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Biomedical subjects

S E Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to S E Nelson.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Indices of fatness and serum cholesterol at age eight years in relation to feeding and growth during early infancy.

During the early months of life, gains in length and weight are more rapid by formula-fed than by breast-fed infants and we and others have speculated that the greater gains of the formula-fed infants are the result of greater food intake. If overfeeding during early infancy resulted in establishment of habits of overeating, or if, for any other reason, diet-induced fatness in infancy persisted into childhood, we might be able to demonstrate differences in fatness in childhood related to mode of feeding (breast or bottle) during infancy. We therefore examined at age 8 years 469 children born in 1966-1971 who had been studied intensely in our unit from 8 to 112 days of age. At age 8 years there were no differences in indices of fatness related to mode of feeding during infancy. Serum concentrations of cholesterol at age 8 years were also of interest because of reports from animal studies that differences in feeding during early life may be responsible for subsequent differences in cholesterol homeostasis. Cholesterol concentrations at age 8 years did not demonstrate significant differences related to mode of feeding during infancy. It is possible, however, that age 8 years is too early for an effect to be demonstrated.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Sweetness of diet and food consumption by infants.

Normal female infants were studied from 8 to 112 days of age to determine the effect on food consumption of feeding formulas that differed widely in sweetness. One formula contained sucrose and the other a bland-tasting cornstarch hydrolysate. In a balanced, crossover design, it was found that food consumption was significantly greater during intervals in which the sweeter formula was fed.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1983

Counterbalanced swivel fork.

The counterbalanced swivel fork aids persons who have limited upper extremity function and who have been unable to feed themselves with other available feeding equipment to enjoy some independence in eating. This device proved effective for a high-level quadriplegic. Any person who can operate a mobile arm support can use this fork effectively.

Eating↗
PubMed1983

Dietary intake of lead and blood lead concentration in early infancy.

Under circumstances of low prenatal exposure to lead and low nondietary exposure to lead postnatally, four breast-fed infants and 25 formula-fed infants were studied to determine the relation between dietary intake of lead and blood lead concentration. From 8 through 111 days of age, the mean dietary intake of lead by the formula-fed infants was 17 micrograms/day (3 to 4 micrograms/kg/day), and intake of lead by the breast-fed infants was estimated to be only slightly greater. The mean blood lead concentration at the age of 112 days was 6.1 micrograms/dL. From 112 through 195 days of age, 17 infants continued in the study: ten received a mean dietary intake of lead of 16 micrograms/day, and seven received a mean intake of 61 micrograms/day. At 196 days of age, mean blood lead concentrations were significantly different (7.2 and 14.4 micrograms/dL, respectively).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Cow milk feeding in infancy: gastrointestinal blood loss and iron nutritional status.

Eighty-one normal infants were studied between 112 and 196 days of age. Thirty-nine infants were fed pasteurized cow milk and the remainder were fed either Enfamil or heat-treated cow milk. During the age interval of 112 to 140 days, the proportion of infants with guaiac-positive stools was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater among infants fed pasteurized cow milk than among those fed Enfamil or heat-treated cow milk. Similarly, infants fed cow milk had a significantly (P less than 0.001) greater number of guaiac-positive stools than did the other infants. After 140 days of age, there was no difference between feeding groups in the number of guaiac-positive stools. No significant differences were observed in mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, or transferrin saturation between feeding groups nor between infants with and those without guaiac-positive stools, It is concluded that pasteurized cow milk should not be fed before 140 days of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Methionine fortification of a soy protein formula fed to infants.

Data from study of nine normal full-term infants fed a soy isolate-based formula unsupplemented with methionine were compared with similar data from study of 10 similar infants fed the same formula supplemented with L-methionine and with data from previous studies of larger groups of infants receiving various other feedings. Food intake, growth, and serum chemical values were studied from 8 through 111 days of age. In addition, nitrogen balance studies were carried out. Statistically significant differences were as follows: lesser weight gain per 100 kcal by infants fed the unsupplemented soy isolate-based formula than by infants fed milk-based or other soy isolate-based formulas; lesser serum concentrations of albumin at age 28 days by infants fed the unsupplemented soy isolate-based formula than by breast-fed infants; greater serum concentrations of urea nitrogen by infants receiving the unsupplemented soy isolate-based formula than by those receiving the same formula supplemented with L-methionine. A number of other differences was noted but were not statistically significant. The results suggest that normal infants fed a formula providing 2.25 /100 kcal of a soy protein isolate not fortified with methionine performed less well during the first 6 weeks of life than did breast-fed infants and infants fed milk-based formulas or other soy isolate-based formulas fortified with methionine. The limiting nutrient appears to have been methionine.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Nitrogen balance studies with normal children.

A total of 1148 nitrogen balance studies were conducted in 100 boys and 23 girls 1 to 11 years old. Mixed, customary diets supplied between 8.9 and 21.4% of calories from protein. Duration of balance studies ranged from 72 hr in the youngest subjects to 120 hr in older children. Regressions and 95% confidence intervals of nitrogen retention on nitrogen intake are presented. The slope of the regression was significantly greater for children 12 to 18 months old than for children of other age groups. Correlation coefficients between various parameters of nitrogen balance and energy intake are presented. Although variability in results of nitrogen balances within subjects appears to be rather large, a significant difference between subjects was observed.

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

Influence of fat and carbohydrate content of diet on food intake and growth of male infants.

Two groups of normal fullterm infants were studied from 8 to 112 days of age while receiving formulas of the same caloric density and prepared from the same ingredients. A limited selection of strained foods were permitted. From the combination of formula and strained foods, one group received 29% of calories from fat and 62% from carbohydrate whereas the other received 57% from fat and 34% from carbohydrate. Fifteen infants in each group completed the study as planned. Energy intakes per kilogram and rates of gain in length and weight were similar in the two feeding groups.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1976

Body composition of the reference fetus.

Published data from chemical analyses of human fetuses have been utilized to construct a reference fetus of representative body composition. For gestational ages 24 through 40 weeks, body composition of the reference fetus is presented, including water, lipid, protein and major minerals. Concentrations of water, sodium, and chloride per unit of body weight decrease with increasing gestational age, whereas those of protein, lipid, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium increase. From the estimates of body composition at each age and from the gain in body weight, composition of gain and daily increments of body components have been calculated.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

Influence of formula concentration on caloric intake and growth of normal infants.

Fifteen fullterm female infants were enrolled in each of two feeding groups and all but one completed the proposed period of observation to age 112 days. Formulas prepared from the same ingredients (fat-free milk solids, a mixture of corn and coconut oils, lactose, vitamins and minerals) were fed ad libitum to both groups. Formula concentration was 54 kcal/100 ml for one group and 100 kcal/100 ml for the other. A limited selection of commercially prepared strained foods was permitted after 28 days of age. Weighed intakes of food were recorded for each day of study. During the internal 8 through 41 days of age, the infants fed the 54 kcal/100 ml formula consumed a considerably greater quantity of food but fewer calories than did those fed the 100 kcal/100 ml formula. Those fed the 54 kcal/100 ml formula also gained less weight. These differences between feeding groups were statistically significant. After 41 days of age, mean caloric intakes (kcal/kg/day) and rates of gain in weight were similar for the two feeding groups. The data provide a basis of speculation on the possible difference in allocation of calories to growth and non-growth in the two groups.

Age Factors↗