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Biomedical subjects

S E James

Publications and source records attributed to S E James.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Pelvic underpinning: eight years' experience.

A new method to reconstruct major acetabular floor defects is described. It relies on the placement of special nails into each of the three bones of the hemipelvis. Curved lugs attached to the nails are coalesced using bone cement forming a platform onto which a standard acetabular prosthesis is located. Forty-seven cases are reported with a mean follow-up of 4.4 years (1 to 8). No loosening of an acetabular cup or migration of the device has occurred.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1991

Bi-articular hemiarthroplasty of the hip: a 7-year follow-up.

A bi-articular prostheses was used to replace the femoral head in 323 patients over 7 years in an attempt to reduce the incidence of acetabular erosion, which has been reported by others who have used different types of prostheses. No erosion of the acetabulum has yet been found in our series, but from the point of view of cost, we consider that the use of this prosthesis should be restricted to active younger patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Percutaneous disc surgery.

The rationale and clinical methods of percutaneous disc surgery have been modified during the past four years. Experience with a consecutive series of 48 patients suggests that the procedure now offers results comparable to open surgery and the advantages of reduced surgical trauma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A further assessment of factors influencing measurements of thioguanine-resistant mutant frequency in circulating T-lymphocytes.

We have used the T-Lymphocyte cloning technique as a method of monitoring the human population for somatic cell mutant frequency. We present a statistical analysis of the experimental factors which may influence the observed mutant frequency. We have obtained consistently high plating efficiencies of T-cells from the mononuclear cell fraction from donor blood samples (mean of 56%, based on 123 observations from 70 individuals). Nevertheless, an inverse correlation of mutant frequency with plating efficiency was observed, and some experimental factors (serum and interleukin-2 batch, and worker) may have a significant effect on the observed mutant frequency. We discuss the difficulties that these possible effects present in establishment of a reference database and design of long-term studies. No significant effect of donor sex on mutant frequency was observed, but age (1.3% increase per year for normal adults) and smoking (56% increase over normal non-smokers) both significantly increased the mutant frequency. We discuss the utility of the assay for the monitoring of populations for heritable DNA damage, and we compare the results to those obtained with lymphocytes using other endpoints, e.g. chromosome aberrations, micronuclei and sister-chromatid exchange.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Comparative human cellular radiosensitivity: II. The survival following gamma-irradiation of unstimulated (G0) T-lymphocytes, T-lymphocyte lines, lymphoblastoid cell lines and fibroblasts from normal donors, from ataxia-telangiectasia patients and from ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygotes.

We have measured clonal survival following gamma-irradiation of unstimulated (G0) T-lymphocytes from 35 donors, of 11 T-lymphocyte cell lines, of six lymphoblastoid cell lines, and of nine primary fibroblast strains for which we have G0 T-lymphocyte material from the same donor. Amongst the G0 lymphocytes we have results from nine normal donors, from eight cord bloods, from seven ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients and from nine A-T heterozygotes. Although there is some variation between samples, G0 T-lymphocytes from normal donors appear to be slightly more radioresistant than T-lymphocyte lines, with a more shouldered survival curve. From our limited sample, lymphoblastoid cell lines appear to be slightly more radiosensitive than T-lymphocytes. The overall radiosensitivity of primary fibroblasts appears to be broadly similar to that of G0 T-lymphocytes. In nine instances, five A-Ts and four A-T heterozygotes, both G0 T-lymphocytes and primary fibroblasts from the same donor were tested. In five cases there was closely similar radiosensitivity in the two cell types, but in four cases there was some discrepancy. Further work, especially with normal donors, will be required in order to establish how reliably radiosensitivity in other cell types can be predicted from that of G0 T-lymphocytes. In all cell types the hypersensitivity of A-T cells was confirmed. Furthermore, the marginally greater sensitivity of A-T heterozygotes, when compared as a group with normals, was confirmed with G0 T-lymphocytes. Our results also suggest a slightly increased radiosensitivity in G0 T-lymphocytes from some, but not all, cord blood samples.

Ataxia Telangiectasia↗
PubMed1987

Autologous blood transfusion in elective orthopaedic surgery.

Autologous blood transfusion is one of the most effective ways of avoiding the need for homologous transfusion and all its associated complications. Since the beginning of 1985, autotransfusions have been used in 48 patients undergoing total joint replacement, without significant complications. Their average haemoglobin level two weeks postoperatively was 11.3 mg/dl. We believe that this is a safe, effective and economical procedure which benefits both patients and medical staff, and its use should be more widespread.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Detection of somatic mutations in man: evaluation of the microtitre cloning assay for T-lymphocytes.

