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Biomedical subjects

S Ebihara

Publications and source records attributed to S Ebihara.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Multiple primary cancers in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.

During the 27 years between 1962 and 1988, 984 patients visited the National Cancer Center Hospital for previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and lip. The records of all these 984 patients were reviewed to determine the incidence of additional primary carcinoma. 1) One hundred and thirty-five additional carcinomas developed in 111 patients (11.2%) during 5,689.2 person-years of observation. The incidence of additional primary carcinoma was 23.7 per 1,000 person-years. 2) The cumulative rate of additional primary carcinoma during the first five years of observation showed a tendency to increase in the most recently treated patients (from 1980 to 1988). 3) The observed-to-expected ratio (O/E ratio) for all sites was 2.77 and this is significantly high (P less than 0.01). The calculation of the O/E ratio for each site revealed significantly high risks in the oral cavity and pharynx, esophagus and skin. The O/E ratio for the oral cavity and pharynx was extremely high (79.45). 4) The O/E ratio for all sites in each year of follow-up was the highest in the first year, stayed nearly constant from the second to 14th years, and decreased gradually afterwards. Significantly high risk was observed until the 13th year of follow-up. Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma must be under frequent and regular examination for almost 15 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Enzymatic regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in rabbit periodontal ligament under various physiological pH conditions.

Optimal concentrations of the essential components for analyzing the activity of each enzyme associated with glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in rabbit periodontal ligament were examined, and enzyme assay systems for 15 enzymes including 22 reactions were established using triethanolamine buffer. Specific activities of all the enzymes, except for the gluconeogenic reaction of phosphoglycerate kinase, were systematically evaluated using the optimum buffer for each enzyme, since the activity of each enzyme varied depending on the buffer used. For glycolysis, the activity levels of hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase were very low, and consequently these enzyme reactions were inferred to be the rate-limiting steps. For gluconeogenesis, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and aldolase activities were extremely low, and the activities of glucose 6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and pyruvate carboxylase were undetectable. These results suggest that the periodontal ligament may have no gluconeogenesis capability. With a rise in pH, the activities of the key enzymes of glycolysis gradually increased, and a specific "crossover" point was found between the activities of glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglyceromutase. In addition, the activity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, one of the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, was markedly increased with a rise in pH, although pH changes had no effect on aldolase activity. Consequently, alkaline pH appeared to result in overall stimulation of glycolysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[An evaluation of excisional biopsy for tongue carcinoma].

An evaluation of excisional biopsy for tongue carcinoma (T1, T2) as a surgical treatment was performed. Forty-seven patients who received excisional biopsy among 394 patients with tongue carcinoma (T1, T2) treated in National Cancer Center Hospital during 24 years were examined. These patients were divided into following three groups: group a) patients treated with excisional biopsy only, group b) those treated with excisional biopsy and cryosurgery, group c) those treated with excisional biopsy and radiotherapy. We examined local control rate of these groups, degree of differentiation in histopathological examination, and median cancer free surgical margin. From these we obtained following results: 1) There was no significance in local control rate among these three groups (group a 77%, group b 84%, group c 45%) 2) There were no local recurrences in the patients with cancer free margin of 5 mm or more except when the histopathology showed perineural invasion, lymphatic vessel invasion, and/or deep invasion to the muscle. 3) Even if we had cancer positive surgical margin with excisional biopsy, we could obtain high local control rate (75%) with additional cryosurgery. We conclude that excisional biopsy for tongue carcinoma (T1, T2) is a good method for primary therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pentobarbital-induced phase shifts of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity are not mediated through stimulated activity in mice.

The possibility that phase shifts of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity induced by pentobarbital injections are mediated through hyperactivity after recovery from the sedative condition was tested in DBA/2 mice. The mice were restrained for 3 h in a tube immediately after injections of pentobarbital at either CT 9 or CT 0. The results indicated that immobilization did not block the phase shifts, suggesting that pentobarbital-induced phase shifts are not due to increasing the level of activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The influence of different light intensities on pineal melatonin content in the retinal degenerate C3H mouse and the normal CBA mouse.

The sensitivity of light-induced suppression of pineal melatonin content was compared between C3H mice with hereditary retinal degeneration and CBA mice with normal retinas. At 2 h before lights on of light-dark (LD) cycles, when pineal melatonin content is the highest in both strains, groups of mice were exposed to different intensities of white fluorescent light (100, 0.14, 0.017 lux in both strains and 0.0021 and 0.00026 lux in CBA mice). For each intensity, pineals were collected just before and 5, 15 and 30 min after exposure to light. In C3H mice, the threshold of light intensity to suppress pineal melatonin content was between 0.14 and 0.017 lux, whereas that in CBA mice was between 0.0021 and 0.00026 lux. These results suggest that both rods and cones mediate photic information to the pineal gland in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Treatment for synchronous and metachronous carcinomas of the head and neck and esophagus.

