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Biomedical subjects

S E Martin

Publications and source records attributed to S E Martin.

152 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Expression by human neuroblastoma cells of an antigen recognized by naturally occurring mouse anti-brain autoantibody.

A number of human tumor cell lines of both neural and nonneural origin have been assayed for the expression of an interspecies brain antigen (mouse brain antigen 2), detected by naturally occurring antibodies in normal mouse sera. These experiments indicate that mouse brain antigen 2 is present on four human neuroblastoma cell lines but not on other human tumor cell lines tested, including four glial cell lines and a retinoblastoma. These findings demonstrate the value of naturally occurring antibodies in normal mouse sera for the detection and serological classification of human tumor antigens and indicate that considerable caution should be used in attempts to distinguish tumor-specific and tissue-specific antigen expression on human neuroblastoma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

X chromosome-linked defect of CBA/HN mice in production of tumor-reactive naturally occurring IgM antibodies.

Tumor-reactive naturally occurring antibodies (NOA) could be readily detected in sera of many mouse strains including congenitally athymic (nude) and germ free (gf) mice. Mice of the CBA/HN strain, however, were found to possess low or undetectable levels of NOA against a wide range of tumor cell lines. Genetic studies indicated that the defect in production of tumor-reactive NOA in CBA/HN mice was largely determined by the absence of an X chromosome-linked gene and is probably similar to the known X chromosome defect of this mouse strain in their antibody response to thymus-independent antigens. In spite of the low level of tumor-reactive NOA, CBA/HN mice do not have a high incidence of spontaneous tumors. These findings suggest that if tumor reactive NOA are involved in immune surveillance against malignancy they are unlikely to act directly in a quantitative manner in the detection and elimination of autochthonous tumors.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Ribosome synthesis in thermally shocked cells of Staphylococcus aureus.

Thermally shocked cells of Staphylococcus aureus rapidly synthesized ribonucleic acid (RNA) during the early stages of recovery. During this period, protein synthesis was not observed and occurred only after RNA had reached a maximum level. Even in the absence of coordinated protein synthesis, a large portion of the RNA appeared in newly synthesized ribosomes. Although the 30S subunit was specifically destroyed by the heating process, both ribosomal particles were reassembled during recovery. The addition of chloramphenicol did not inhibit the formation of the ribosomal subunits, nor was the presence of immature chloramphenicol particles detected. Extended recovery with highly prelabeled cells showed that the original ribosomal proteins present before heating are conserved and recycled. Furthermore, the data indicate that the 50S subunit is turned over and used as a source of protein for new ribosome assembly. Kinetic studies of the assembly process by pulse labeling have not revealed the presence of the normally reported precursor particles. Rather, the data suggest that assembly may occur, in this system, in a manner similar to that reported for in vitro assembly of Escherichia coli subunits.

Arginine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of mycobacterial lymphadenitis. Sensitivity and predictive value in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) has proven valuable in diagnosing tuberculous lymphadenitis in countries with endemic mycobacterial infection (MI). Its role in developed countries, where sensitivity and positive predictive value are likely to be lower, has not been adequately explored. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective, five-year study from a public hospital in the United States examined the predictiveness of 238 nodal FNAs in patients with MI; 59% of patients were also HIV+. RESULTS: Diagnostic results (stainable acid-fast bacilli or positive culture) were present in nearly half the aspirates; sensitivity was 46%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100% and negative predictive value (NPV) 94%. If granulomatous inflammation (GI) was also considered a positive result, sensitivity increased to 53%; false positive cases of GI reduced PPV to 80%, while specificity (98%) and NPV (95%) changed little. Considered alone, GI had the lowest sensitivity (25%) and PPV (65%). CONCLUSION: FNA was useful in this U.S. population with MI, identifying almost half the affected patients. However, nondiagnostic results, such as granulomatous inflammation, should be interpreted with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tyrosine-rich crystalloids in a fine needle aspirate of a polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma of a minor salivary gland. A case report.

Tyrosine-rich crystalloids were identified in a fine needle aspirate of a polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma of a minor salivary gland. Such crystalloids have been described previously as occurring in tissue sections of both benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms and in the fine needle aspirate of a pleomorphic adenoma. Their presence either in fine needle aspirates or tissue sections of salivary gland tumors should be interpreted only as an incidental and nonspecific finding and should not be used to support either a benign or malignant diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