Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S E Maddison

Publications and source records attributed to S E Maddison.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Serodiagnosis of parasitic diseases.

In this review on serodiagnosis of parasitic diseases, antibody detection, antigen detection, use of monoclonal antibodies in parasitic serodiagnosis, molecular biological technology, and skin tests are discussed. The focus at the Centers for Disease Control on developing improved antigens, a truly quantitative FAST-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the very specific immunoblot assays for antibody detection is highlighted. The last two assays are suitable for field studies. Identification of patient response in terms of immunoglobulin class or immunoglobulin G subclass isotypes or both is discussed. Immunoglobulin isotypes may asist in defining the stage of some diseases. In other instances, use of a particular anti-isotype conjugate may increase the specificity of the assay. Monoclonal antibodies have played important roles in antigen purification and identification, in competitive antibody assays with increased sensitivity and specificity, and in assays for antigen detection in serum, body fluids, or excreta. Molecular biological technology has allowed significant advances in the production of defined parasitic serodiagnostic antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Serum immunoglobulin levels and malaria antibodies in Burkitt's lymphoma.

Data are presented to support a relationship between malaria infection and Burkitt's lymphoma in African children. IgG, IgM and IgA levels were measured in sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients and from sex- and age-matched, nearest-neighbour controls. All three classes of immunoglobulins were present in significantly lower amounts in the sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients than in the sera from controls. The mechanism of this apparent B-cell suppression is not yet clear. Malaria-specific IgG and IgM antibody titres were determined in the indirect immunofluorescence test. No significant difference in the IgG malaria-specific antibodies was detected between the two groups of sera. Malaria antibody levels measured using IgM specific conjugates were significantly lower in the sera from Burkitt's lymphoma patients in reactions with Plasmodium falciparum antigen. No significant difference was observed when P. malariae was used. Confirmation of this finding would serve as a positive link between Burkitt's lymphoma and P. falciparum infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Immunization against Schistosoma mansoni in rhesus monkeys and the requirement of activation of both cell-mediated and humoral mechanisms.

When groups of rhesus monkeys were pretreated with BCG plus hyperimmune serum from monkeys with chronic schistosomiasis or with dialyzable transfer factor from uninfected monkeys plus hyperimmune serum and were challenged with 1,500 cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni, the mean worm burdens were significantly lower than that of untreated controls. Pretreatment with neither BCG alone nor Corynebacterium parvum plus a membrane antigen of adult worms of S. mansoni affected susceptibility. Neither lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of mitogens or schistosome antigen nor serological responsiveness (as measured by gel diffusion, Cercarienhüllenreaktion, circumoval precipitation, or enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay) correlated with the degree of resistance of the animals to S. mansoni. The pretreatment procedures used did not cause any abnormal histopathological responses and did not alter the characteristic host response to schistosome eggs in the lungs, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, and colon.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immune responses to Schistosoma mansoni in rhesus monkeys with multiple chronic and early primary infections.

Immunological reactivity in 10 rhesus monkeys was monitored over a 22-week period. Cellular and humoral responses of three animals were studied after primary infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Two uninfected animals served as controls. Increased lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness to mitogens and adult worm antigen was evident during the prepatent period of the infection. Marked suppression of these responses occurred during the acute phase of the disease, but by weeks 9 and 11 the animals were again responsive to mitogens and antigen, respectively, and remained so throughout the remainder of the observation period. No antibody response to various cercarial, adult worm, and egg antigens could be detected until weeks 5 to 7, after which these responses also persisted. Comparison of the immunological reactivities of these animals with primary infection and those of five chronically infected immune animals indicated possible correlations between protective immunity and (i) strong Cercarienhüllenreaktion reactivity, and (ii) lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness to adult worm antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Double-staining procedure for the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test.

The fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) double-staining procedure was reproducible, comparable to the conventional test, and easy to read. We recommend the use of the FTA-ABS double-staining procedure for microscopes with incident illumination, the 100 x/1.30 oil achromatic objective and the 6.3 x ocular to obtain optimal fluorescence, and the KP560 as a barrier filter to exclude rhodamine emission when fluorescein fluorescence is read. With this system, errors related to poor focusing or failure to visualise treponemes on all smears should be eliminated.

Fluoresceins↗
PubMed1979

Adoptive transfer of protective immunity in experimental schistosomiasis in the mouse.

Passive transfer of immune serum alone did not confer protection to recipient mice irrespective of the routes of serum transfer or cercarial challenge of Schistosoma mansoni. Mice that received both sensitized cells and immune serum were protected against challenge by subcutaneous injection of cercariae but not by percutaneous exposure. The immune serum could be transferred as late as 8 days after subcutaneous challenge, suggesting that the protection was afforded in part by a late parasite killing mechanism which functions after the schistosomula have migrated through the lungs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Schistosoma mansoni infection in intact and B cell deficient mice: the effect of pretreatment with BCG in these experimental models.

The course of infection with Schistosoma mansoni was determined in B cell deficient mice by means of a schistosomule lung recovery assay 6 days after infection or by determination of the adult worm burden 7 weeks after infection. The intensity of infection was not significantly different from that in age- and sex-matched intact controls. B cell deficiency was demonstrated by absence of surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells in the spleen and by absence of B cell areas in the lymphoid follicles of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. In addition, B cell deficient mice infected for 7 weeks with S. Mansoni were unable to form anti-schistosome antibodies detectable by the Cercarienhüllenreaktion. A normal granulomatous response, however, was observed around schistosome eggs. Pretreatment with BCG suppressed infection with S. mansoni comparably in intact and B cell deficient mice. A marked depletion of eosinophils occurred in the schistosome egg granuloma of all BCG treated mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunologic studies on hamsters infected with Entamoeba histolytica.

The serologic and cell-mediated immune responses of hamsters exposed to 2 strains of Entamoeba histolytica (HM-1 and HM-19) were evaluated by a series of in vitro tests. The pathogenicity of the 2 strains was evaluated in terms of their ability to produce liver abscesses and spleen enlargement. Antibody response was evaluated by the indirect hemagglutination test. The cellular immune response was assayed by increased DNA synthesis by lymphocytes and migration inhibition of macrophages.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1978

Studies on putative adult worm-derived vaccines and adjuvants for protection against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice.

Intraperitoneal transfer of viable adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni did not confer protection against a challenge infection to recipient mice. Antigens of schistosome origin were evaluated for their ability, with and without concomitantly administered nonspecific adjuvants, to stimulate protective immunity against S. mansoni. Freshly perfused ground worms or a putative membrane antigen extracted with 0.5 M KC1 from adult worms, when injected together with Corynebacterium parvum (or in a single experiment with poly [A : U]), resulted in a significant reduction in worm burden of a challenge infection with S. mansoni as compared with that of untreated controls. The membrane antigen was maintained carefully at low temperatures in buffers capable of retarding enzymatic degradation while it was being prepared.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1976

Immunoglobulin specificity for the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test conjugate.

Quantitative indirect immunofluorescence tests have demonstrated the predominance of immunoglobulin G antibody in most stages of syphilis. A class-specific anti-human immunoglobulin G conjugate is recommended to replace the present fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test conjugate. This would allow further definition and standardization of the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption test.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1976

Normative values of serum immunoglobulins by single radial immunodiffusion: a review.

Many previous studies of normative values in adults have suggested that race, age, sex, and environment all have significant effects on the mean values for IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE in various groups of individuals. Single radial immunodiffusion is the technique most widely used to quantitate immunoglobulins of the three major classes (IgG, IgM, and IgA) in sera. Measurements have been expressed in terms of mass concentration, as percentages of the mean normal adult value, and in arbitrary international units. To improve agreement among laboratories, the WHO has supported the distribution of an International Reference Preparation for the Human Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM, and similar (separate) preparations for IgD and IgE.

Adult↗