A method of detecting 6-thioguanine-resistant lymphocytes by the cloning of T-lymphocytes in microtitre wells is evaluated for its usefulness in population monitoring. Factors shown to affect the cloning efficiency of lymphocytes include the strain and irradiation level of the lymphoblastoid feeder cells and the use of a pre-incubation period in bulk culture without mitogenic stimulus before plating at limiting dilutions. Cord blood samples have markedly lower mutant frequencies than adult blood samples. The adult range was 8.0 X 10(-7) to 1.8 X 10(-5). Seven males and seven females aged between 23 and 47 years were sampled. No effect of sex or age was found. Individual samples which were divided at collection and treated separately did not vary from each other, but repeat samples taken at different times showed up to a 2-fold variation. The application of this method in population monitoring is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Experience using the carbon dioxide laser in the removal of cutaneous tattoos.

A preliminary study was undertaken to determine if the carbon dioxide laser was a suitable technique for the removal of tattoos. Twenty-eight patients with 47 tattoos had their tattoos removed by the carbon dioxide laser. The results were assessed by an independent observer 1 year after completion of treatment. The most satisfactory results were obtained in patients with discrete linear tattoos of amateur origin. In those with polychromatic blocked-in tattoos of professional origin, hypertrophic scars occurred and the overall result was unsatisfactory.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1985

A complicated case of mitral valve disease.

A patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis and previous cerebral embolism had a myocardial infarction during cardiac catheterisation. She later developed severe mitral regurgitation one year after open valvotomy and at valve replacement was found to have a papillary tumour of the mitral valve. Unexplained low cardiac output occurred four days after operation. Postmortem examination showed thrombotic occlusion of the xenograft prosthesis, a complication not previously seen with tissue valves. Both of these rare events were suggested by the patient's clinical course and could have been diagnosed with cross sectional echocardiography.

Bioprosthesis↗
PubMed1984

Back pain in athletes.

There were one hundred and ninety seven patients who presented with back pain to an Athletes Clinic over four years. Their mode of presentation, investigations, diagnoses and treatments are analysed. The majority of patients were male and below 30 years of age. The average duration of symptoms prior to presentation, despite an easy access policy, was 42 weeks. Injury was usually related to six popular sports. Radiological examination was a rewarding investigation in these patients and included an A-P view of the pelvis. The diagnostic label of prolapsed intervertebral disc appears to have been used too frequently. Physiotherapy was the most useful treatment modality regardless of age, mode of onset and duration of symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Radiosensitivity of human T-lymphocytes proliferating in long term culture.

A method is described for determining the radiation sensitivity of dividing human T-lymphocytes in long-term culture. The results are fitted to a single-hit multi-target model. For cobalt-60 gamma radiation Do values of cells from five normal individuals range from 0.99 to 1.37 Gy with an overall Do of 1.09 Gy, and the extrapolation numbers range from 1.20 to 1.71 with an overall extrapolation number of 1.42.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1980

Failure to detect autologous antibodies in the remission sera of patients with AML: complications introduced by the presence of rheumatoid factor.

Sera were collected from patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) at various times during remission induced by chemotherapy, but after cessation of all immunosupressive treatment. These sera were tested, by a sensitive assay using radio-labelled antiglobulin binding, for the presence of antibodies which bound to the surface of autologous AML cells. The cell populations examined were chosen on the basis that they proliferated in short-term culture, did not bind anti-Ig reagents directly, and that more than 80% of the cells did not carry detectable Fc receptors. With 8/9 patients studied, no specific antibodies of the IgG or IgM class could be detected in serum samples taken during remission. IgG and IgM antibodies from the remission sera of one patient were found be bind to autologous leukaemic cells, but this was found to be due to the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and removal of the RF activity abolished this binding. This study has, like others, failed to detect autologous antibodies, in remission sera, that are directed against membrane components of AML cells.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of radiotherapy with and without razoxane (ICRF 159) in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas.

Comparison of the recurrence rates of soft tissue sarcomas treated by radiotherapy (14 patients) or radiotherapy and synchronous administration of razoxane (19 patients) has shown a statistically significant benefit for those patients treated by the combination. No increase in tissue reactions or adverse side-effects (apart from a readily reversible leukopenia) was observed. The implication is that razoxane acts as a well tolerated adjuvant for radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Training the secretary in community mental health: a second model for integrating secretaries into the therapeutic team in community mental health.

The secretaries in community mental health centers have functions that transcend their job descriptions. Their performance of these functions contributes to the success or failure of their centers' therapeutic programs. The Mental Health Training Institute of North Carolina initiated two separate pilot training programs within 1971-1972, aimed at heightening the secretaries' appreciation of their role within their centers and at facilitating their integration into the therapeutic team. This paper is a discussion of the second of these two programs.

Community Mental Health Services↗