In the past 27 years, 75 patients were found to have separate primary carcinomas of the head and neck and the esophagus. Head and neck tumor was discovered first in 41 patients, synchronously with esophageal tumors in 17 patients, and esophageal tumors were recognized first in 17 patients. Reconstruction by graft after resection of head and neck cancer was necessary in 18 patients and esophagectomy was performed in 62 patients. In eight patients, pharyngeal and esophageal reconstruction was necessary after resection of synchronous and metachronous pharyngeal and esophageal carcinoma. The combined procedure with free tissue transfer was useful for surgical treatment for synchronous or metachronous carcinomas of the head and neck and the esophagus.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas by polymerase chain reaction.

The presence of human papillomavirus genomes-16 and -6b in metastatic cervical lymph nodes was examined in 34 cases of laryngeal carcinomas by means of polymerase chain reaction, which had been fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. Human papillomavirus DNAs extracted from paraffin-embedded tumor tissues were used for polymerase chain reaction with amplification of the E6 region of human papillomavirus genome-16 and the E1 region of human papillomavirus genome-6b. Human papillomavirus genome-16 sequences were positively amplified in six (17.6%) metastatic tumors; -6b sequence was positively amplified in one (2.9%) metastatic tumor. Laryngeal carcinomas of glottic origin showed high human papillomavirus genome-16 DNA-positive rates (4 of 9 cases, 44.4%) compared to those of other sites. These results suggest that human papillomavirus genome-16 infection might be closely associated with the development of some laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas of glottic origin similar to uterine cervical carcino-genesis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

Surgical management of squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth.

A retrospective review is presented of 76 patients, referred to the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, who underwent surgical management for squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth during the period March, 1969, to May, 1988. Of the 76 patients, 34 (45%) were treated by surgery alone, 19 (25%) by cryosurgery and 23 (30%) by a combination of surgery and another treatment modality, either irradiation (22 patients) or chemotherapy (one patient). Fifty-three percent of the patients had stage III or IV disease. Twenty-two patients (29%) developed recurrent disease during follow-up. Eighty-five percent of the treatment failures were identified within 24 months of treatment. The most common site of recurrence, seen in 14 out of 22 cases, was the neck. The actuarial five-year survivals for patients were: stage I disease, 96%; stage II, 79%; stage III, 66%; stage IV, 49%. Recent technical advances, allowing extensive resection and reconstruction in the surgical management of this kind of tumor, have improved the prognosis even for patients with advanced disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Circadian behavioral rhythms during various light-intensity cycles in rats.

Sleep, ambulation and drinking were recorded on 5 kinds of light-intensity cycles fluctuating between 300 lux and 0 lux with a 24-hr period in rats. The waveforms of the cycles were rectangular wave (RA), sinusoidal wave (SO), triangular wave (TA), descending saw-tooth wave (ST-d) and ascending saw-tooth wave (ST-a). Each condition was maintained for 28 days. Thereafter, the rats were released into constant darkness (DD) for 20 days. The circadian behavioral rhythms clearly entrained to RA, SO, TA and ST-a, but not to ST-d. The waveforms of the behavioral rhythms varied depending on those of the fluctuating light-intensity cycles, and were quite different from those in RA and DD. Daily amounts of slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep were hardly affected by the lighting conditions, while those of ambulation and drinking were decreased on the other light-intensity cycles than RA. These results present new aspects of entrainment and masking of circadian rhythm by light.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The second carcinoma of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue after successful radiotherapy to the tongue.

Of 221 patients with carcinoma of the mobile tongue treated by radiotherapy, 129 survived without local recurrence for 5 years or longer after initial treatment. These 129 patients were studied to determine the incidence of second carcinoma of the tongue which first appeared more than 5 years after the initial treatment. Modalities of irradiation were radium needle implantation and intraoral electron irradiation for 105 and 24 patients, respectively. Twenty-two of the patients were found to have second carcinoma of the tongue. The incidence appeared to increase as the amount of radiation given increased. No obvious relationships were observed between the second carcinoma and modality of irradiation, T classification, presence of leukoplakia before the treatment, degree of histological differentiation, or degree of radiation injury. There were moderate to severe radiation injuries in 50% of the patients treated by radium needle implantation. It is likely that most of the second carcinomas of the tongue represent the late appearance of one of the multicentric foci of the tumor, not a regrowth of the residual primary tumor. In spite of the rather high rate of second carcinoma of the tongue, radiotherapy remains an excellent modality of treatment when patients are properly selected.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1989

Combined gastric pull-up and microvascular jejunal transfer procedure after pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy.

A case of simultaneous carcinomas of the lower thoracic esophagus and the oropharynx in a 62-year-old man is reported. Reconstruction was successfully performed using a one-stage operation consisting of pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy followed by a combination of gastric pull-up and microvascular jejunal transfer procedures. The postoperative course was uneventful except for regurgitation of food, which persisted for 1 month.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Melatonin content of the pineal gland in different mouse strains.

