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Biomedical subjects

S E Long

Publications and source records attributed to S E Long.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Constant oxygen insufflation (COI) in a ventilatory failure model.

We examined the use of a constant insufflation of oxygen into the lungs to assist ventilation in a ventilatory failure model. The model consisted of 12 anesthetized dogs (17 to 32 kg) that were partially paralyzed using intermittent low doses of muscle relaxant; this produced a steady-state mean PaCO2 of 90 +/- 15.8 mm Hg (+/- SD). A catheter (1.5 mm ID) was inserted into each lung to the most distal position possible and withdrawn 1 to 2 cm. The effects of a constant insufflation of oxygen at rates of 5, 10, or 20 L/min were studied at this position (mean distance from the carina = 9 +/- 2 cm); at the carina; and using a single catheter located 2 cm above the carina. The changes in PaCO2 and minute ventilation (VE) due to the insufflation were calculated from the mean steady-state control values. Using the data for all catheter positions and flow rates, the insufflation was associated with a mean decrease in PaCO2 of 31 (+/- 7.6) mm Hg associated with a mean decrease in VE of 48 (+/- 12.9)%. The flow of 20 L/min caused a significantly greater drop in PaCO2 than the flow of 5 L/min (p = 0.02). This technique may prove beneficial for patients with various forms of ventilatory failure that are difficult to treat by conventional means.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Upper extremity radionuclide venography in the diagnosis and management of venous disease associated with intravenous catheters.

The utility of upper extremity radionuclide venography (RNV) in the assessment of suspected catheter-related central venous thrombosis (CRVT) was evaluated in 40 patients with subclavian venous catheters. Twenty normal patients (Group A) served as controls and their venographic patterns were analyzed by using four criteria: (1) delayed tracer transit time, (2) nonuniformity of flow and venous pooling, (3) jugular venous reflux, and (4) collateral venous filling. Control studies displayed no collaterals as a distinguishing characteristic but demonstrated the other three features to a variable degree. Of 106 extremities suspected of CRVT, 67 (Group B) were initially considered to have normal RNV findings (no collaterals). Contrast venography confirmed a normal pattern in 3 but identified CRVT with collaterals in 3 others. Retrospective review of the RNV studies confirmed faint collaterals in these latter 3. The 39 remaining extremities (Group C) showed abnormal RNV findings; contrast venography and postmortem studies confirmed the presence of venous disease in 5 patients. The authors believe that RNV is a reliable, noninvasive procedure for early diagnosis of venous occlusion associated with subclavian venous catheters.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1987

Tuberculous pseudotumor of the liver.

Tuberculosis of the liver in association with generalized miliary tuberculosis is not an uncommon clinical entity. A solitary tuberculous liver abscess, however, is rare. Two such cases, in which there was no clinical evidence of extrahepatic tuberculosis, are reported. The similarities between this condition and other causes of hepatic lesions are discussed, with particular emphasis placed on the imaging patterns of various diagnostic imaging procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of oestradiol-17 beta on perineal and neck skin glands in heifer calves.

Ten 16-week-old Friesian x Hereford heifer calves were split into experimental and control groups. Experimental animals were given an implant of oestradiol-17 beta in the ear whilst controls were given blank implants. They were killed 14 days later. After implantation the experimental group had consistently greater (P less than 0.01) plasma concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta than the control group. After death, sebaceous gland volume in the perineal region was greater (P less than 0.01) in the experimental than in the control group, whereas sebaceous gland volume in the neck was smaller (P less than 0.01). Sweat gland volume in the perineal region was greater (P less than 0.01) in the experimental than in the control group. There was no difference between groups in the volume of sweat glands in the neck.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A quantitative morphological examination of bovine vulval skin glands.

In adult cows the volumes of sweat and sebaceous glands per unit skin surface area (ssa) in the vulva were greater (P less than 0.01) than in the neck, lip or eyelids. Within this perineal region skin gland volumes were greater dorsally than ventrally (P less than 0.01). Adult cows had much greater (P less than 0.01) volumes of perineal skin glands per unit ssa than 8 weeks or 6 weeks old heifer calves or steers. There was little or no difference between animal categories in neck skin gland dimensions. Adult morphology of perineal sebaceous glands was present in 15 and 18 months but not 6 and 9 months old heifer calves. The skin glands of the perineal region in cows should be considered as specialised skin glands.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Amount and distribution of vestibular-associated lymphoid tissue in calves and adult cows.

Normal reproductive tracts were obtained from 11 adult cows, five eight-week-old and five six-week-old heifer calves. Lymphoid nodules and aggregations (loci) were localised in vestibules by immersion in 2 per cent acetic acid. Adults had significantly more loci (P less than 0.001) than eight- or six-week-old calves, there being means of 194.6, 44.2 and 7.4 loci per vestibule, respectively. In all age groups there was a greater concentration (number cm-2) of loci along the median ventral groove than the side walls (P less than 0.001), and in the caudal third of the vestibule than in the middle or cranial thirds (P less than 0.001). The concentrations of loci were the same in adults and eight-week-old calves but significantly lower in six-week-old calves (P less than 0.01).

