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Biomedical subjects

S E Bunch

Publications and source records attributed to S E Bunch.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A modified laparoscopic approach for liver biopsy in dogs.

A modified laparoscopic technique for liver biopsy in dogs was developed, using an otoscope to observe the liver and to guide the biopsy needle. The procedure was used to obtain liver biopsy specimens from 7 control dogs and 22 treated dogs during studies of the hepatic effects of long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy. In addition, biopsy specimens were obtained from 10 clinical patients with diffuse liver disease. Diagnostic liver specimens were obtained from all dogs with minimal complications. The procedure used basic principles of needle biopsy technique under visual control. It enabled the operator to observe the liver, select a biopsy site, and obtain diagnostic samples quickly, with considerably less expense than by use of fiberoptic laparoscopy. The results of this study indicate that the modified laparoscopic approach is a safe, practical method for liver biopsy in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of long-term primidone and phenytoin administration on canine hepatic function and morphology.

Primidone, phenytoin, or phenytoin and primidone in combination were given to healthy Beagle dogs for 6 months. Serum biochemical changes in dogs given primidone alone or phenytoin and primidone in combination for the entire 6-month test period included increased activities of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase, and decreased concentrations of albumin and cholesterol. Changes in dogs given phenytoin alone were limited to increased AP activity and decreased albumin concentration. Sulfobromophthalein excretion and conjugated bile acid concentration were within normal limits. All dogs given primidone alone or phenytoin alone remained clinically healthy throughout the treatment period. Three of 8 dogs given both drugs in combination became clinically ill after 9, 14, and 15 weeks of treatment, and were euthanatized. Two of the dogs developed clinical jaundice. In addition to the serum biochemical abnormalities observed in clinically healthy dogs, these dogs developed hyperbilirubinemia, delayed sulfobromophthalein excretion, and increased conjugated bile acid concentrations. Histologic examination of the liver showed intracanalicular casts of bile pigment typical of intrahepatic cholestasis in all 3 dogs. Histologic findings characteristic of treated dogs included hepatocellular hypertrophy attributable to hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Single-cell necrosis and multifocal lipidosis were observed in individuals of all treatment groups. Electron microscopy of the liver showed dilated bile canaliculi and damaged sinusoidal epithelium in dogs given both drugs. The elevated serum AP activity, associated with anticonvulsant drug therapy, was found to be exclusively the liver isoenzyme by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The hepatic AP was localized to primarily the canalicular membranes by enzyme histochemistry. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the AP activities of liver and serum. The results of this study indicate that long-term administration of anticonvulsant drugs to dogs is associated with clinical, serum biochemical, and histologic evidence of hepatic dysfunction. High drug dosage contributed most to abnormal serum biochemical test results, and combining phenytoin with primidone was responsible for more severe electron microscopic lesions of the liver of surviving dogs and for the death of 3 dogs.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1984

Compromised hepatic function in dogs treated with anticonvulsant drugs.

Hepatic function tests were performed on 48 dogs that had been given primidone, phenytoin, or a combination of anticonvulsant drugs for 6 months or longer. Except for histories of seizures, 44 of the dogs were healthy at the time the tests were performed. Abnormal test results were observed most frequently in dogs given only primidone and in dogs given combinations of anticonvulsant drugs. The test results that were abnormal most often were those for alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and sulfobromophthalein excretion. The dosage of anticonvulsant drug was found to modify certain test results. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the dosage of primidone and serum alanine transaminase activity and between the dosage of phenytoin and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Four of the dogs were examined because of signs of weakness and anorexia and 2 also had ascites. Three of the 4 dogs were euthanatized 2 to 49 days after admission with clinical signs compatible with hepatic failure, and cirrhosis of the liver was confirmed at necropsy. The fourth dog died at home and was not necropsied. Four of the remaining 44 dogs that apparently were healthy at the time of examination had abnormalities in hepatic biochemical test results that were comparable with those in the 4 dogs with clinical illness. We concluded that, although results of hepatic biochemical tests frequently may be abnormal in dogs given anticonvulsant drugs long-term, severe hepatic injury is observed less often.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Radioimmunoassay of conjugated bile acids in canine and feline sera.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the measurement of total conjugated bile acids was validated for use in dogs and cats. The method used an 125I-labeled iodoglycocholate tracer and polypropylene assay tubes coated with rabbit antiserum against the major conjugated bile acids. Standard solutions of sodium taurocholate provided with the kit and serial dilutions of canine and feline sera containing low, medium, and high endogenous bile acid concentrations inhibited binding of the [125I]iodoglycocholate tracer to the antibody in a parallel manner; this inhibition indicated specificity of the assay for bile acids in the serum of dogs and cats. Increased serum bile acid concentrations in animals with liver disease confirmed the biologic specificity of the assay in dogs and cats. Accuracy was shown by quantitative recovery of purified sodium taurocholate from canine and feline sera. Intra-assay precision was 7.2% to 17.3% for dogs and 8.5% to 18.5% for cats. Interassay precision was 4.8% to 17.2% for dogs and 3.5% to 11.2% for cats. The sensitivity of the assay in dogs and cats was 0.4 mumol/L. Solid-phase radioimmunoassay is a valid method for the direct measurement of total conjugated bile acids in the dog and cat, and is of value in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in these species.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of sulfobromophthalein and indocyanine green clearances in the dog.

Sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and indocyanine green (ICG) were given in single-dose IV injections to dogs and plasma disappearances were measured. The BSP was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight, and ICG was given at doses of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg. The half-life for BSP was 4.2 +/- 0.8 minutes, and for ICG at the 1.0 mg/kg dose, 9.0 +/- 2.0 minutes, and at the 1.5 mg/kg dose, 8.4 +/- 1.9 minutes. The disappearance rate (percentage per minute) for BSP was 17.0 +/- 3.2, and for ICG at the small dose level, 8.1 +/- 1.7, and at the large dose level, 8.7 +/- 2.2. The clearances (ml/min/kg) for BSP were 15.4 +/- 6.2 and for ICG at the small dose level, 3.7 +/- 0.7, and at the large dose level, 3.9 +/- 0.7. The 30-minute percentage retentions for BSP were 1.9 +/- 1.1 and for ICG at the small dose level, 14.7 +/- 5.0, and for ICG at the large dose level, 11.4 +/- 3.0. All of the differences between BSP and ICG means for these values measured were statistically significant (P less than 0.01). There were no significant differences between sexes or between the ICG doses for any of the values (P greater than 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of sulfobromophthalein and indocyanine green clearances in the cat.

Plasma disappearances of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and indocyanine green (ICG) given in single-dose IV injections to cats were measured. The BSP was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight; ICG was given at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg of body weight. The half-life, disappearance rate (percent per minute) and clearance (ml/min/kg) were determined during the initial phase of plasma dye elimination. The half-life for BSP was 2.2 +/- 0.7 minutes, and for ICG, 3.8 +/- 0.9 minutes. The disappearance rate for BSP was 34.7 +/- 10.1, and for ICG, 19.2 +/- 4.5. The clearance for BSP was 26.3 +/- 23.1 and for ICG, 8.6 +/- 4.1. The 30-minute percentage retention for BSP was 0.6 +/- 0.8% and for ICG, 7.3 +/- 2.9%. In the cat, ICG was cleared from the plasma less rapidly than BSP. There were no significant differences between males and females for these values. For both BSP and ICG, a significantly shorter half-life, faster disappearance rate, and lower 30-minute percentage retention were observed in the cat, compared with values observed in the dog given similar dye dosages. Clearance curves for BSP and ICG in the cat were similar to those in the dog, indicating that the 2 species may have similar volumes of dye distribution and excretory mechanisms. The results of the present study indicate that the 30-minute plasma level following a 5 mg/kg dose of BSP in normal cats is often too low for measurement, whereas the 30-minute plasma concentration of ICG following a 1.5 mg/kg dose is adequate. For the 30-minute dye retention test in the cat, ICG may be a preferred diagnostic agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Hepatic cirrhosis associated with long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy in dogs.

Advanced chronic hepatic disease was observed in 5 dogs that had received anticonvulsant drug therapy for 2 to 3 years. Clinical signs included anorexia, weakness, and restlessness, and 2 dogs also had ascites. There were remarkable increases in the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. The total serum bile acid concentration was high in 3 of 4 dogs that were tested. Sulfobromophthalein excretion was delayed in all dogs. Histologic examination of liver specimens from 4 of the dogs demonstrated macronodular or micronodular cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Spur cell anemia in a dog.

Marked spiculation of red blood cells was observed in a young dog with severe hepatic disease. The resulting anemia was similar to spur cell anemia associated with hepatocellular disease in man. Though the exact cause of spur cell formation is not known, abnormalities in serum lipids and red cell membrane lipids are likely involved. A peculiar pattern of serum lipoproteins may have been involved in formation of this dog's spur cells.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of a lateral retinacular fascia technique for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in the dog.

A new fascial technique was used to repair artificially induced rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in 20 dogs. Although technically simple to perform, the procedure resulted in only 12 animals free of lameness. In addition, a drawer sign was present in the stifle of 14 animals 31 days after surgery. Arthritis changes typical of cruciate ligament instability were observed in 16 joints; changes were slight to moderate in 10 joints.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical management of recurrent seizures in dogs and cats.

The problem of recurrent seizures is a common and challenging one in veterinary medical practice. The pathophysiology and pharmacologic suppression of focal seizure activity have been studied extensively in basic research settings, yet little is known of the genesis, modulation, and termination of generalized seizures, the most common form of seizures noted to occur in companion animals. Knowledge concerning the pharmacokinetic fate of anticonvulsant drugs currently used in veterinary medicine is adequate, though prospective clinical studies of the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of various types of seizures are lacking. This study will review the available literature regarding the pharmacology, use, and side effects of anticonvulsant drugs currently available for control of recurrent seizures in companion animals. Alternative anticonvulsant drugs will also be described.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrahepatic postsinusoidal venous obstruction in a dog.

Intrahepatic postsinusoidal obstruction, similar to congenital Budd-Chiari syndrome in human patients, was diagnosed in a young Basenji dog. Sonographic, radiographic, and manometric studies were used in antemortem localization of this unusual functional lesion, that was believed to be congenital.

Animals↗