Pineal melatonin content at several times during the day and night was measured in 36 inbred strains of mice (Mus musculus) kept under LD 12:12 cycles. The results have indicated that only five inbred strains have pineal melatonin content, with higher levels during the night and lower levels during the day; the other 31 strains do not contain detectable melatonin in their pineal gland at any of times examined. The former group includes two commonly used strains (C3H/He and CBA/Ms) and three wild-derived strains (Mol-A, Mol-Nis, MOM). C3H and CBA mice showed a similar pattern of pineal melatonin rhythm with a peak at 2 hours before lights on. The peak levels were about 150 pg/gland in both strains. The rhythmic patterns of melatonin content in Mol-A, Mol-Nis, and MOM were slightly different from those in CBA and C3H. In the wild-derived strains, the peak of melatonin content did not occur at 2 hours before lights on but tended to occur at midnight. The peak levels were 67-91 pg/gland at the highest point in these strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Recanalization of intracranial carotid occlusion detected by duplex carotid sonography.

We studied three patients with internal carotid artery occlusion at the siphon who had recanalization during 1 month of close observation. Angiography and duplex carotid sonography (DCS) were repeated serially in each patient. Blood flow patterns detected by DCS were classified into three patterns by specific angiographic changes. The distal occlusive flow pattern on DCS corresponds to internal carotid artery occlusion at the siphon angiographically, the median flow pattern on DCS corresponds to partial recanalization, and a normal flow pattern on DCS indicates almost complete recanalization. Since DCS can be easily repeated, the exact time of recanalization can be determined noninvasively. In all three patients, hemorrhagic infarction observed on computed tomograms occurred at the time of recanalization detected by DCS. DCS demonstrates that recanalization is one of the mechanisms of hemorrhagic infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study of human papillomavirus infection in adult laryngeal papillomas.

Routinely processed paraffin sections from 20 patients with adult laryngeal papillomas were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) DNA and its specific mRNA by in situ hybridization methods using 35S-labeled RNA probes. Immunohistochemical techniques were also used to identify papillomavirus genus-specific common antigen (pgs-antigen). HPV-11 DNA signals and/or papillomavirus genus-specific common antigen were detected in all eight samples of multiple laryngeal papilloma. On the other hand, in 12 samples of single laryngeal papilloma, neither papillomavirus genus-specific common antigen nor HPV-11 DNA were detected. Four patients were positive for both HPV-11 DNA and pgs-antigen. In three of these four patients, HPV-11 mRNA signals were also detected. These results provided direct evidence of the association of HPV and adult multiple laryngeal papilloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinicopathological study of salivary gland adenocarcinomas].

A total of 27 cases of salivary gland adenocarcinomas were studied from clinicopathological view point. Adenocarcinomas of the salivary gland were microscopically subclassified into 3 groups according to Luna's classification: Salivary duct carcinomas histologically resembled the ductal carcinoma of the breast, displayed nuclear atypia and had poorer prognosis than the other subclasses of salivary gland adenocarcinomas. Terminal duct carcinomas lacked in nuclear atypia and displayed a variety of growth patterns, including papillary, cribriform, tubular, and solid. Some terminal duct carcinomas showed prominent mucin-production. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas had clear cytoplasms and exuberant glycogen. In addition to the clinicopathological study, nuclear areas of the tumor cells were measured in each of the 27 salivary gland adenocarcinomas, and mean nuclear area (MMA) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. The group with more than 50 microns 2 of MNA had poorer prognosis than the group with 50 microns 2 or less of MNA, and the group with more than 13 microns 2 of SD had poorer prognosis than the group with 13 microns 2 or less of SD. Finally, immunohistochemical study was performed against various markers including keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, lactoferrin, S-100 protein, CEA, etc., using the Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Lactoferrin was present in most of the salivary duct carcinomas, on the other hand, S-100 protein was detected in all of the five cases of the terminal duct carcinoma investigated. But immunohistochemical study is not especially useful in distinguishing subclasses of salivary gland adenocarcinomas or investigating the origin of tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Sleep-promoting effect following intracerebroventricular injection of a phosphorylated analogue of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP-P) in rats.

The effect of phosphorylated delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP-P) on sleep of rats was studied. DSIP-P (20 or 200 pmol/kg) was injected into the third cerebroventricle of male rats immediately before the onset of the dark period of a 12:12 h light-dark cycle. DSIP-P resulted in increases of slow-wave sleep (SWS) (17.3%, P less than 0.01) and paradoxical sleep (PS) (32.3%, P less than 0.05) during the subsequent dark period without shortening sleep latency in the dose of 200 pmol/kg. The SWS-promoting effect was carried over to the next light period. These changes returned to control levels on the second day. These results indicate that DSIP-P is a long-lasting sleep-promoting substance in rats.

Animals↗