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Biomedical subjects

S Dyson

Publications and source records attributed to S Dyson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Midwives' knowledge of haemoglobinopathies.

A good working knowledge of haemoglobinopathies is essential if midwives are to provide an equitable service. Almost half of the respondents had received no training in this area. Where training had been received, it was usually during basic midwifery education. Few had received haemoglobinopathies training since qualification as a midwife. Training was linked with higher knowledge levels, especially concerning patterns of inheritance of haemoglobinopathies. Further training sessions were linked with a further rise in knowledge levels. Respondents taught by haemoglobinopathies counsellors had higher knowledge levels than those taught by midwife teachers or doctors.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1995

Whooping-cough vaccination: historical, social and political controversies.

New acellular whooping cough vaccines may have the effect of leading us to forget that infectious diseases such as whooping cough have declined in the context of particular historical, social conditions and persist in the context of particular types of social inequalities. The debates over the existence of damage from whole-cell whooping cough vaccine, and the respective risks of the vaccine and the disease are still unresolved owing to methodological limitations of studies on both sides of the argument. One-sided health 'education' campaigns on whooping cough vaccine have questionable ethics, and suppression of dissenting views is counterproductive. Health professionals and parents have a right to know the political context of the debate.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1994

Practical management of superficial digital flexor tendinitis in the performance horse.

The authors of this section represent a broad range of practice experience with horses that perform in rigorous and varied sport competitions. Each breed and performance application represent unique challenges of diagnosis and uncompromising demands on rehabilitated tendon injuries. This article will serve to guide, stimulate, and encourage veterinarians to apply scientific criteria to the evaluation of tendinitis therapy in the years to come so that we can arrive at a more valid consensus as to the "best" means of tendon and ligament injury management.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Thalassaemia. Part 3 of 3. Counselling and community education.

In two previous articles, Simon Dyson, Verna Davis, and Raheya Rahman described the basic facts about thalassaemia and also considered the outcome of a preliminary survey establishing levels of awareness among community groups in one area. In this, the concluding article in the series, they look at the particular issues raised in thalassaemia counselling work and consider one approach to community education on the issue.

Genetic Counseling↗
PubMed1993

Thalassaemia: 1 of 3. Establishing basic awareness.

Thalassaemia has until recently received little attention and consequently is not widely understood by health professionals, write Simon Dyson, Verna Davis and Rafeya Rahman. In the first of three articles they describe the illness and its treatment and the potential role for health visitors in supporting children with the condition and their families. They conclude with a brief questionnaire to test thalassaemia-awareness levels.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1993

Thalassaemia: 2 of 3. Current community knowledge.

In this second of three articles Simon Dyson, Verna Davis and Rafeya Rahman describe a study carried out in Manchester for the sickle-cell anaemia and thalassaemia centre to gauge the extent of community awareness about thalassaemia, the likely level of demand for further information and how that information might most usefully be given.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMed1992

Clinical and radiographic features, treatment and outcome in 15 horses with fracture of the medial aspect of the patella.

A sagittal fracture of the medial aspect of the patella was identified in 15 horses, 2 of which had been kicked and 12 of which had hit a fixed fence while jumping. Eight horses showed concurrent fragmentation of the base of the patella, and 2 had sustained a concurrent fracture of the distal end of the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur. A cranioproximal-craniodistal oblique radiographic view was essential to identify the site of the medial patellar fracture and to determine its configuration. Fourteen horses were treated by surgical removal of the medial patellar fracture fragment(s). Of 12 horses (83%) without evidence of pre-existing degenerative joint disease, 10 were treated successfully with return to full athletic function.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Proximal suspensory desmitis: clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic features.

Clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic features of proximal suspensory desmitis in the forelimb and the hindlimb are described. Acute cases may present with slight, localised, oedematous swelling, heat, distension of the medial palmar (plantar) vein and/or pain, whereas chronic cases or those rested immediately after onset of lameness usually have no detectable clinical signs suggestive of the source of pain. In these cases local analgesia is required to identify pain in the proximal metacarpal (metatarsal) region. Transverse ultrasonographic images of the suspensory ligament usually yield the most information and a variety of abnormalities of the proximal suspensory ligament have been identified including i) enlargement ii) poor definition of one or more of the margins of the suspensory ligament, especially dorsally iii) a well circumscribed, central hypoechoic area iv) one or more poorly defined hypoechoic areas, central or more peripheral v) a larger area of diffuse decrease in echogenicity (such lesions were seen most commonly in the hindlimb and appeared to warrant a more guarded prognosis than focal lesions). Radiographic abnormalities were identified in hindlimbs more often than in forelimbs and were usually seen in a dorsopalmar (dorsoplantar) view, and/or a lateromedial projection. Radiographic abnormalities included sclerosis of the trabeculae, a change in orientation of the trabeculae and entheseophyte formation. The most extensive radiographic abnormalities were seen together with an ultrasonographic type v lesion. The prognosis for return to full athletic function and sustained future soundness was better for forelimbs than hindlimbs, especially if the lesion, identified ultrasonographically, resolved.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Some observations on lameness associated with pain in the proximal metacarpal region.

