteborg, 2145 patients aged 14 to 19 answered a questionnaire concerning their tobacco habits. Tobacco was used in some form by 27 per cent of the patients and use increased with age. Smoking was more common among girls than among boys: 24 and 12 per cent, respectively. The statistical analyses showed that smoking as a habit and an increased number of cigarettes smoked per day are positively correlated with increases in the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth and the number of initially decayed proximal surfaces. Further, all caries epidemiological data were significantly higher among patients with tobacco habits compared to non-users. It can be concluded that there is a correlation between the tobacco habit and increased caries prevalence. However, dietary and oral habits have to be further elucidated before any definite conclusions can be made regarding the effect of the tobacco habit per se on the development of caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The time employed for care of permanent teeth in children and adolescents.

Data were compiled from the records of dental care given to 199 patients from 6 to 19 years of age. The restorative treatment of permanent teeth, including the time for examinations, radiographs and final polishing, accounted for 74% of the total time employed for dental care. It was especially noted that the youths with a caries prevalence of 25 or more filled surfaces at 19 years of age, constituting 24% of the patients, accounted for 65% of the number of filled proximal surfaces and 45% of all filled surfaces, while 38% of the time needed for restorative dentistry and 40% of the time used for individual prophylaxis was associated with this group. This study emphasizes the importance of early identification of the children at high risk for caries so as to provide appropriate preventive therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of different carriers preventive measures in children highly infected with mutans streptococci.

The caries preventive effect of topical application of fluoride varnish (Duraphat), ferric-aluminum-fluoride solution (FeAlF) and chlorhexidine gel was compared in 2-yr clinical study. Children with more than 10(6) mutans steptococci per ml saliva were selected and a total of 189 13-yr-old children participated in the study. The children in the fluoride groups were treated every third month with either Duraphat or FeAlF-solution. In the chlorhexidine group children with more than 2.5 x 10(5) mutans streptococci per ml of saliva were treated every third month. The mean number of new decayed and filled tooth surfaces was 3.06 in the chlorhexidine group, 5.88 in the Duraphat group, 5.33 in the FeAlF group, and 6.34 in the control group. Thus supervised antimicrobial treatment can significantly reduce the incidence of dental (caries) in children with high numbers of mutans streptococci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Direct detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with monoclonal antibodies characterized by serotyping reagents.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to outer membrane protein I were generated with the ultimate aim of detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae in patient samples by a direct immunofluorescence (IF) test. In an initial evaluation of the sensitivity of these reagents, a cocktail of six IF MAbs recognized 491 (91%) of 540 gonococci isolates from several centers in Sydney, Australia. IF MAbs designated 185 and 228 recognized serovars of WI serogroup and IF MAbs 208, 210, and 312 recognized serovars of WII/III serogroup. IF MAb 198 recognized serovars within both serogroups. Three additional IF MAbs, designated 322, 323, and 330, were then generated by using strains which failed to react with the original MAb cocktail and which belonged to particular serovars. The new cocktail of nine IF MAbs recognized 96% of the gonococcal isolates, which incidentally contained representatives of serovars shown to have a worldwide distribution in previous studies. Although subtle differences were apparent in the reaction patterns found with coagglutination (serotyping) and IF, there nonetheless seems to be merit in the approach of continually evaluating the sensitivity of diagnostic reagents such as MAbs. This is especially true with an organism such as N. gonorrhoeae, which has the capacity to regularly alter the antigenic structure of its outer membrane proteins.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1988

Elemental imaging of dental hard tissues by secondary ion mass spectrometry.

High resolution imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) has been employed in a chemical-microstructural pilot study of different classes of hard tissues from human and rat. The special scanning ion microprobe instrumentation permitted the recording of element-resolved images with a lateral resolution of about 50 nm. Sharp distribution micrographs were obtained for Ca+, F- and CN-, and in selected specimens for Na+, K+, Mg+, O-, Cl-, C- and PO-. Several trends in the elemental kinetics of mineralization were comprehensively illustrated and new aspects were indicated. The paper points out the broad scope of interest, and the potentialities of unique applications, in SIMS imaging of biomineralized tissues, the conditions for efficient employment of the recently developed technique are briefly discussed and demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Fortnightly fluoride rinsing combined with topical paintings with a fluoride solution containing Fe- and Al-ions.

In clinical trials conducted for three and five years respectively the combined effect of fortnightly sodium fluoride rinsing and topical painting every fourth month with a ferric aluminum fluoride solution was found to be significantly more caries preventing than the combined effect of fortnightly sodium fluoride rinsing and topical painting every fourth month with a neutral 0.2% sodium fluoride solution.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1979

The MB fraction of creatine phosphokinase. An indicator of myocardial involvement in acute pericarditis.

An elevated level of the MB fraction of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) with normal serum myoglobin and normal CPK values was found in a case of acute idiopathic pericarditis. The elevated serum CPK-MB isozyme is suggested to be an indicator of myocardial involvement accompanying acute pericarditis. The normal CPK and serum myoglobin values and the pattern of rapid decrease of CPK-MB level ruled out the possibility of acute myocardial infarction.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Mammographic observations on the growth of untreated cancer of the breast (author's transl)].

Report on 21 primary breast cancers in 19 untreated women. The longest follow-up was 1074 days, the shortest 24 days. Doubling time of the tumors was calculated with Collins formula. The necessary assessment of the volume of tumors was calculated with a simple method. Doubling time differs greatly and, in parts, greatly exceeds published data. The radiologic development is surveyed. Collins formula is discussed in its strict interpretation starting from the volume of one tumor cell. Our own results lead to conclusions on the radiologic diagnosis of breast cancer. Usually diagnosis is immediately followed by therapy. Observations on the spontaneous course of, expecially primary, cancer of the breast are therefore scanty. Larger numbers of repeated mammography of the same tumor do not exist. Clinical examinations of growth belong to earlier times, the patients even to past centuries (Bloom 1964). Systematic investigations of this type cannot be defended on ethical grounds. In order to acquire insight into spontaneous growth of this cancer one has to rely on the few cases in whom operation wa5 not done for various reasons Here repeat mammography was possible. Such cases are important in practice since repeat mammography may have to be recommended by the radiologist, our own material will be discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