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Centric fusion translocations in cattle: a review.

The incidence of centric fusion (Robertsonian) translocation in cattle breeds is reviewed. Thirteen different centric fusions have been identified in cattle, with few breeds carrying more than one translocation. Of the commercial breeds, Friesian-Holstein cattle appear to be free of translocations, while the Simmental is the only one which carries three translocations. The major effect of centric fusion is on fertility, causing unbalanced gametes and hence unbalanced zygotes to be formed, leading to early embryonic death. However, to discard all translocation-carrying animals may be misguided as they represent genetic variation and a source of desirable traits.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

High school students' long-term retention of sex education information.

Ninth grade students in a rural South Carolina school were pretested about sexuality information, completed a 12-unit reproductive health course in eight months, and were posttested. A control group received the same pretest and posttest. Both groups were retested after the 10th and 11th grades and mean scores were calculated and compared. The difference between the experimental group's pretest and posttest mean scores was 8.49 (p less than .001); the difference between the control group's pretest and posttest mean scores was 1.0 (p = .003). The experimental group's mean score remained at least 5.2 points higher (p less than .001) than the control group's score on the same test one and two years after the course. Comparison of the mean gain between the pretest and posttest scores, and between the pretest and fourth test scores, confirmed the results obtained by mean test scores. The test scores indicated that the knowledge of the experimental students increased significantly and was sustained for two years. Their scores remained significantly higher than those of the control group on the posttest, and on tests one and two years later.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Integration of database capabilities into a patient reporting system.

A database design is described which automatically archives computer-generated patient imaging and radioassay reports. Selected phrases are condensed so that data storage will be efficient without sacrificing a prose style of report. An indexed file structure has been used to facilitate rapid record retrieval even when several hundred thousand records are stored. Personnel time is considerably reduced for recalling patient records, preparing periodic summaries of studies completed, and performing administrative functions such as billing and keeping track of checked out images. Complex queries, such as "list all the patients between the ages of 50 and 60 on digitalis referred for a stress cardiac study, with left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% and apical dyskinesis," become feasible. A system for data backup is described to protect against catastrophic data loss.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Cross-correlation of ventrolateral inspiratory neurons in the cat.

The ventrolateral region in the medulla of cats was explored with pairs of microelectrodes with tip separations from 100 to 300 micron such that extracellular potentials of pairs of near-neighboring neurons were recorded simultaneously. At least one neuron of each pair was antidromically activated from the spinal cord. Cross-correlation histograms were computed and showed the existence of short-term synchronization of firing for 8 of 20 neuron pairs (40%). The primary feature of the cross-correlation histograms was, typically, asymmetrical peaks on each side of time zero. The peaks were dissimilar, one low and broad, the other high and narrow, and occurred within a millisecond of time zero. Poststimulus histograms computed for one of the pair, during antidromic activation of the other, indicated a possible interaction between the neurons in one case but not in another. The results are suggestive of neuronal interactions among the late-firing inspiratory neurons of the nucleus retroambigualis but are not conclusive.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Tc-99m glucoheptonate estimation of glomerular filtration rate. Correlation with endogenous creatinine clearance.

Estimation of GFR using radioisotope techniques has been successfully accomplished with I-125 iothalamate, Cr-51 EDTA, and Tc-99m DTPA. However, the techniques have required up to several hours to complete with blood and/or urine sampling. A method introduced by Schlegel and modified by Gates provides a simple and rapid technique of GFR quantitation that obviates the need for blood and urine sampling. In the present study an evaluation of Tc-99m GHA was undertaken to assess its ability to reflect GRF using a modification of Gates' technique. When the GFR determinations were compared with a current 24-hour CrC1, a correlation coefficient of 0.91 was obtained. Tc-99m GHA-derived GFR appears to closely correlate with endogenous CrC1 over a wide range of renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The medullary respiratory neurons: a review.

The medullary respiratory neurons involved in the generation of respiratory rhythm are reviewed. The subject is introduced by a brief description to the history of respiratory neurophysiology and of the pontine respiratory neurons. A detailed neurophysiological review is presented for the medullary respiratory neurons: their locations, morphology, firing patterns, afferent connections, axonal connections, and functional interrelations. The significance of the medullary respiratory neurons for rhythmogenesis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Radionuclide venography in iliac and inferior vena caval obstruction.

Thirteen cases are presented to demonstrate normal and various abnormal radionuclide venographic patterns following obstruction of the inferior vena cava or common iliac veins. In these patients, obstruction was due to surgery, thrombosis, or neoplasm. Contrast venography was also performed in seven patients to confirm the radionuclide findings. Radionuclide venograms did not visualize the same collateral patterns that contrast venograms did. Most notably, the anterior parietal vessels were seen in many cases with radionuclide venography, and the paraspinal veins were seen more commonly with contrast venography.

Collateral Circulation↗