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Biomedical subjects

S E Maddison

Publications and source records attributed to S E Maddison.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Immunologic studies on hamsters infected with Entamoeba histolytica.

The serologic and cell-mediated immune responses of hamsters exposed to 2 strains of Entamoeba histolytica (HM-1 and HM-19) were evaluated by a series of in vitro tests. The pathogenicity of the 2 strains was evaluated in terms of their ability to produce liver abscesses and spleen enlargement. Antibody response was evaluated by the indirect hemagglutination test. The cellular immune response was assayed by increased DNA synthesis by lymphocytes and migration inhibition of macrophages.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1978

Studies on putative adult worm-derived vaccines and adjuvants for protection against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice.

Intraperitoneal transfer of viable adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni did not confer protection against a challenge infection to recipient mice. Antigens of schistosome origin were evaluated for their ability, with and without concomitantly administered nonspecific adjuvants, to stimulate protective immunity against S. mansoni. Freshly perfused ground worms or a putative membrane antigen extracted with 0.5 M KC1 from adult worms, when injected together with Corynebacterium parvum (or in a single experiment with poly [A : U]), resulted in a significant reduction in worm burden of a challenge infection with S. mansoni as compared with that of untreated controls. The membrane antigen was maintained carefully at low temperatures in buffers capable of retarding enzymatic degradation while it was being prepared.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1976

Immunoglobulin specificity for the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test conjugate.

Quantitative indirect immunofluorescence tests have demonstrated the predominance of immunoglobulin G antibody in most stages of syphilis. A class-specific anti-human immunoglobulin G conjugate is recommended to replace the present fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test conjugate. This would allow further definition and standardization of the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1976

Normative values of serum immunoglobulins by single radial immunodiffusion: a review.

Many previous studies of normative values in adults have suggested that race, age, sex, and environment all have significant effects on the mean values for IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE in various groups of individuals. Single radial immunodiffusion is the technique most widely used to quantitate immunoglobulins of the three major classes (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in sera. Measurements have been expressed in terms of mass concentration, as percentages of the mean normal adult value, and in arbitrary international units. To improve agreement among laboratories, the WHO has supported the distribution of an International Reference Preparation for the Human Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM, and similar (separate) preparations for IgD and IgE.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Dialyzable transfer factor.

Dialyzable transfer factor, obtained from human peripheral blood leukocytes and first described by Lawrence, is being used in attempts to rectify defects in the cellular immune systems of patients with basic immunodeficiencies, chronic infectious diseases, and neoplastic diseases. Current knowledge of the chemical character of, assays for, and functional activities of transfer factor are briefly reviewed. An experimental animal model for dialyzable transfer factor involving the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and infection with the trematode Schistosoma mansoni is discussed. The results of this study suggest that in this model transfer factor may act both specifically and nonspecifically.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Hypersensitivity to parasite proteolytic enzyme in schistosomiasis.

A proteolytic enzyme which hydrolyses hemoglobin was obtained from the supernatant fraction of homogenized Schistosoma mansoni. This enzyme elicited histaminic skin reactions in various animals, including man, which were infected with S. mansoni. It failed to induce reactions in monkeys harboring S. haematobium, S. japonicum, or S. intercalatum. In a preliminary field trial in the Caribbean, the skin test proved to be somewhat less sensitive than the customarily used extract of adult worms in Coca's solution. However, the enzyme appeared to induce fewer false positive reactions and delayed responses than did the Coca's extract. A new diagnostic test for schistosomiasis probably could be developed by using specific parasite enzymes against which the host has become sensitized in the course of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The relationship of race, sex, and age to concentrations of serum immunoglobulins expressed in international units in healthy adults in the USA.

Only a few investigations have been made to obtain human serum immunoglobulin values in units compatible with those used by the WHO International Reference Preparation for the Human Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM. We report our summary statistics of serum IgG, IgA, and IgM, in international units (IU), for some 800 healthy American adults grouped by age, sex, and race. Our findings are in general agreement with some, but not with all, published data. We found that the mean IgG concentration is markedly higher and the mean IgA concentration is slightly higher in blacks than in whites. Except for white females, there was a significant increase in mean IgA with age for both races. In the younger adults of both races, mean IgM values were markedly higher in females than in males. Statistically significant interactions between race, age, and sex factors were seen for all three immunoglobulin classes. Although we have attempted to estimate the normal population means and variances for the serum concentration of IgG, IgA, and IgM the process we used to select specimens may have resulted in some bias; much larger, truly randomized, and fully documented studies in different geographic areas and in different socioeconomic and racial groups are needed to provide accurate acceptable limits for human immunoglobulins.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Transfer factor: delayed hypersensitivity to Schistosoma mansoni and tuberculin in Macaca mulatta.

Delayed hypersensitivity in Macaca mulatta infected with either Schistosoma mansoni or mycobacteria was demonstrated by biopsies of skin test sites. Both dialyzable and nondialyzable leukocyte extracts from infected donors transferred delayed hypersensitivity to recipient monkeys. In two recipients, skin test conversion was associated with in vitro transformation of the recipients' lymphocytes.

Animals↗