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Biomedical subjects

S E Bell

Publications and source records attributed to S E Bell.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Depression and other mental disorders in the relatives of morbidly obese patients.

The authors systematically interviewed 88 bariatric clinic patients presenting for vertical banded gastroplasty. The typical subject was middle-aged, female and of low socioeconomic status as indicated by his or her method of payment. Morbidly obese subjects were more likely than a comparison group to have first-degree relatives with a history of depression, bipolar disorder, antisocial personality, and other psychiatric disorders. These data indicate that relatives of morbidly obese subjects are frequently emotionally disturbed. Reasons for the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Identification of thymocyte precursors in murine fetal liver.

We have isolated thymic stem cells from murine fetal liver using a combination of approaches including discontinuous albumin density gradient separation and anti-heat-stable antigen (HSA) antibody plus complement-mediated lysis. A population of early precursors has been identified which comprises approximately 1% of fetal liver, and which has the capacity to reconstitute alymphoid lobes and give rise to the four thymic subpopulations defined by expression of the T cell differentiation antigens CD4 and CD8. These early precursors express CD44 (Pgp-1), however, they are negative for expression of Thy-1, CD4, CD8, CD3, membrane immunoglobulin and HSA cell surface molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Identification and expression of a human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein with homology to the Epstein-Barr virus BXLF2 product, varicella-zoster virus gpIII, and herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein H.

An open reading frame with the characteristics of a glycoprotein-coding sequence was identified by nucleotide sequencing of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genomic DNA. The predicted amino acid sequence was homologous with glycoprotein H of herpes simplex virus type 1 and the homologous protein of Epstein-Barr virus (BXLF2 gene product) and varicella-zoster virus (gpIII). Recombinant vaccinia viruses that expressed this gene were constructed. A glycoprotein of approximately 86 kilodaltons was immunoprecipitated from cells infected with the recombinant viruses and from HCMV-infected cells with a monoclonal antibody that efficiently neutralized HCMV infectivity. In HCMV-infected MRC5 cells, this glycoprotein was present on nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes, but in recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells it accumulated predominantly on the nuclear membrane.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Tai Dam health care practices: Asian refugee women in Iowa.

This study discusses several aspects of health care utilization and health care practices for a group of Tai Dam refugee women who today are living in central Iowa. Several important variables examined in this discussion include: ideas about illness etiology, choice and use of health care providers, birth control practices, and the use of preventive health care in the form of prenatal health care visits. Salient findings include: Tai Dam belief that the majority of illnesses are caused by temperature and weather changes or bad food and water, or that illnesses are caused by the supernatural. Two-thirds of the women do not use and have never used any form of birth control. Although the average Tai Dam woman had been living in the U.S. for seven years at the time of the study, communications with physicians and understanding of written medicine instructions is difficult for many due to language problems. One-quarter of the women are not covered by medical insurance of any kind.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Changing ideas: the medicalization of menopause.

This paper examines the intellectual roots of the medicalization of menopause in the 1930s and 1940s. An analysis of published papers written by prominent American medical specialists reveals three models that were developed to understand menopause--biological, psychological and environmental--and shows how each contributed to its medicalization. This transformation was made possible by the paradigm of sex endocrinology and the availability of a new drug (DES), which was produced in 1938. Exploring the medicalization of menopause illuminates some of the special and complicated ways that women's experiences are vulnerable to medical control.

Diethylstilbestrol↗
PubMed1986

Identification of the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein B gene and induction of neutralizing antibodies via its expression in recombinant vaccinia virus.

A human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein gene with homology to glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus and gpII of varicella zoster virus has been identified by nucleotide sequencing. The gene has been expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus and the gene product recognized by monoclonal antibodies and human immune sera. Rabbits immunized with the recombinant vaccinia virus produced antibodies that immunoprecipitate gB from HCMV-infected cells and neutralize HCMV infectivity in vitro. These data demonstrate a role for this protein in future HCMV vaccines.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

An analysis of the biological properties of monoclonal antibodies against glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus and identification of amino acid substitutions that confer resistance to neutralization.

Four monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 neutralized virus in the presence of complement but exhibited diverse activities in its absence. Amino acid substitutions that conferred resistance to neutralization by each antibody were identified by deriving the nucleotide sequence of the gD gene from resistant mutants. Each antibody selected a substitution from different parts of the molecule and mutants resistant to a single antibody always arose from the same mutation. One of the antibodies reacted with a synthetic oligopeptide corresponding to the region of the molecule in which amino acid substitution conferred resistance, but the remaining three antibodies failed to react with predicted oligopeptide targets. These antibodies may therefore react with 'discontinuous' epitopes, a view supported by the observation that two of these three antibodies competed with each other in binding assays despite the fact that substitutions conferring resistance to neutralization arose nearly 100 residues apart in the primary sequence. The four antibodies had very different biological properties. One antibody neutralized infectivity but did not inhibit cell fusion, one antibody inhibited cell fusion but did not neutralize, while a third antibody had both activities. One antibody had neither activity but enhanced the infectivity of HSV-2 in a type-specific manner. The ability of antibodies to inhibit cell fusion by syncytial virus strains correlated with an ability to prevent plaque enlargement by a non-syncytial virus strain, implying a role for gD in the intercellular spread of virus that is independent of the syncytial phenotype. We found no correlation between neutralizing activity and anti-fusion activity suggesting that, while gD is involved in cell fusion, it has at least one other function which is required for infectivity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Effect of acycloguanosine treatment of acute and latent herpes simplex infections in mice.

Systemic treatment of mice with the nucleoside analog 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (acycloguanosine [aciclovir]) was found to be highly effective against acute type 1 herpes simplex virus infection of the pinna. The drug ablated clinical signs and reduced virus replication both in tissue local to the inoculation site and within the nervous system. Provided that moderate-sized virus inocula were used, acycloguanosine treatment reduced or prevented the establishment of a latent infection in the dorsal root ganglia relating to the sensory nerve supply of the ear. However, although it aborted artificially produced infections in dorsal root ganglia, acycloguanosine was found not to be effective against the latent infection once established. This finding strongly indicated that latent herpes simplex virus in mice can exist in a nonreplicating form.

Animals↗