The carpus and metacarpus of 40 horses which were free from lameness and 40 horses with lameness associated with the metacarpophalangeal joint or more distal limb were examined radiographically (Group A). The opacity of the proximal third of the third metacarpal bone was regular, with a uniform trabecular pattern. Osseous cyst-like lesions (OCLLs) were identified in the radial carpal bone (1), the ulnar carpal bone (2), the second carpal bone (15) and the fourth carpal bone (1). Thirty-one of 638 horses (4.8 percent) with forelimb lameness had pain localised to the proximal metacarpal region using local anaesthesia (Group B). All these horses were examined radiographically and an ultrasonographic examination was performed in seven. No definitive diagnosis was reached in 16 horses, seven of which had an OCLL in one of the carpal bones or the second metacarpal bone. One horse had, in addition to a poorly defined lucent area in the second carpal bone, radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease of the carpometacarpal joint and an hypoechoic lesion in the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon. One horse had an hypoechoic lesion in the proximal part of the suspensory ligament. Abnormalities of the trabecular structure of the third metacarpal bone were identified in 13 horses. In 11 of these there was a vertically orientated lucent line, usually surrounded by sclerotic bone. These lucent lines may represent fatigue fractures seen end on. In one horse an horizontal lucent line was seen. One of these 13 horses also had a lesion in the proximal part of the suspensory ligament. Ten of the 13 (77 per cent) horses with presumed fractures of the third metacarpal bone recovered completely, whereas only eight of the 16 (50 per cent) horses in which no definitive diagnosis was reached returned to their former function.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1988

Instant centres of rotation of equine limb joints and their relationship to standard skin marker locations.

The instant centres of rotation (ICRs) of each limb joint, other than the coxofemoral joint and those of the digits, were calculated for eight clinically sound horses from tracings of radiographs according to the method of Reuleaux (1963). The majority of ICR positions coincided with the attachment sites of the collateral ligaments. The ICR of the scapulohumeral joint, which does not have collateral ligaments, was caudodistal to the caudal part of the greater tubercle of the humerus. The ICR for the femorotibial joint was located just caudal to the femoral attachment of the collateral ligament. The location of the ICRs calculated for the two joint carpal joint complex was displaced caudad during extreme flexion of the carpus and differed from those calculated separately for either the antebrachiocarpal joint or the intercarpal joint. Interpretation of these ICR positions was confounded by complex spatial motion changes which occur between the carpal bones. The sites used for skin marker positions in equine locomotion and conformation research generally agree with the ICR positions, particularly for the humeroradial, tarsocrural, and metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal joints. Traditional marker sites used for the scapulohumeral and femorotibial joints would result in overstimation and underestimation respectively of the caudal joint angles. Inaccuracy of marker placement, together with movement of skin markers and non-planar motion during joint angulation, limit accurate biokinematic measurement of limb joint angles during locomotion and conformation analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Problems associated with the interpretation of the results of regional and intra-articular anaesthesia in the horse.

The difficulties associated with the interpretation of the results of regional and intra-articular anaesthesia are discussed with reference to eight lame horses. The clinical and radiographic features of each horse are described, together with the results of anaesthesia. One horse had clinical and radiographic signs consistent with navicular disease but it was not possible to relieve the lameness. Two horses had fractures of bones within the foot but lameness was not improved by palmar (abaxial sesamoid) nerve blocks. One horse had more than one cause of lameness. Four horses had joint pathology but none responded to intra-articular anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, Conduction↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic techniques in the investigation of shoulder lameness.

Methods of investigating horses with suspected shoulder lameness are described and discussed. The gait of shoulder lameness is characterised and compared with that of lower forelimb lameness. If lameness is slight, differentiation may be difficult, but if moderate, upper forelimb lameness usually results in shortening of the cranial phase of the stride and a low limb flight. Clinically, it may not be possible to differentiate between shoulder and elbow lameness without intra-articular anaesthesia. Practical aspects of intra-articular anaesthesia of the shoulder joint are reviewed. Synovial fluid must be retrieved to ensure that the needle is intra-articular. Up to 60 mins may elapse after injection of local anaesthetic before significant improvement occurs. Lameness is often improved rather than eliminated. A technique for standing radiography of the shoulder is described and the limitations of assessing a joint only by lateral projections are highlighted. There may be difficulties in positioning weanling foals and yearlings, resulting in superimposition of the shoulder joint, cervical and thoracic vertebra and ribs. It is concluded that a combination of a thorough clinical examination, faradism, local anaesthesia, synovial fluid analysis and radiography usually enables an accurate diagnosis to be reached.

Animals↗